Brassinosteroids （BRs） are perceived by transmembrane receptors and play vital roles in plant growth and development, as well as cell in responses to environmental stimuli. The transmemhrane receptor BRI1 can direct...Brassinosteroids （BRs） are perceived by transmembrane receptors and play vital roles in plant growth and development, as well as cell in responses to environmental stimuli. The transmemhrane receptor BRI1 can directly bind to brassinolide （BL）, and BAK1 interacts with BRI1 to enhance the BRI1-mediated BR signaling. Our previous studies indicated that a membrane steroid-binding protein 1 （MSBP1） could bind to BL in vitro and is negatively involved in BR signaling. To further elucidate the underlying mechanism, we here show that MSBPI specifically interacts with the extraeellular domain of BAK1 in vivo in a BL-independent manner. Suppressed cell expansion and BR responses by increased expression of MSBP1 can be recovered by overexpressing BAK1 or its intracellnlar kinase domain, sug- gesting that MSBP1 may suppress BR signaling through interacting with BAK1. Subcellular localization studies re- vealed that both MSBPI and BAK1 are localized to plasma membrane and endocytic vesicles and MSBP1 accelerates BAK1 endocytosis, which results in suppressed BR signaling by shifting the equilibrium of BAKI toward endosomes. Indeed, enhanced MSBP1 expression reduces the interaction between BRI1 and BAK1 in vivo, demonstrating that MSBP1 acts as a negative factor at an early step of the BR signaling pathway.展开更多
Membrane Steroid Binding Protein 1 （MSBP1） can bind steroids in vitro and negatively regulates brassinosteroid （BR） signaling, as well as cell elongation and expansion. Detailed analysis of the MSBP1 expression pa...Membrane Steroid Binding Protein 1 （MSBP1） can bind steroids in vitro and negatively regulates brassinosteroid （BR） signaling, as well as cell elongation and expansion. Detailed analysis of the MSBP1 expression pattern based on quantitative real-time RT-PCR and promoter-GUS fusion studies revealed that MSBP1 expression in hypocotyls is stimulated by various light conditions, Interestingly, MSBP1 expression is greatly suppressed in hyS, hyh, or hy5hyh mutants but enhanced in cop1 mutants, Further analysis employing a yeast one-hybrid assay, an electrophoretic mobility shift assay （EMSA）, and a Chromatin IP （CHIP） assay confirmed the direct binding of Long Hypocotyl 5 （HY5） and HY5 Homolog （HYH） to the promoter region of MSBP1, indicating that MSBP1 is involved in light-regulated hypocotyl growth by serving as a direct target for HY5 and HYH. In addition, hy5 and hy5 hyh mutants show altered BR responses to light, which is consistent with the suppressed expression of MSBP1 in these mutants. These results suggest that light triggers MSBP1 ex- pression through direct binding to and activation by HY5 and HYH, thereby inhibiting hypocotyl elongation. The findings also provide informative clues regarding the mechanisms for the negative regulation of BR sensitivity and photomorpho- genesis during the dark-light transition.展开更多
Overexpression of membrane steroid binding protein 1 （MSBP1） stimulates the root gravitropism and antigravitropism of hypocotyl, which is mainly due to the enhanced auxin redistribution in the bending regions of hyp...Overexpression of membrane steroid binding protein 1 （MSBP1） stimulates the root gravitropism and antigravitropism of hypocotyl, which is mainly due to the enhanced auxin redistribution in the bending regions of hypocotyls and root tips. The inhibitory effects by 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid （NPA）, an inhibitor of polar auxin transport, are suppressed under the MSBP1 overexpression, suggesting the positive effects of MSBP1 on polar auxin transport. Interestingly, sub-cellular localization studies showed that MSBP1 is also localized in endosomes and observations of the membraneselective dye FM4-64 revealed the enhanced vesicle trafficking under MSBP1 overexpression. MSBPl-overexpressing seedlings are less sensitive to brefeldin A （BFA） treatment, whereas the vesicle trafficking was evidently reduced by suppressed MSBP1 expression. Enhanced MSBP1 does not affect the polar localization of PIN2, but stimulates the PIN2 cycling and enhances the asymmetric PIN2 redistribution under gravi-stimulation. These results suggest that MSBP1 could enhance the cycling of PIN2-containing vesicles to stimulate the auxin redistribution under gravi-stimulation, providing informative hints on interactions between auxin and steroid binding protein.展开更多
