Liquid Metal-Based Self-Healable and Elastic Conductive Fiber in Complex Operating Conditions

Flexible conductive fibers are essential for wearable electronics and smart electronic textiles.However,in complex operating conditions,conductive fibers will inevitably fracture or damage.Herein,we have developed an elastic conductive self-healable fiber(C-SHF),of which the electrical and mechanical properties can efficiently heal in a wide operating range,including room temperature,underwater,and low temperature.This advantage can be owed to the combination of reversible covalent imine bond and disulfide bond,as well as the instantaneous self-healing ability of liquid metal.The C-SHF,with stretchability,conductivity stability,and universal self-healing properties,can be used as an electrical signal transmission line at high strain and under different operating conditions.Besides,C-SHF was assembled into a double-layer capacitor structure to construct a self-healable sensor,which can effectively respond to pressure as a wearable motion detector.

Elastic fiber degradation in the development of pediatric granuloma annulare:Report of 39 cases

BACKGROUND Granuloma annulare(GA)has diverse clinical manifestations,multiple subtypes,and unknown etiology and pathogenesis.Existing studies regarding GA in children are scarce.AIM To examine the correlation between clinical manifestation and histopathology of pediatric GA.METHODS A total of 39 patients under 18 years of age with both a clinical and pathological diagnosis of GA at Kunming Children's Hospital from 2017 to 2022 were retrieved.Their medical records were consulted,and clinical data of the children were recorded and summarized,including gender,age,disease site,etc.Existing wax blocks of skin lesion specimens of children and pathological films were retrieved for further study and relevant histology,including hematoxylin-eosin,Alcian blue,elastic fiber(Victoria blue-Lichon red method),and antacid staining.Finally,the children’s clinical manifestations,histopathological results,and special staining characteristics were analyzed.RESULTS The clinical manifestations of granuloma annulare in children were diverse:11 cases presented with a single lesion,25 with multiple lesions,and 3 with generalized lesions.The pathological typing comprised histiocytic infiltration,palisading granuloma,epithelioid nodular,and mixed types in 4,11,9,and 15 cases,respectively.Thirty-nine cases were negative for antacid staining.The positive rate of Alcian blue staining was 92.3%,and that of elastic fiber staining was 100%.The degree of elastic fiber dissolution and granuloma annulare histopathological typing were positively correlated(r=0.432,P<0.05).No correlation was found between clinical presentation and histopathological typing of the granuloma annulare in children.In the pathological diagnosis of granuloma annulare,the positive elastic fiber staining rate was higher than that of Alcian blue staining.A correlation was found between elastic fiber dissolution degree and histopathological staging.However,the differences in pathological staging may have been related to the pathological manifestation of granuloma annulare at different periods.CONCLUSION Elastic fiber degradation may be a critical step in the pathogenesis of pediatric granuloma annulare.This is also one of the first studies focused on granuloma annulare in children.

The role of elastic fibers in pathogenesis of conjunctivochalasis

The Pub Med,MEDLINE databases and China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI）were searched for information regarding the etiology and pathogenesis of conjunctivochalasis（CCh）and the synthesis and degradation of elastic fibers.After analysis of the literature,we found elastic fibers was a complex protein molecule from the structure and composition;the degradation of elastic fibers was one of the histopathological features of the disease;the vast majority of the factors related to the pathogenesis of CCh ultimately pointed to abnormal elastic fibers.By reasonably speculating,we considered that abnormal elastic fibers cause the conjunctival relaxation.In conclusion,we hypothesize that elastic fibers play an important role in the pathogenesis of CCh.Studies on the mechanism of synthesis,degradation of elastic fibers are helpful to clarify the pathogenesis of the disease and to find effective treatment methods.

Morphological Patterns of Elastic and Reticulum Fibers in Breast Lesions

Background: The difficulty with histopathology diagnosis is the presence of numerous benign reactive breast lesions with morphological features mimic malignant lesions. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the merit of morphological patterns of elastic and reticular fibers in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions. Methodology: Fifty biopsies were obtained from females with breast Lesions (25 breast carcinoma and 25 benign lesions), their ages ranging from 17 to 85 years with mean age of 39 years old. Morphologic demonstrations of elastic and reticular fibers were performed using conventional histochemical procedures. Results: Intense grades of elastic fiber staining were achieved with carcinoma tissues. Dwindled grades of elastic fiber staining were detected with fibrocystic changes. Elastic fibers in breast carcinoma are significantly increased compared to benign breast lesions P Conclusion: Histochemical quantifications of elastic and reticular fibers can assist in routine diagnosis of breast lesions. Elastic fibers significantly increase in breast carcinoma compared to benign breast lesions.

