Road Traffic Monitoring from Aerial Images Using Template Matching and Invariant Features

Road traffic monitoring is an imperative topic widely discussed among researchers.Systems used to monitor traffic frequently rely on cameras mounted on bridges or roadsides.However,aerial images provide the flexibility to use mobile platforms to detect the location and motion of the vehicle over a larger area.To this end,different models have shown the ability to recognize and track vehicles.However,these methods are not mature enough to produce accurate results in complex road scenes.Therefore,this paper presents an algorithm that combines state-of-the-art techniques for identifying and tracking vehicles in conjunction with image bursts.The extracted frames were converted to grayscale,followed by the application of a georeferencing algorithm to embed coordinate information into the images.The masking technique eliminated irrelevant data and reduced the computational cost of the overall monitoring system.Next,Sobel edge detection combined with Canny edge detection and Hough line transform has been applied for noise reduction.After preprocessing,the blob detection algorithm helped detect the vehicles.Vehicles of varying sizes have been detected by implementing a dynamic thresholding scheme.Detection was done on the first image of every burst.Then,to track vehicles,the model of each vehicle was made to find its matches in the succeeding images using the template matching algorithm.To further improve the tracking accuracy by incorporating motion information,Scale Invariant Feature Transform(SIFT)features have been used to find the best possible match among multiple matches.An accuracy rate of 87%for detection and 80%accuracy for tracking in the A1 Motorway Netherland dataset has been achieved.For the Vehicle Aerial Imaging from Drone(VAID)dataset,an accuracy rate of 86%for detection and 78%accuracy for tracking has been achieved.

Distributed Matching Theory-Based Task Re-Allocating for Heterogeneous Multi-UAV Edge Computing

Many efforts have been devoted to efficient task scheduling in Multi-Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)edge computing.However,the heterogeneity of UAV computation resource,and the task re-allocating between UAVs have not been fully considered yet.Moreover,most existing works neglect the fact that a task can only be executed on the UAV equipped with its desired service function(SF).In this backdrop,this paper formulates the task scheduling problem as a multi-objective task scheduling problem,which aims at maximizing the task execution success ratio while minimizing the average weighted sum of all tasks’completion time and energy consumption.Optimizing three coupled goals in a realtime manner with the dynamic arrival of tasks hinders us from adopting existing methods,like machine learning-based solutions that require a long training time and tremendous pre-knowledge about the task arrival process,or heuristic-based ones that usually incur a long decision-making time.To tackle this problem in a distributed manner,we establish a matching theory framework,in which three conflicting goals are treated as the preferences of tasks,SFs and UAVs.Then,a Distributed Matching Theory-based Re-allocating(DiMaToRe)algorithm is put forward.We formally proved that a stable matching can be achieved by our proposal.Extensive simulation results show that Di Ma To Re algorithm outperforms benchmark algorithms under diverse parameter settings and has good robustness.

3D electromagnetic simulation of the coupling characteristics and double-stub Ferrite tuners impedance matching for EAST ICRH four-strap antenna

A program developed with COMSOL software integrates EAST four-strap antenna coupling with the double-stub Ferrite tuners(FT)impedance matching,obtaining physical quantities crucial for predicting the overall performance of the ion cyclotron resonance heating(ICRH)antenna and matching system.These quantities encompass S-matrix,port complex impedance,reflection coefficients,electric field and voltage distribution,and optimal matching settings.In this study,we explore the relationship between S-matrix,reflection coefficients,port complex impedance,and frequency.Then,we analyze the impact of Faraday screens placement position and transparency,the distance from the Faraday screen(FS)to the current straps(CS),the relative distance between ports,and the characteristic impedance of the transmission line on the coupling characteristic impedance of the EAST ICRH system.Finally,we simulate the electric field distribution and voltage distribution of the EAST ICRH system for plasma heating with double-stub FT impedance matching.Using optimized parameters,the coupling power of the ICRH system can be approximately doubled.The results present herein may offer guidance for the design of high-power,long-pulse operation ICRH antenna systems.

