中尺度分析系统LAPS（local analysis and prediction system）在国内已业务化多年,可以融合多种国内观测资料;但是针对卫星资料的融合应用研究还不够充分。为此,实现了LAPS融合MTSAT-2卫星资料的接口;并结合WRF模式,选取2014年7月24~2...中尺度分析系统LAPS（local analysis and prediction system）在国内已业务化多年,可以融合多种国内观测资料;但是针对卫星资料的融合应用研究还不够充分。为此,实现了LAPS融合MTSAT-2卫星资料的接口;并结合WRF模式,选取2014年7月24~25日发生在江苏及附近地区的一次强降水过程进行模拟。通过对比LAPS系统融合MTSAT-2卫星资料前后的物理量场的差异,以及经WRF模式预报的降水量差异,分析基于LAPS系统同化MTSAT-2资料对暴雨预报的作用。结果表明,LAPS融合MTSAT-2卫星资料后对地面相对湿度场和降水区域分布均有明显改善作用。利用多种评分方法对24 h累计降水进行检验,发现同化MTSAT-2资料对大雨及以上量级降水的预报改善作用明显,特别是对大暴雨级别的降水预报效果改善最为显著。展开更多
A dual channel difference （DCD） method is applied to detect nighttime sea fog/stratus over the Huanghai Sea using the infrared （IR） data of shortwave （3.5-4.0 μm） and longwave （10.3-11.3 μm） channels from th...A dual channel difference （DCD） method is applied to detect nighttime sea fog/stratus over the Huanghai Sea using the infrared （IR） data of shortwave （3.5-4.0 μm） and longwave （10.3-11.3 μm） channels from the Multi-functional Transport Satellite （MTSAT）-IR, i.e., shortwave minus longwave brightness temperature difference （SLTD）. Twenty-four sea fog events over the Huanghai Sea during March to July of 2006 and 2007 are chosen to determine a suitable value of SLTD for nighttime sea fog/stratus detection, and it is found that the value of-5.5-2.5℃ can be taken as a criterion. Two case examples of sea fog events are especially demonstrated in detail utilizing the criterion, and the results show that the derived sea fog/stratus coverage is quite reasonable. This coverage information is very helpful to analyze the formation and evolution of sea fog/stratus during night and can provide sea fog researchers with observational evidences for model results verification. However, more efforts are needed to further obtain vertical extent information of sea fog/stratus and attempt to discriminate between sea fog and stratus.展开更多
A fog threshold method for the detection of sea fog from Multi-function Transport Satellite (MTSAT1R) infrared (IR) channel data is presented.This method uses principle component analysis (PCA),texture analysis,and th...A fog threshold method for the detection of sea fog from Multi-function Transport Satellite (MTSAT1R) infrared (IR) channel data is presented.This method uses principle component analysis (PCA),texture analysis,and threshold detection to extract sea fog information.A heavy sea fog episode that occurred over China's adjacent sea area during 7 8 April 2008 was detected,indicating that the fog threshold method can effectively detect sea fog areas nearly 24 hours a day.MTSAT-1R data from March 2006,June 2007,and April 2008 were processed using the fog threshold method,and sea fog coverage information was compared with the meteorological observation report data from ships.The hit rate,miss rate,and false alarm rate of sea fog detection were 66.1%,27.3%,and 33.9%,respectively.The results show that the fog threshold method can detect the formation,evolution,and dissipation of sea fog events over period of time and that the method has superior temporal and spatial resolution relative to conventional ship observations.In addition,through MTSAT-1R data processing and a statistical analysis of sea fog coverage information for the period from 2006 to 2009,the monthly mean sea fog day frequency,spatial distribution and seasonal variation characteristics of sea fog over China's adjacent sea area were obtained.展开更多
Hourly sea surface temperature(SST) observations from the geostationary satellite are increasingly used in studies of the diurnal warming of the surface oceans. The aim of this study is to derive the spatial and tempo...Hourly sea surface temperature(SST) observations from the geostationary satellite are increasingly used in studies of the diurnal warming of the surface oceans. The aim of this study is to derive the spatial and temporal distribution of diurnal warming in the China seas and northwestern Pacific Ocean from Multi-functional Transport Satellite(MTSAT) SST. The MTSAT SST is validated against drifting buoy measurements firstly. It shows mean biases is about –0.2°C and standard deviation is about 0.6°C comparable to other satellite SST accuracy. The results show that the tropics, mid-latitudes controlled by subtropical high and marginal seas are frequently affected by large diurnal warming. The Kuroshio and its extension regions are smaller compared with the surrounding regions. A clear seasonal signal, peaking at spring and summer can be seen from the long time series of diurnal warming in the domain in average. It may due to large insolation and low wind speed in spring and summer, while the winter being the opposite. Surface wind speed modulates the amplitude of the diurnal cycle by influencing the surface heat flux and by determining the momentum flux. For the shallow marginal seas, such as the East China Sea, turbidity would be another important factor promoting diurnal warming. It suggests the need for the diurnal variation to be considered in SST measurement, air-sea flux estimation and multiple sensors SST blending.展开更多