A continuous and long-term in-situ stress measuring method based on fiber optic. Part I: Theory of inverse differential strain analysis

A method for in-situ stress measurement via fiber optics was proposed. The method utilizes the relationship between rock mass elastic parameters and in-situ stress. The approach offers the advantage of long-term stress measurements with high spatial resolution and frequency, significantly enhancing the ability to measure in-situ stress. The sensing casing, spirally wrapped with fiber optic, is cemented into the formation to establish a formation sensing nerve. Injecting fluid into the casing generates strain disturbance, establishing the relationship between rock mass properties and treatment pressure.Moreover, an optimization algorithm is established to invert the elastic parameters of formation via fiber optic strains. In the first part of this paper series, we established the theoretical basis for the inverse differential strain analysis method for in-situ stress measurement, which was subsequently verified using an analytical model. This paper is the fundamental basis for the inverse differential strain analysis method.

Some Further Considerations about the Theory of Elastic Stress Transfer from Partially Embedded Axially Loaded Fiber to Matrix

In this paper the elastic stress transfer from the fiber to the matrix is analysed for fiber-reinforced composites when the fiber is loaded axially.The dependence of the elastic stress transfer on the as- pect ratio of the fiber,the volume fraction of the fiber,the fiber-to-matrix elastic modulus ratio and the Poisson's ratio of the fiber and the matrix has been shown in detail.

Pregnancy with and without birth trauma modulates the gene expression of proteins involved in elastic fiber homeostasis in the rat vagina

Objectives: Elastic fibers have been linked to the pathogenesis of pelvic organ prolapse. This study used a rat model to examine the effect of mode of delivery on the gene expression of proteins involved in elastic fiber homeostasis. Methods: 38 Sprague-Dawley rats were separated as follows: virgin rats after simulated vaginal delivery, groups A (n = 5) and B (n = 5);pregnant rats after spontaneous vaginal delivery, groups C (n = 5) and D (n = 5);pregnant rats after cesarean delivery, groups E (n = 6) and F (n = 5). Groups A, C and E were sacrificed 2 days after the intervention, groups B, D and F were sacrificed 14 days after the intervention. 7 virgin rats served as controls. Vaginal tissue was harvested for RNA extraction and cDNA conversion. The mRNA expression for lysyl oxidase like 1 (LOXL-1), tropoelastin and fibulin 5 (FBLN 5) was quantified via real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction using the 2-ΔΔCt method;β-actin was selected as the reference gene. Results: Postpartum day two we observed an up-regulation in the relative mRNA expression of LOXL-1, FBLN 5 and Tropoelastin in all groups compared to controls. In lower vaginal tissue the up-regulation decreased uniformly from postpartum day two to postpartum day fourteen. However, the relative mRNA expression of the target genes in upper vaginal tissue persisted at postpartum day fourteen in the SpVD and CD cohort. Conclusions: Vaginal trauma, whether as a result of spontaneous vaginal delivery or simulated vaginal delivery, resulted in the upregulation of genes involved in elastic fiber homeostasis. In addition, pregnancy and parturition, in the absence of direct vaginal trauma, also resulted in the upregulation of these genes. Our findings leave open the possibility that alterations in elastic fiber homeostasis occurring during pregnancy, regardless of mode of delivery, may play a role in the pathogenesis of POP.

Non-uniqueness and stability of two-family fiber-reinforced incompressible hyper-elastic sheet under equibiaxial loading

The problems on the non-uniqueness and stability of a two-family fiber- reinforced anisotropic incompressible hyper-elastic square sheet under equibiaxial tensile dead loading are examined within the framework of finite elasticity. For a two-family fiber-reinforced square sheet, which is in-plane symmetric and subjected to the in-plane symmetric tension in dead loading on the edges, three symmetrically deformed configu- rations and six asymmetrically deformed configurations are possible for any values of the loading. Moreover, another four bifurcated asymmetrically deformed configurations are possible for the loading beyond a certain criticM value. The stability of all the solutions is discussed in comparison with the energy of the sheet. It is shown that only one of the symmetric solutions is stable when the loading is less than the critical value. However, this symmetric solution will become unstable when the loading is larger than the critical value, while one of the four bifurcated asymmetric solutions will be stable.