MPS型磨煤机制粉系统动态模型与瞬态运行优化控制研究

为提升MPS型磨煤机制粉系统变出力过程关键参数的控制精度,该文建立并验证制粉系统动态模型,开展控制策略优化研究。在原逻辑基础上,提出考虑煤质水分信息的前馈磨煤机入口一次风温控制回路,以优化控制策略。开展煤质水分增加、给煤速率增加、磨煤机变出力等瞬态过程模拟研究,获得制粉系统关键参数瞬态特征和能耗特性,验证所提出策略的优越性。结果表明:采用优化的控制逻辑后,系统在应对煤质水分突变、煤量突变等扰动时的响应速率增加、磨煤机出口风粉温度波动范围减小50%以上、瞬态能耗下降2.4%。磨煤机在变出力过程中,稳态能耗可降低100 kW以上,制粉过程能耗降低6.82%,瞬态过程中磨煤机出口风温的波动幅度下降50%、响应时间缩短10%以上、可实现瞬态节能5.43%,保障制粉系统的运行安全并降低能耗。在燃煤发电机组中应用提出的制粉系统优化控制逻辑,可降低燃煤发电机组变负荷瞬态过程中负荷率、主汽压力等关键参数的运行偏差,提高机组的运行灵活性。

Noah-MP陆面模式对干旱区不同下垫面水热通量模拟评估

基于干旱区张掖国家气候观象台2021年1月-2022年6月和大满灌区绿洲农田站2020年1-12月的观测数据,评估Noah-MP模式对干旱区荒漠和农田两种下垫面的水热通量的模拟性能。结果表明:Noah-MP模式模拟的干旱区荒漠下垫面辐射与观测值的相关系数均>0.98,泰勒评分>0.93。感热的泰勒评分(0.809)>潜热的泰勒评分(0.504),对辐射及湍流通量的变化特征、峰谷值与观测值总体一致,模拟效果较好。模拟的5 cm土壤湿度对降水过程有明显的响应,表现出明显的冷暖季差异,但其模拟性能仍有待改进。Noah-MP模式模拟的干旱区农田下垫面辐射通量及各层土壤温度的相关系数均>0.98,泰勒评分>0.58,模拟效果较理想。但模拟的潜热通量及各层土壤湿度较观测值偏低,尤其在生长季模拟性能不理想。Noah-MP模式对干旱区荒漠下垫面水热通量的模拟性能优于农田下垫面,优化和发展模式水文过程的参数化方案,在模式中考虑人为作用,是提高干旱区陆面过程模式模拟能力的重要方向。

贵州地区急性淋巴细胞白血病儿童TPMT、NUDT15基因多态性与6-MP耐受性分析

目的观察贵州地区ALL儿童TPMT、NUDT15基因多态性,探讨其与6-MP耐受性的关系。方法收集贵阳市儿童医院血液科住院的贵州地区ALL儿童。Sanger法检测患者NUDT15c.415C>T和TPMT*2、TPMT*3A、TPMT*3B、TPMT*3C基因型。所有ALL儿童均按CCLG-2008方案化疗,每周1次监测血常规及肝肾功能。根据2016新编WHO化疗药物毒性反应分度标准,出现Ⅲ~Ⅳ度与6-MP相关的毒性反应,称为6-MP不耐受(除外感染、其他药物影响)。分析TPMT、NUDT15基因多态性与6-MP不耐受的相关性。结果共纳入患者60例,检测到TPMT突变(中间代谢型)3例(5%),正常代谢型57例(95%)。NUDT15基因CT型12例(20%),TT型1例(1.7%),CC型(野生型)47例(78.3%)。NUDT15基因突变率21.7%(13/60)显著高于TPMT基因突变率5%(3/60),差异有统计学意义(P=0.007)。TPMT突变型3例均发生6-MP不耐受(100%),NUDT15突变型13例中11例发生6-MP不耐受(84.6%)。结论TPMT、NUDT15基因突变与6-MP不耐受相关(P<0.05),联合检测TPMT、NUDT15基因对调整6-MP使用,减少6-MP不良反应提供依据。