在船舶设计过程中经常会出现随机新设计任务,为船舶设计任务调度方案的制订带来一定的困难。基于反向传播(Back Propagation, BP)算法,引入动量-自适应学习率反向传播(Momentum and Self-Adaptive Learning Rate Back Propagation, MSBP...在船舶设计过程中经常会出现随机新设计任务,为船舶设计任务调度方案的制订带来一定的困难。基于反向传播(Back Propagation, BP)算法,引入动量-自适应学习率反向传播(Momentum and Self-Adaptive Learning Rate Back Propagation, MSBP)算法预测随机新设计任务是否可加入制订的船舶设计任务调度方案,以解决扰动情况下的船舶设计任务动态调度(Dynamic Scheduling of Ship Design Tasks, DSSDT)问题。为减小求解空间和训练难度,选择对调度结果具有重大影响的属性作为MSBP算法的特征值。基于抽取的特征值构建MSBP算法模型,并采用大量数据完成对模型的训练。对比试验结果表明,MSBP算法的准确性优于未改进的BP算法,某项随机新设计任务的可调度性与其优先级最为密切。展开更多
目的探讨复方银杏通脉口服液联合厄贝沙坦治疗高血压的临床疗效。方法选取2017年5月—2017年11月在深圳市龙华区中心医院进行诊治的106例高血压患者,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各53例。对照组口服厄贝沙坦片,起始剂量为0.15 g/次,根...目的探讨复方银杏通脉口服液联合厄贝沙坦治疗高血压的临床疗效。方法选取2017年5月—2017年11月在深圳市龙华区中心医院进行诊治的106例高血压患者,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各53例。对照组口服厄贝沙坦片,起始剂量为0.15 g/次,根据病情可增至0.3 g/次,1次/d;治疗组在对照组治疗基础上口服复方银杏通脉口服液,10 mL/次,3次/d。两组患者均连续治疗4周。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组治疗前后24 h平均收缩压(mSBP)、24 h平均舒张压(mDBP)、临床症状积分、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)、可溶性凝集素样氧化型低密度脂蛋白受体-1(sLOX-1)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、内皮素(ET)、一氧化氮(NO)的变化情况。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为81.13%、98.11%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组24 h mSBP、24 h mDBP、头痛积分、耳鸣积分、头晕积分均较治疗前显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,治疗组24 h mSBP、24 h mDBP、头痛积分、耳鸣积分、头晕积分水平显著低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组血清MCP-1、sLOX-1、MMP-9、ET-1水平均显著降低,但NO水平显著增高,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,治疗组MCP-1、sLOX-1、MMP-9、ET-1水平低于对照组,NO水平高于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论复方银杏通脉口服液联合厄贝沙坦治疗高血压具有较好的临床疗效,可有效降低患者血压,改善临床症状,还可改善血清因子水平,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。展开更多
基金Acknowledgments This study was supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grants 30425029, 30421001, 90717001）. We greatly thank Prof Hong Ma （Penn. State University, USA） for critical reading and writing improvement and Prof Nam-Hai Chua （The Rockefeller University, USA） for helpful comments. We thank the Salk Institute Genomic Analysis Laboratory for providing the sequence-indexed Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion mutants, and Prof Sheng Luan （University of California, Berkeley, USA） for providing the construct pATC940. We thank Prof Hong-Quan Yang （SIPPE, CAS） for providing LexA yeast two-hybrid system and Prof Zhi-Yong Wang （The Stanford University, USA） for providing the BRI1 antibody. We thank Mr Xiao-Shu Gao for the help on Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy.
文摘Brassinosteroids （BRs） are perceived by transmembrane receptors and play vital roles in plant growth and development, as well as cell in responses to environmental stimuli. The transmemhrane receptor BRI1 can directly bind to brassinolide （BL）, and BAK1 interacts with BRI1 to enhance the BRI1-mediated BR signaling. Our previous studies indicated that a membrane steroid-binding protein 1 （MSBP1） could bind to BL in vitro and is negatively involved in BR signaling. To further elucidate the underlying mechanism, we here show that MSBPI specifically interacts with the extraeellular domain of BAK1 in vivo in a BL-independent manner. Suppressed cell expansion and BR responses by increased expression of MSBP1 can be recovered by overexpressing BAK1 or its intracellnlar kinase domain, sug- gesting that MSBP1 may suppress BR signaling through interacting with BAK1. Subcellular localization studies re- vealed that both MSBPI and BAK1 are localized to plasma membrane and endocytic vesicles and MSBP1 accelerates BAK1 endocytosis, which results in suppressed BR signaling by shifting the equilibrium of BAKI toward endosomes. Indeed, enhanced MSBP1 expression reduces the interaction between BRI1 and BAK1 in vivo, demonstrating that MSBP1 acts as a negative factor at an early step of the BR signaling pathway.
