This study presents a mathematical model for optimal vaccination strategies in interconnected metropolitan areas,considering commuting patterns.It is a compartmental model with a vaccination rate for each city,acting ...This study presents a mathematical model for optimal vaccination strategies in interconnected metropolitan areas,considering commuting patterns.It is a compartmental model with a vaccination rate for each city,acting as a control function.The commuting patterns are incorporated through a weighted adjacency matrix and a parameter that selects day and night periods.The optimal control problem is formulated to minimize a functional cost that balances the number of hospitalizations and vaccines,including restrictions of a weekly availability cap and an application capacity of vaccines per unit of time.The key findings of this work are bounds for the basic reproduction number,particularly in the case of a metropolitan area,and the study of the optimal control problem.Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations provide insights into disease dynamics and the effectiveness of control measures.The research highlights the importance of prioritizing vaccination in the capital to better control the disease spread,as we depicted in our numerical simulations.This model serves as a tool to improve resource allocation in epidemic control across metropolitan regions.展开更多
Throughout the progress of epidemic scenarios,individuals in different health classes are expected to have different average daily contact behavior.This contact heterogeneity has been studied in recent adaptive models...Throughout the progress of epidemic scenarios,individuals in different health classes are expected to have different average daily contact behavior.This contact heterogeneity has been studied in recent adaptive models and allows us to capture the inherent differences across health statuses better.Diseases with reinfection bring out more complex scenarios and offer an important application to consider contact disaggregation.Therefore,we developed a nonlinear differential equation model to explore the dynamics of relapse phenomena and contact differences across health statuses.Our incidence rate function is formulated,taking inspiration from recent adaptive algorithms.It incorporates contact behavior for individuals in each health class.We use constant contact rates at each health status for our analytical results and prove conditions for different forward-backward bifurcation scenarios.The relationship between the different contact rates heavily in-fluences these conditions.Numerical examples highlight the effect of temporarily recov-ered individuals and initial conditions on infected population persistence.展开更多
We consider a device which consists of a floating structure over a cylindrical plate placed at a finite height from the impermeable ocean floor.This paper developes the interaction of linear water waves with such a de...We consider a device which consists of a floating structure over a cylindrical plate placed at a finite height from the impermeable ocean floor.This paper developes the interaction of linear water waves with such a device.The whole fluid domain is divided into a number of sub-domains and boundary value problems are formulated for each identified sub-domain.The channel multipoles,separation of variables and matched eigenfunction expansion methods allow us to solve boundary value problems for the diffracted velocity potentials in each sub-domain.We investigate the wave forces exerted on the proposed device.Consequently,the effects of the various parameters,e.g.,drafts,radii,the gap between the cylinders and mainly channel width of the device on the wave forces exerted by the cylinders are presented graphically.We observe a small oscillation nature near the peak value of the exciting force for the particular value of channel width w=2.4m.The peak value of the exciting forces occurs near the wavenumber kr 1=1.0 for different width of the channel walls.The obtained results are compared with some available results,and it shows a good agreement between the obtained and available results.展开更多
Tuberculosis(TB)continues to disproportionately affect Inuit populations in Canada with some communities having over 300 times higher rate of active TB than Canadian-born,non-Indigenous people.Inuit Tuberculosis Elimi...Tuberculosis(TB)continues to disproportionately affect Inuit populations in Canada with some communities having over 300 times higher rate of active TB than Canadian-born,non-Indigenous people.Inuit Tuberculosis Elimination Framework has set the goal of reducing active TB incidence by at least 50%by 2025,aiming to eliminate it by 2030.Whether these goals are achievable with available resources and treatment regimens currently in practice has not been evaluated.We developed an agent-based model of TB transmission to evaluate timelines and milestones attainable in Nunavut,Canada by including case findings,contact-tracing and testing,treatment of latent TB infection(LTBI),and the government investment on housing infrastructure to reduce the average house-hold size.The model was calibrated to ten years of TB incidence data,and simulated for 20 years to project program outcomes.We found that,under a range of plausible scenarios with tracing and testing of 25%e100%of frequent contacts of detected active cases,the goal of 50%reduction in annual incidence by 2025 is not achievable.If active TB cases are identified rapidly within one week of becoming symptomatic,then the annual incidence would reduce below 100 per 100,000 population,with 50%reduction being met between 2025 and 2030.Eliminating TB from Inuit populations would require high rates of contacttracing and would extend beyond 2030.The findings indicate that time-to-identification of active TB is a critical factor determining program effectiveness,suggesting that investment in resources for rapid case detection is fundamental to controlling TB.展开更多
基金the financial support from the School of Applied Mathematics(FGV EMAp),and Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro(FAPERJ)for the funding through process E-26/203.223/2017the financial support of CNPq(Brazil)through process 310452/2019-8.