一种新型的电能质量扰动信号分析的CDMSPSO-MP算法

针对匹配追踪(matching pursuit,MP)算法在检测电能质量扰动信号时存在的计算量大、重构信号质量不佳的问题,利用混沌动态多种群粒子群优化(chaos dynamic multi-swarm particle swarm optimization,CDMSPSO)算法对MP算法进行优化,提出了CDMSPSO-MP算法。首先,CDMSPSO算法使用Logistic映射替代伪随机数更新种群,提高信号重构时搜索时频原子的随机性;然后,将种群划分为多个小规模种群并设置相应的重组期,增加信号重构时频原子的多样性;最后,以扰动信号与原子内积的绝对值作为CDMSPSO算法的适应度函数,替代MP算法的遍历计算,提升信号的重构速度。实验结果表明,CDMSPSO-MP算法有效提高了计算速度,减少了无关时频原子作为扰动信号分量的计算,提高了重构信号的质量。

面向光伏能量收集应用的实时MPPT预估算法研究

对于环境中存在的各种类型能量源,其往往具有不同的阻抗特性以及输出功率范围。为了提高能量收集系统的能量萃取能力,合理的接口电路设计是关键。基于此,通过对环境中光伏(Photovoltaic,PV)能量源微弱直流特性以及高效率收集和转化的研究,在传统开路电压法(Open-Circuit Voltage,OCV)的基础上,结合输入电压纹波控制,提出了一种可实时最大功率点追踪(Maximum Power Point Tracking,MPPT)的预估算法。该预估算法根据能量源的输出特性,采用了分数开路电压法(Fractional Open-Circuit Voltage,FOCV),并根据纹波大小动态调节变换器的工作模式,实现阻抗匹配。为了尽可能减小因采样带来的能量损失,采用可片上全集成的较小的采样电容,并逐周期的进行开路电压采样和计算,实现了对源功率变化的高精度追踪。仿真结果表明,所提出的追踪算法能够实时监测能量源的状态,具有高的追踪速度和追踪精度,且采样时间仅需100 ns。能量源功率在1μW~10 mW范围内变化时,最短的追踪时间仅需4.37μs,追踪精度可达99.7%。

非特殊型浸润性乳腺癌新辅助化疗后RCB分级与MP分级在预后分析中的比较研究

目的 分析新辅助化疗后非特殊型浸润性乳腺癌患者的临床病理学相关因素对残余肿瘤负荷(residual cancer burden, RCB)分级系统和Miller-Payne(MP)分级系统的影响,并探讨两种分级系统对患者生存的预测价值。方法 收集术前穿刺确诊为非特殊型浸润性乳腺癌,并施行新辅助化疗的177例患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。分别研究RCB分级系统及MP分级系统与无病生存期(disease-free survival, DFS)和总生存期(overall survival, OS)的关系,分析比较两者对预后判断的价值。结果 RCB分级与月经状态、治疗前组织学分级、治疗后淋巴结转移情况相关,而MP分级与治疗前组织学分级、治疗后淋巴结转移情况、治疗前分子分型相关。通过观察复发与生存的ROC曲线图,比较曲线下面积(AUC),可以得出RCB分级系统对于复发和生存的预测优于MP分级系统。单因素及多因素生存分析显示治疗前临床分期、治疗后淋巴结转移情况及RCB分级为DFS的独立影响因素,治疗前临床分期、治疗前分子分型、RCB分级为OS的独立影响因素,而MP分级不是DFS及OS的独立影响因素。结论 RCB分级系统较MP分级系统对患者生存的预测价值更高,推荐将RCB分级评估系统作为非特殊型浸润性乳腺癌新辅助化疗后的首选评估体系。