Effect of the amount of lignin on tensile properties of single wood fibers

Chemical components are the main factors affecting the mechanical properties of wood fibers. Lignin is one of the main components of wood cell walls and has a critical effect on the mechanical properties of paper pulp and wood fiber based composites. In this study, we carried out tensile tests on single mature latewood tracheids of Chi- nese fir （Cunninghamia lanciolata （Lamb.） Hook.）, using three different delignified treatment methods to obtain different amounts of lignin. We applied single fiber tests to study the effect of the amount of lignin on mechanical tensile proper- ties of single wood fibers at the cellular level. The results show that in their dry state, the modulus of elasticity of single fi- bers decreased with the reduction in the amount of Iignin; even their absolute values were not high. The amount of lignin affects the tensile strength and elongation of single fibers considerably. Tensile strength and elongation of single fibers increase with a reduction in the amount of lignin.

A Theoretical Investigation into the Orientation of Buckling Direction of the Reinforcing Fibers in EMC Laminate

Due to its high packaging strain and shape memory effect, elastic memory composite （EMC） has considerable potential application in future deployable space structures. Buckling of the reinforcing fibers is the primary deformation mechanism of such a new class of functional materials to realize a higher folding strain than that of conventional fiber reinforced composites. In this paper, the orientation of buckling direction of the reinforcing fibers in EMC laminate will be theoretically analyzed to better understand such deformation mechanism. The results reveal that the bucking protruding from the edge produces the lower energy needed for EMC laminate.

The Perineal Membrane: Its Composite Fibers and Nerve Content, and Relationship to the Levator Ani and Deep Transverse Perineal Muscles

The perineal membrane (PM) is a thick, elastic fiber-rich, smooth muscle-poor membrane extending along the vestibule and lower vaginal wall and embedding the urethrovaginal sphincter and compressor urethrae muscles. To provide a better understanding of the topographical relationship between the PM and the levator ani muscle, we examined histological sections from 15 female cadavers. The composite fibers of the PM were usually continuous with that of a fascia covering the inferior or lateral surface of the levator ani (fascia diaphragmatis pelvis inferior) rather than the endopelvic fascia covering the superior or medial surface of the latter muscle. However, this fascial connection was sometimes interrupted by a venous plexus. The deep transverse perineal muscle was consistently adjacent to the posterolateral aspect of the PM, but whether it extended superficially or deeply to the PM depended on size of the muscle. In contrast to the endopelvic fascia embedding abundant middle-sized nerves (cavernous and sphincter nerves;0.05 - 0.1 mm in thickness), the PM contained very thin nerves: many in 10 cadavers but few in 5 cadavers. Most of the nerves seemed to be sensory on the basis of immunohistochemistry. The levator ani muscle was considered likely to provide traction force to the PM, but active elevation appeared to be difficult because of the highly elastic nature of the PM and the interrupting venous plexus. Loss of nerves in the PM might be one of a number of factors that can accelerate pelvic organ prolapse.

A Correlation between Histochemical Patterns of Connective Tissue Fibers and AgNORs in Breast Lesions

Background: The precise histopathologic diagnosis of a breast lesion is the first step towards the most appropriate inclusive patient’s management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between histochemical patterns of connective tissue fibers and NORs in breast lesions. Methodology: Patients with breast cancer (n = 25) were ascertained as the case group, and those with benign breast lesions were ascertained as a control group (n = 25). Histochemical evaluations of elastic fibers, reticular fibers and mean AgNORs count were performed for all study subjects. Results: Elastic fibers intensity was brought into being lessening in benign lesions and upturns in the direction of malignant lesions. The intensity of elastic fibers was found to intensify with rises of neoplastic changes in breast cancer and this was found to be statistically significant P Conclusion: Demonstration of connective tissue fibers (particularly elastic fibers) can strength the diagnostic evidence for conventional histopathology diagnosis. Mean AgNORs count can merge as an important quantitative marker in breast cancer diagnosis.