文摘This study presents a mathematical model for optimal vaccination strategies in interconnected metropolitan areas,considering commuting patterns.It is a compartmental model with a vaccination rate for each city,acting as a control function.The commuting patterns are incorporated through a weighted adjacency matrix and a parameter that selects day and night periods.The optimal control problem is formulated to minimize a functional cost that balances the number of hospitalizations and vaccines,including restrictions of a weekly availability cap and an application capacity of vaccines per unit of time.The key findings of this work are bounds for the basic reproduction number,particularly in the case of a metropolitan area,and the study of the optimal control problem.Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations provide insights into disease dynamics and the effectiveness of control measures.The research highlights the importance of prioritizing vaccination in the capital to better control the disease spread,as we depicted in our numerical simulations.This model serves as a tool to improve resource allocation in epidemic control across metropolitan regions.
基金support from the Research Center in Pure and Applied Mathematics and the Department of Mathematics at Universidad de Costa Rica.
文摘Throughout the progress of epidemic scenarios,individuals in different health classes are expected to have different average daily contact behavior.This contact heterogeneity has been studied in recent adaptive models and allows us to capture the inherent differences across health statuses better.Diseases with reinfection bring out more complex scenarios and offer an important application to consider contact disaggregation.Therefore,we developed a nonlinear differential equation model to explore the dynamics of relapse phenomena and contact differences across health statuses.Our incidence rate function is formulated,taking inspiration from recent adaptive algorithms.It incorporates contact behavior for individuals in each health class.We use constant contact rates at each health status for our analytical results and prove conditions for different forward-backward bifurcation scenarios.The relationship between the different contact rates heavily in-fluences these conditions.Numerical examples highlight the effect of temporarily recov-ered individuals and initial conditions on infected population persistence.
基金the Department of Science and Technol-ogy,SERB,[grant number:SERB(YSS/14/000884)]。
文摘We consider a device which consists of a floating structure over a cylindrical plate placed at a finite height from the impermeable ocean floor.This paper developes the interaction of linear water waves with such a device.The whole fluid domain is divided into a number of sub-domains and boundary value problems are formulated for each identified sub-domain.The channel multipoles,separation of variables and matched eigenfunction expansion methods allow us to solve boundary value problems for the diffracted velocity potentials in each sub-domain.We investigate the wave forces exerted on the proposed device.Consequently,the effects of the various parameters,e.g.,drafts,radii,the gap between the cylinders and mainly channel width of the device on the wave forces exerted by the cylinders are presented graphically.We observe a small oscillation nature near the peak value of the exciting force for the particular value of channel width w=2.4m.The peak value of the exciting forces occurs near the wavenumber kr 1=1.0 for different width of the channel walls.The obtained results are compared with some available results,and it shows a good agreement between the obtained and available results.
基金support from Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada through Individual Discovery Grant.
文摘Tuberculosis(TB)continues to disproportionately affect Inuit populations in Canada with some communities having over 300 times higher rate of active TB than Canadian-born,non-Indigenous people.Inuit Tuberculosis Elimination Framework has set the goal of reducing active TB incidence by at least 50%by 2025,aiming to eliminate it by 2030.Whether these goals are achievable with available resources and treatment regimens currently in practice has not been evaluated.We developed an agent-based model of TB transmission to evaluate timelines and milestones attainable in Nunavut,Canada by including case findings,contact-tracing and testing,treatment of latent TB infection(LTBI),and the government investment on housing infrastructure to reduce the average house-hold size.The model was calibrated to ten years of TB incidence data,and simulated for 20 years to project program outcomes.We found that,under a range of plausible scenarios with tracing and testing of 25%e100%of frequent contacts of detected active cases,the goal of 50%reduction in annual incidence by 2025 is not achievable.If active TB cases are identified rapidly within one week of becoming symptomatic,then the annual incidence would reduce below 100 per 100,000 population,with 50%reduction being met between 2025 and 2030.Eliminating TB from Inuit populations would require high rates of contacttracing and would extend beyond 2030.The findings indicate that time-to-identification of active TB is a critical factor determining program effectiveness,suggesting that investment in resources for rapid case detection is fundamental to controlling TB.