基于改进WOA-MP算法的多普勒海流计回波信号频率估计研究

受海洋环境复杂干扰影响,多普勒式海流计的超声波回波信号易受干扰影响,包含多种频率成分,这给海流流速信息的解算带来困难。为解决多普勒海流计回波信号频率估计精度较差的问题,提出一种基于信号匹配追踪(MP)的频率估计方法,并融合改进型鲸鱼优化算法(MWOA)提高估计过程的效率。该方法利用混沌映射提升初始种群多样性,并引入自适应权重和非线性收敛因子提高算法局部寻优能力、搜索速度和求解精度。而后,对改进算法与其他优化算法进行对比测试,结果显示所设计改进算法在收敛速度和寻优能力上具有有效性和优越性。此外,通过对多普勒回波信号进行特征重构,开展MWOA-MP算法在噪声环境下的频率估计精度性能测试。在回波信号信噪比为–10 dB条件下,MWOA-MP算法相对传统方法抗噪声能力提高30%。与其他智能方法融合MP后的频率估计算法相比,MWOA-MP算法的估计误差在10 Hz以内,可满足多普勒海流计频率测量精度要求。

Interface Engineering of Titanium Nitride Nanotube Composites for Excellent Microwave Absorption at Elevated Temperature

Currently,the microwave absorbers usually suffer dreadful electromagnetic wave absorption(EMWA)performance damping at elevated temperature due to impedance mismatching induced by increased conduction loss.Consequently,the development of high-performance EMWA materials with good impedance matching and strong loss ability in wide temperature spectrum has emerged as a top priority.Herein,due to the high melting point,good electrical conductivity,excellent environmental stability,EM coupling effect,and abundant interfaces of titanium nitride(TiN)nanotubes,they were designed based on the controlling kinetic diffusion procedure and Ostwald ripening process.Benefiting from boosted heterogeneous interfaces between TiN nanotubes and polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS),enhanced polarization loss relaxations were created,which could not only improve the depletion efficiency of EMWA,but also contribute to the optimized impedance matching at elevated temperature.Therefore,the TiN nanotubes/PDMS composite showed excellent EMWA performances at varied temperature(298-573 K),while achieved an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)value of 3.23 GHz and a minimum reflection loss(RLmin)value of−44.15 dB at 423 K.This study not only clarifies the relationship between dielectric loss capacity(conduction loss and polarization loss)and temperature,but also breaks new ground for EM absorbers in wide temperature spectrum based on interface engineering.

MP妊高征监测系统联合PLGF和PI对子痫前期的预测价值

目的通过妊娠高血压综合征监测系统测定妊高征风险评级和胎盘生长因子(PLGF)水平,以及胎儿颈项透明层厚度(NT)检查时测得的子宫动脉搏动指数(PI)的联合应用,建立对子痫前期的临床预测模型。方法选择子痫前期患者24例作为病例组,随机抽取同期有良好妊娠结局的孕妇95例作为对照组,收集2组在孕11~14周免疫荧光定量检测法测定的血清PLGF水平,子宫动脉PI,孕11~20周MP妊高征监测系统风险评级(MP风险)及其他相关数据,记录产前体质量指数(BMI)、年龄、孕次、分娩方式、新生儿出生体质量及Apgar评分。结果单因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,BMI、年龄、PI、MP风险、PLGF是出现不良结局的影响因素。多因素回归分析结果显示高PI、MP中高风险和PLGF<12是影响出现不良结局的独立危险因素,建立的PE预测模型为logit(P)=-15.767+0.020×PI+0.072×MP风险+0.181×PLGF,ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.883,特异度为0.816,敏感度为0.846。结论联合PI、MP风险、PLGF建立子痫前期临床预测模型具有一定的价值,且其联合预测价值高于单独应用。

Improved HardNet and Stricter Outlier Filtering to Guide Reliable Matching

As the fundamental problem in the computer vision area,image matching has wide applications in pose estimation,3D reconstruction,image retrieval,etc.Suffering from the influence of external factors,the process of image matching using classical local detectors,e.g.,scale-invariant feature transform(SIFT),and the outlier filtering approaches,e.g.,Random sample consensus(RANSAC),show high computation speed and pool robustness under changing illumination and viewpoints conditions,while image matching approaches with deep learning strategy(such as HardNet,OANet)display reliable achievements in large-scale datasets with challenging scenes.However,the past learning-based approaches are limited to the distinction and quality of the dataset and the training strategy in the image-matching approaches.As an extension of the previous conference paper,this paper proposes an accurate and robust image matching approach using fewer training data in an end-to-end manner,which could be used to estimate the pose error This research first proposes a novel dataset cleaning and construction strategy to eliminate the noise and improve the training efficiency;Secondly,a novel loss named quadratic hinge triplet loss(QHT)is proposed to gather more effective and stable feature matching;Thirdly,in the outlier filtering process,the stricter OANet and bundle adjustment are applied for judging samples by adding the epipolar distance constraint and triangulation constraint to generate more outstanding matches;Finally,to recall the matching pairs,dynamic guided matching is used and then submit the inliers after the PyRANSAC process.Multiple evaluation metrics are used and reported in the 1st place in the Track1 of CVPR Image-Matching Challenge Workshop.The results show that the proposed method has advanced performance in large-scale and challenging Phototourism benchmark.