Enhancement in Elastic Modulus of GFRP Bars by Material Hybridization

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcing bars for concrete structure has been extensively investigated for last two decades and a number of FRP bars are commercially available. However, one of shortcomings of the existing FRP bars is its low elastic modulus, if glass fibers are used (i.e., GFRP). The main objective of this study using the concept of material hybridization is to develop a viable hybrid FRP bar for concrete structures, especially for marine and port con- crete structures. The purposes of hybridization are to increase the elastic modulus of GFRP bar with acceptable tensile strength. Two types of hybrid GFRP bar were considered in the development: GFRP crust with steel core and GFRP bar with steel wires dispersed over the cross-section. Using E-glass fibers and unsaturated polyester resins, the hybrid GFRP bar samples of 13 mm in diameter were pultruded and tested for tensile properties. The effect of hybridization on tensile properties of GFRP bars was evaluated by comparing the results of tensile test with those of non-hybrid GFRP bars. The results of this study indicated that the elastic modulus of the hybrid GFRP bar was increased by up to 270 percent by the material hybridization. The results of the test and the future recommendations are summarized in this paper. To ensure long-term durability of the hybrid GFRP bars in waterfront structure applications, the individual and combined effects of environmental conditions on hybrid GFRP rebar itself as well as on the interface between rebar and concrete should be accessed.

Anycast Transmission in Routing Modulation Level Spectrum Assignment (RMLSA) Problem on Space Division Multiplexing (SDM) Elastic Optical Networks (EON)

With the rise of cloud computing in recent years, a large number of streaming media has yielded an exponential growth in network traffic. With the now present 5G and future 6G, the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), social networks, video on demand, and mobile multimedia platforms, the backbone network is bound to bear more traffic. The transmission capacity of Single Core Fiber (SCFs) may be limited in the future and Spatial Division Multiplexing (SDM) leveraging multi-core fibers promises to be one of the solutions for the future. Currently, Elastic optical networks (EONs) with multi-core fibers (MCFs) are a kind of SDM-enabled EONs (SDM-EON) used to enhance the capacity of transmission. The resource assignment in MCFs, however, will be subject to Inter-Core Crosstalk (IC-XT), hence, reducing the effectiveness of transmission. This research highlights the routing, modulation level, and spectrum assignment (RMLSA) problems with anycast traffic mode in SDM-EON. A multipath routing scheme is used to reduce the blocking rate of anycast traffic in SDM-EON with the limit of inter-core crosstalk. Hence, an integer linear programming (ILP) problem is formulated and a heuristic algorithm is proposed. Two core-assignment strategies: First-Fit (FF) and Random-Fit (RF) are used and their performance is evaluated through simulations. The simulation results show that the multipath routing method is better than the single-path routing method in terms of blocking ratio and spectrum utilization ratio. Moreover, the FF is better than the RF in low traffic load in terms of blocking ratio (BR), and the opposite in high traffic load. The FF is better than the RF in terms of a spectrum utilization ratio. In an anycast protection problem, the proposed algorithm has a lower BR than previous works.

Super‑elastic Scintillating Fibers and Fabrics for Efficient and Visual Radiation Detection

The fabrication of advanced radiation detectors is an important subject due to the wide use of radiation sources in scientific instruments,medical services,security check,non-destructive inspection,and nuclear industries.However,the manufacture of flexible and stretchable radiation detectors remains a challenge.Here,we report the scalable fabrication of super-elastic scintillating fibers and fabrics for visual radiation detection by thermal drawing and melt-spinning methods using styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene,and scintillating Gd_(2)O_(2)S:Tb(GOS).Microstructure evolution,rheological properties,and radiation-composite interaction are studied to reveal the excellent processability,elasticity,and radiation detection ability of the fabricated fibers.Benefiting from the physical crosslinking structural features of the polymer matrix and the excellent radiation absorption capacities of GOS,the resulting fiber can sustain high strains of 765%with a high content of GOS dopants(2 wt.%)and has excellent X-ray detection performance with the limit down to 53 nGy_(air)s^(-1).Furthermore,stretchable fabrics are constructed,and their applications in various fields,such as radiation warning,and X-ray imaging,are demonstrated.Our work not only provides a new type of super-elastic scintillating fibers and fabrics for smart textiles but also demonstrates their potential applications in the nuclear field.

高温后冷却方式对玄武岩纤维混凝土力学性能的影响

高温处理后混凝土力学性能是工程建设中评价混凝土结构安全性能的重要指标之一。对不同玄武岩纤维(BF)掺量混凝土的力学性能进行了测试,将最优掺量的玄武岩纤维混凝土(BFRC)与普通混凝土(OC)进行高温处理(200、400、600、800℃),研究不同冷却方式(自然冷却和喷水冷却)对高温后BFRC性能劣化的影响,分析BFRC在不同温度和冷却方式下的力学性能变化规律。结果表明,当BF掺量为0.05%(体积分数)时,BFRC抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度达到最大值,分别为50.2、3.5 MPa,较OC分别提高了14.87%、34.62%。BF的掺入能够有效增加混凝土的韧性以及抵抗开裂变形的能力。随着温度增加,BFRC试件的弹性模量减小但始终大于OC试件。同一冷却方式下OC的峰值应变均大于BFRC,不同冷却方式下的延性指数较常温均有所提高。