文摘Membrane Steroid Binding Protein 1 （MSBP1） can bind steroids in vitro and negatively regulates brassinosteroid （BR） signaling, as well as cell elongation and expansion. Detailed analysis of the MSBP1 expression pattern based on quantitative real-time RT-PCR and promoter-GUS fusion studies revealed that MSBP1 expression in hypocotyls is stimulated by various light conditions, Interestingly, MSBP1 expression is greatly suppressed in hyS, hyh, or hy5hyh mutants but enhanced in cop1 mutants, Further analysis employing a yeast one-hybrid assay, an electrophoretic mobility shift assay （EMSA）, and a Chromatin IP （CHIP） assay confirmed the direct binding of Long Hypocotyl 5 （HY5） and HY5 Homolog （HYH） to the promoter region of MSBP1, indicating that MSBP1 is involved in light-regulated hypocotyl growth by serving as a direct target for HY5 and HYH. In addition, hy5 and hy5 hyh mutants show altered BR responses to light, which is consistent with the suppressed expression of MSBP1 in these mutants. These results suggest that light triggers MSBP1 ex- pression through direct binding to and activation by HY5 and HYH, thereby inhibiting hypocotyl elongation. The findings also provide informative clues regarding the mechanisms for the negative regulation of BR sensitivity and photomorpho- genesis during the dark-light transition.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 90717001, 30721061, 30425029） and Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality （08XD14049）.We thank Jian Xu （Utrecht University, Netherlands） for providing Arabidopsis seeds containing DR5-GUS and PIN2-EGFP expression cassettes. No conflict of interest declared,
文摘Overexpression of membrane steroid binding protein 1 （MSBP1） stimulates the root gravitropism and antigravitropism of hypocotyl, which is mainly due to the enhanced auxin redistribution in the bending regions of hypocotyls and root tips. The inhibitory effects by 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid （NPA）, an inhibitor of polar auxin transport, are suppressed under the MSBP1 overexpression, suggesting the positive effects of MSBP1 on polar auxin transport. Interestingly, sub-cellular localization studies showed that MSBP1 is also localized in endosomes and observations of the membraneselective dye FM4-64 revealed the enhanced vesicle trafficking under MSBP1 overexpression. MSBPl-overexpressing seedlings are less sensitive to brefeldin A （BFA） treatment, whereas the vesicle trafficking was evidently reduced by suppressed MSBP1 expression. Enhanced MSBP1 does not affect the polar localization of PIN2, but stimulates the PIN2 cycling and enhances the asymmetric PIN2 redistribution under gravi-stimulation. These results suggest that MSBP1 could enhance the cycling of PIN2-containing vesicles to stimulate the auxin redistribution under gravi-stimulation, providing informative hints on interactions between auxin and steroid binding protein.
文摘目的探讨复方银杏通脉口服液联合厄贝沙坦治疗高血压的临床疗效。方法选取2017年5月—2017年11月在深圳市龙华区中心医院进行诊治的106例高血压患者,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各53例。对照组口服厄贝沙坦片,起始剂量为0.15 g/次,根据病情可增至0.3 g/次,1次/d;治疗组在对照组治疗基础上口服复方银杏通脉口服液,10 mL/次,3次/d。两组患者均连续治疗4周。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组治疗前后24 h平均收缩压(mSBP)、24 h平均舒张压(mDBP)、临床症状积分、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)、可溶性凝集素样氧化型低密度脂蛋白受体-1(sLOX-1)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、内皮素(ET)、一氧化氮(NO)的变化情况。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为81.13%、98.11%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组24 h mSBP、24 h mDBP、头痛积分、耳鸣积分、头晕积分均较治疗前显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,治疗组24 h mSBP、24 h mDBP、头痛积分、耳鸣积分、头晕积分水平显著低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组血清MCP-1、sLOX-1、MMP-9、ET-1水平均显著降低,但NO水平显著增高,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,治疗组MCP-1、sLOX-1、MMP-9、ET-1水平低于对照组,NO水平高于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论复方银杏通脉口服液联合厄贝沙坦治疗高血压具有较好的临床疗效,可有效降低患者血压,改善临床症状,还可改善血清因子水平,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。