Preparation of CIP@TiO_(2) composite with broadband electromagnetic wave absorption properties

Scholars aim for the improved impedance matching (Z) of materials while maintaining their excellent wave absorption properties. Based on the hydrolysis characteristics of isopropyl titanate, a simple preparation process for the coating of carbonyl iron powder(CIP) with TiO_(2) was designed. Given the TiO2coating, the Z of the CIP@TiO_(2) composite was adjusted well by decreasing the dielectric constant. Moreover, the interfacial polarization of CIP@TiO_(2) was enhanced. Ultimately, the electromagnetic-wave (EMW) absorption property of the CIP@TiO_(2)composite was improved substantially, the minimum reflection loss reached-46.07 dB, and the effective absorption bandwidth can reach 8 GHz at the composite thickness of 1.5 mm. Moreover, compared with CIP, the oxidation resistance of CIP@TiO_(2)showed remarkable improvement. The results revealed that the oxidation starting temperature of CIP@TiO_(2) as about 400℃,whereas the uncoated CIP had an oxidation starting temperature of approximately 250℃. Moreover, the largest oxidation rate temperature of CIP@TiO_(2) increased to around 550℃. This work opens up a novel strategy for the production of high-performance EMW absorbers via structural design.

铜基漆酶模拟酶Cu-MP的制备及活性研究

天然漆酶的催化活性和稳定性易受外界环境因素的不良影响,受天然漆酶活性中心和电子转移的启发,利用6-巯基嘌呤与铜离子的配位反应合成一种新型漆酶模拟酶(Cu-MP),并采用SEM-EDS、BET、FTIR、XRD、XPS对其性能进行表征并分析。结果表明:Cu-MP呈珊瑚状多孔网状结构,可为催化反应提供较大的比表面积;6-MP主要通过硫和碱基氮(N7)与铜离子配位合成Cu-MP。催化机理推测,模拟酶Cu-MP通过铜离子从底物获取电子后,按照S-C_(6)-C_(5)-N_(7)通道实现电子转移;与相同质量浓度下的天然漆酶相比,Cu-MP对底物的亲和力更佳,其最大反应速度v_(max)是天然漆酶的4.7倍;在25℃下储存7 d后,Cu-MP的酶活保留率达84.03%;经过9轮循环利用,酶活保留率在70%以上;甚至在高盐或有机溶液中,Cu-MP仍能保持相对稳定的催化活性。因此,Cu-MP可以取代天然漆酶,尤其在一些极端条件下,用于处理酚类等环境污染物,是一种具有发展和应用前景的环境催化剂。

An improved particle filter indoor fusion positioning approach based on Wi-Fi/PDR/geomagnetic field

The existing indoor fusion positioning methods based on Pedestrian Dead Reckoning(PDR)and geomagnetic technology have the problems of large initial position error,low sensor accuracy,and geomagnetic mismatch.In this study,a novel indoor fusion positioning approach based on the improved particle filter algorithm by geomagnetic iterative matching is proposed,where Wi-Fi,PDR,and geomagnetic signals are integrated to improve indoor positioning performances.One important contribution is that geomagnetic iterative matching is firstly proposed based on the particle filter algorithm.During the positioning process,an iterative window and a constraint window are introduced to limit the particle generation range and the geomagnetic matching range respectively.The position is corrected several times based on geomagnetic iterative matching in the location correction stage when the pedestrian movement is detected,which made up for the shortage of only one time of geomagnetic correction in the existing particle filter algorithm.In addition,this study also proposes a real-time step detection algorithm based on multi-threshold constraints to judge whether pedestrians are moving,which satisfies the real-time requirement of our fusion positioning approach.Through experimental verification,the average positioning accuracy of the proposed approach reaches 1.59 m,which improves 33.2%compared with the existing particle filter fusion positioning algorithms.