基于纤维-骨料细观分布的自密实钢纤维混凝土单调和循环压缩性能研究

自密实钢纤维混凝土(SFRSCC)压缩性能表现和内部组分含量及分散状态均具有显著关联。为探究这种关联特性,定制不同组分配比的SFRSCC拌合物来浇筑制备棱柱体试块,并分别开展单调及循环压缩实验探索其压缩性能特性研究;随后截取每组试块的数个特征截面,采用粗骨料面积占比来描述粗骨料含量,将钢纤维含量及分散情况量化为Voronoi增韧面积统计值,并结合实测数据建立压缩力学特性和内部组分含量及分布特性之间的关联。参考上述关联特性,建立SFRSCC单调和循环压缩弹塑性损伤本构性能曲线方程。研究结果表明:粗骨料含量的增长提高了基体弹性模量和峰值强度,但骨料胶结难以抑制宏观裂缝的非稳定扩展;纤维数量的增加可减小钢纤维的增韧区域面积,从而能够延缓峰后塑性变形的累积,控制宏观裂缝生成,这种增韧效应和Voronoi增韧面积呈负相关,与增韧效率系数呈正相关;在自密实工艺下,钢纤维数量增加会抑制粗骨料含量的增长,需平衡Voronoi面积和粗骨料面积占比以满足增韧与增强需求。建立的SFRSCC单调和循环压缩弹塑性损伤本构性能曲线方程可实现不同组分分布下SFRSCC结构局部压缩性能的可靠分析。

玻璃纤维增强聚合物管约束高强混凝土柱轴压试验研究

为研究玻璃纤维增强聚合物管约束高强混凝土柱的轴压性能,设计了6个不同长细比的试件并对其进行了轴心受压试验,分析了其破坏过程及破坏形态、承载力、位移、荷载-位移曲线、骨架曲线、荷载-应变曲线。研究表明:玻璃纤维增强聚合物管约束混凝土柱轴压承载性能优异,随着长细比的减小,试件的轴压承载力提升显著;加载后期,该组合结构的破坏模式为玻璃纤维增强聚合物管发生环向破坏,内部混凝土被压溃;玻璃纤维增强聚合物空管轴压承载力相对较低,破坏时脆性特征明显;随着长细比的减小,玻璃纤维增强聚合物管约束高强混凝土柱的承载力和刚度逐步增加,长细比对结构的承载能力影响显著。研究结果对玻璃纤维增强聚合物管约束高强混凝土柱的理论研究和工程应用具有一定的指导意义。

盐蚀/冻融环境下环氧树脂结构胶强度降解机理

为探究盐蚀/冻融循环作用对环氧树脂胶黏剂材料的拉伸、剪切性能的影响,分别开展了40个胶黏剂和40个单搭接接头的盐蚀/冻融循环试验和力学性能试验,分析其力学性能随环境作用时间的变化规律.研究表明,随环境作用时间增加,所有胶黏剂试件失效模式未发生变化,而单搭接接头由内聚破坏和界面脱黏的混合失效模式变为界面脱黏失效模式.胶黏剂试件的拉伸强度总体呈现下降趋势,210次盐蚀/冻融循环后降低了9.2%.水分在单搭接接头界面的扩散速率远大于胶黏剂试件,导致了单搭接接头剪切强度相对于胶黏剂拉伸强度下降更为显著,210次盐蚀/冻融循环后剪切强度降低了60.9%.此外,盐蚀/冻融循环2160次后,胶黏剂拉伸强度保留率约为31.1%,而单搭接接头已失效.

雅赛尔11.8 tex弹力包芯纱生产实践

为了提高雅赛尔纤维弹力纱纺纱质量,以纺雅赛尔11.8 tex弹力包芯纱为例,介绍雅赛尔、氨纶弹力丝的性能指标及工艺流程;详细分析纺纱各生产工序采取的技术措施、工艺配置及注意事项;通过对细纱、筒纱质量指标的测试,说明雅赛尔11.8 tex弹力包芯纱成纱指标良好、质量稳定。指出:提高雅赛尔纤维品种强力、减少其成纱毛羽、控制氨纶丝包覆质量是保证成纱质量的关键;生产过程中,要优选各工序工艺,明确控制要点及参数,合理配置相关器材和车间温湿度,加强各工序过程控制和设备维护保养。