Quantitative remote sensing inversion is ill-posed. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer at 250 m resolution （MODIS_250m） contains two bands. To deal with this ill-posed inversion of MODIS_250m data, we...Quantitative remote sensing inversion is ill-posed. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer at 250 m resolution （MODIS_250m） contains two bands. To deal with this ill-posed inversion of MODIS_250m data, we propose a framework, the Multi-scale, Multi-stage, Sample-direction Dependent, Target-decisions （Multi-scale MSDT） inversion method, based on spa- tial knowledge. First, MODIS images （1 km, 500 m, 250 m） are used to extract multi-scale spatial knowledge. The inversion accuracy of MODIS_lkm data is improved by reducing the impact of spatial heterogeneity. Then, coarse-scale inversion is taken as prior knowledge for the fine scale, again by inversion. The prior knowledge is updated after each inversion step. At each scale, MODIS_lkm to MODIS_250m, the inversion is directed by the Uncertainty and Sensitivity Matrix （USM）, and the most uncertain parameters are inversed by the most sensitive data. All remote sensing data are involved in the inversion, during which multi-scale spatial knowledge is introduced, to reduce the impact of spatial heterogeneity. The USM analysis is used to implement a reasonable allocation of limited remote sensing data in the model space. In the entire multi-scale inversion process field data, spatial knowledge and multi-scale remote sensing data are all involved. As the multi-scale, multi-stage inversion is gradually refined, initial expectations of parameters become more reasonable and their uncertainty range is effectively reduced, so that the inversion becomes increasingly targeted. Finally, the method is tested by retrieving the Leaf Area Index （LAI） of the crop canopy in the Heihe River Basin. The results show that the proposed method is reliable.展开更多
Haploidentical stem cell transplantation(haplo-SCT)achieves superior or at least comparable clinical outcomes to HLA-matched sibling donor transplantation(MSDT)in treating hematological malignancies.To define the unde...Haploidentical stem cell transplantation(haplo-SCT)achieves superior or at least comparable clinical outcomes to HLA-matched sibling donor transplantation(MSDT)in treating hematological malignancies.To define the underlying regulatory dynamics,we analyzed time courses of leukemia burden and immune abundance of haplo-SCT or MSDT from multiple dimension.First,we employed two nonirradiated leukemia mouse models which carried human AML-ETO or MLL-AF9 fusion gene to establish haplo-identical and major histocompatibility(MHC)-matched transplantation models and investigated the immune cell dynamic response during leukemia development in vivo.We found that haplo-matching the MHCs of leukemia cells with recipient mouse T cells prolonged leukemic mice survival and reduced leukemia burden.The stronger graft-versus-leukemia activity in haplo-SCT group mainly induced by decreased apoptosis and increased cytotoxic cytokine secretion including tumor necrosis factor–α,interferon-γ,pore-forming proteins and CD107a secreted by T cells or natural killer cells.Furthermore,we conducted a prospective clinical trial which enrolled 135 patients with t(8;21)acute myeloid leukemia that displayed minimal residual disease before transplantation and underwent either haplo-SCT or MSDT.The results showed that the haplo-SCT slowed the kinetics of the leukemia burden in vivo and reduced the cumulative incidence of relapse compared with MSDT.Ex vivo experiments showed that,1 year after transplantation,cytotoxic T lymphocytes from the haplo-SCT group had higher cytotoxicity than those from the MSDT group during the same period.Our results unraveled the role of immune cells in superior antileukemia effects of haplo-SCT compared with MSDT.展开更多
基金supported by Action Plan for West Development Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX2-XB2-09)National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB714407)Na-tional Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.40801070)
文摘Quantitative remote sensing inversion is ill-posed. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer at 250 m resolution （MODIS_250m） contains two bands. To deal with this ill-posed inversion of MODIS_250m data, we propose a framework, the Multi-scale, Multi-stage, Sample-direction Dependent, Target-decisions （Multi-scale MSDT） inversion method, based on spa- tial knowledge. First, MODIS images （1 km, 500 m, 250 m） are used to extract multi-scale spatial knowledge. The inversion accuracy of MODIS_lkm data is improved by reducing the impact of spatial heterogeneity. Then, coarse-scale inversion is taken as prior knowledge for the fine scale, again by inversion. The prior knowledge is updated after each inversion step. At each scale, MODIS_lkm to MODIS_250m, the inversion is directed by the Uncertainty and Sensitivity Matrix （USM）, and the most uncertain parameters are inversed by the most sensitive data. All remote sensing data are involved in the inversion, during which multi-scale spatial knowledge is introduced, to reduce the impact of spatial heterogeneity. The USM analysis is used to implement a reasonable allocation of limited remote sensing data in the model space. In the entire multi-scale inversion process field data, spatial knowledge and multi-scale remote sensing data are all involved. As the multi-scale, multi-stage inversion is gradually refined, initial expectations of parameters become more reasonable and their uncertainty range is effectively reduced, so that the inversion becomes increasingly targeted. Finally, the method is tested by retrieving the Leaf Area Index （LAI） of the crop canopy in the Heihe River Basin. The results show that the proposed method is reliable.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0104500)the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Z181100009618032)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81621001,81530046,81770189,81670186,81870141 and 82070185)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(grant number:2019-I2M-5-034)the Peking University Clinical Scientist Program(BMU2019LCKXJ003).
文摘Haploidentical stem cell transplantation(haplo-SCT)achieves superior or at least comparable clinical outcomes to HLA-matched sibling donor transplantation(MSDT)in treating hematological malignancies.To define the underlying regulatory dynamics,we analyzed time courses of leukemia burden and immune abundance of haplo-SCT or MSDT from multiple dimension.First,we employed two nonirradiated leukemia mouse models which carried human AML-ETO or MLL-AF9 fusion gene to establish haplo-identical and major histocompatibility(MHC)-matched transplantation models and investigated the immune cell dynamic response during leukemia development in vivo.We found that haplo-matching the MHCs of leukemia cells with recipient mouse T cells prolonged leukemic mice survival and reduced leukemia burden.The stronger graft-versus-leukemia activity in haplo-SCT group mainly induced by decreased apoptosis and increased cytotoxic cytokine secretion including tumor necrosis factor–α,interferon-γ,pore-forming proteins and CD107a secreted by T cells or natural killer cells.Furthermore,we conducted a prospective clinical trial which enrolled 135 patients with t(8;21)acute myeloid leukemia that displayed minimal residual disease before transplantation and underwent either haplo-SCT or MSDT.The results showed that the haplo-SCT slowed the kinetics of the leukemia burden in vivo and reduced the cumulative incidence of relapse compared with MSDT.Ex vivo experiments showed that,1 year after transplantation,cytotoxic T lymphocytes from the haplo-SCT group had higher cytotoxicity than those from the MSDT group during the same period.Our results unraveled the role of immune cells in superior antileukemia effects of haplo-SCT compared with MSDT.