Understanding the Relationship Between Shrinking Cities and Land Prices:Spatial Pattern,Effectiveness,and Policy Implications

Urban shrinkage has emerged as a widespread phenomenon globally and has a significant impact on land,particularly in terms of land use and price.This study focuses on 2851 county-level cities in China in 2005–2018(excluding Hong Kong,Macao,Taiwan,and‘no data’areas in Qinhai-Tibet Plateau)as the fundamental units of analysis.By employing nighttime light(NTL)data to identify shrinking cities,the propensity score matching(PSM)model was used to quantitatively examine the impact of shrinking cities on land prices,and evaluate the magnitude of this influence.The findings demonstrate the following:1)there were 613 shrinking cities in China,with moderate shrinkage being the most prevalent and severe shrinkage being the least.2)Regional disparities are evident in the spatial distribution of shrinking cities,especially in areas with diverse terrain.3)The spatial pattern of land price exhibits a significant correlated to the economic and administrative levels.4)Shrinking cities significantly negatively impact on the overall land price(ATT=–0.1241,P<0.05).However,the extent of the effect varies significantly among different spatial regions.This study contributes novel insights into the investigation of land prices and shrinking cities,ultimately serving as a foundation for government efforts to promote the sustainable development of urban areas.

一种具有低泄漏电流和高浪涌电流能力的1200 V/20 A SiC MPS

通过离子注入优化,成功研制了一款六角形元胞设计的1 200 V/20 A的具有低泄漏电流和高浪涌电流能力的SiC MPS芯片。在25℃和175℃下的测试结果表明,导通压降VF分别为1.48 V和2.03 V;归功于优化的离子注入和元胞设计,1 200 V耐压时,肖特基界面的最强电场强度仅为1.25 MV/cm。研制的MPS的泄漏电流仅为4.3μA(@25℃)和13.7μA(@175℃)。并且25℃和150℃下测试的浪涌电流高达258 A和252 A,约为额定电流的13倍。

An Improved Particle Filter Map Matching Algorithm for Personal Inertial Positioning

The current particle filtering map matching algorithm has problems such as low map utilization and poor accuracy of turnoff positioning, etc. This paper proposed an improved particle filtering-based map-matching algorithm for the inertial positioning of personnel. The historical moment position constraint and feasible region constraint of particles were introduced in this paper. A resampling method based on multi-stage backtracking of particles was proposed. Therefore, the effectiveness of newly generated particles could be guaranteed. The utilization rate of map information could be improved, thus enhancing the accuracy of personnel localization. The walking experiment results showed that, compared with the traditional PDR algorithm, the proposed method had higher localization accuracy and better repeatability of the localization trajectory for multi-turn paths. Under the total travel of 480 meters, the deviation of the starting end point was less than 2 meters, which was about 0.4% of the total travel.

Improved statistical fluctuation analysis for two decoy-states phase-matching quantum key distribution

Phase-matching quantum key distribution is a promising scheme for remote quantum key distribution,breaking through the traditional linear key-rate bound.In practical applications,finite data size can cause significant system performance to deteriorate when data size is below 1010.In this work,an improved statistical fluctuation analysis method is applied for the first time to two decoy-states phase-matching quantum key distribution,offering a new insight and potential solutions for improving the key generation rate and the maximum transmission distance while maintaining security.Moreover,we also compare the influence of the proposed improved statistical fluctuation analysis method on system performance with those of the Gaussian approximation and Chernoff-Hoeffding boundary methods on system performance.The simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly improves the key generation rate and maximum transmission distance in comparison with the Chernoff-Hoeffding approach,and approach the results obtained when the Gaussian approximation is employed.At the same time,the proposed scheme retains the same security level as the Chernoff-Hoeffding method,and is even more secure than the Gaussian approximation.