Two typical satellite sea surface temperature (SST) datasets, from the Multi-functional Transport Satellite (MTSAT) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager (TMI), were evaluated for the East China Sea...Two typical satellite sea surface temperature (SST) datasets, from the Multi-functional Transport Satellite (MTSAT) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager (TMI), were evaluated for the East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea throughout 2008. Most monthly-mean availabilities of MTSAT are higher than those of TMI, whereas the seasonal variation of the latter is less than that of the former. The analysis on the one-year data shows that the annual mean availability of MTSAT (61%) is greater than that of TMI (56%). This is mainly because MTSAT is a geostationary satellite, which achieves longer observation than the sun-synchronous TMI. The daily availability of TMI (28%-75%) is more constant than that of MTSAT (9%-93%). The signal of infrared sensors on MTSAT is easily disturbed on cloudy days. In contrast, the TMI microwave sensor can obtain information through clouds. Based on in-situ SSTs, the SST accuracy of TMI is superior to that of MTSAT. In 2008, the root mean square (RMS) error of TMI and MTSAT were 0.77 K and 0.84 K, respectively. The annual mean biases were 0.14 K (TMI) and -0.31 K (MTSAT). To attain a high availability of SSTs, we propose a fusion method to merge both SSTs. The annual mean availability of fusion SSTs increases 17% compared to MTSAT. In addition, the availabilities of the fusion SSTs become more constant. The annual mean RMS and bias of fusion SSTs (0.78 K and -0.06 K, respectively) are better than those of MTSAT (0.84 K and -0.31 K).展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No. 40706004the National Basic Research Program ("973" program) of China under contract No. 2005CB422301+2 种基金China Meteorological Administration’s New Technology Extension Project under contract No. CMATG2008M41the National Special Fund for public Sector Research of China under contract No. GYHY200706031Shandong Provincial Meteorological Bureau Science Fund of China under contract No. 2004SDQXJ01.
文摘A dual channel difference （DCD） method is applied to detect nighttime sea fog/stratus over the Huanghai Sea using the infrared （IR） data of shortwave （3.5-4.0 μm） and longwave （10.3-11.3 μm） channels from the Multi-functional Transport Satellite （MTSAT）-IR, i.e., shortwave minus longwave brightness temperature difference （SLTD）. Twenty-four sea fog events over the Huanghai Sea during March to July of 2006 and 2007 are chosen to determine a suitable value of SLTD for nighttime sea fog/stratus detection, and it is found that the value of-5.5-2.5℃ can be taken as a criterion. Two case examples of sea fog events are especially demonstrated in detail utilizing the criterion, and the results show that the derived sea fog/stratus coverage is quite reasonable. This coverage information is very helpful to analyze the formation and evolution of sea fog/stratus during night and can provide sea fog researchers with observational evidences for model results verification. However, more efforts are needed to further obtain vertical extent information of sea fog/stratus and attempt to discriminate between sea fog and stratus.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40830102)Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST)(Grant Nos.2006CB403706and2010CB950804)
文摘A fog threshold method for the detection of sea fog from Multi-function Transport Satellite (MTSAT1R) infrared (IR) channel data is presented.This method uses principle component analysis (PCA),texture analysis,and threshold detection to extract sea fog information.A heavy sea fog episode that occurred over China's adjacent sea area during 7 8 April 2008 was detected,indicating that the fog threshold method can effectively detect sea fog areas nearly 24 hours a day.MTSAT-1R data from March 2006,June 2007,and April 2008 were processed using the fog threshold method,and sea fog coverage information was compared with the meteorological observation report data from ships.The hit rate,miss rate,and false alarm rate of sea fog detection were 66.1%,27.3%,and 33.9%,respectively.The results show that the fog threshold method can detect the formation,evolution,and dissipation of sea fog events over period of time and that the method has superior temporal and spatial resolution relative to conventional ship observations.In addition,through MTSAT-1R data processing and a statistical analysis of sea fog coverage information for the period from 2006 to 2009,the monthly mean sea fog day frequency,spatial distribution and seasonal variation characteristics of sea fog over China's adjacent sea area were obtained.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No.2016YFC1401903the Scientific Research Fund of the Second Institute of Oceanography,SOA under contract No.JT1503the Project of State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics,Second Institute of Oceanography under contract No.SOEDZZ1515
文摘Hourly sea surface temperature(SST) observations from the geostationary satellite are increasingly used in studies of the diurnal warming of the surface oceans. The aim of this study is to derive the spatial and temporal distribution of diurnal warming in the China seas and northwestern Pacific Ocean from Multi-functional Transport Satellite(MTSAT) SST. The MTSAT SST is validated against drifting buoy measurements firstly. It shows mean biases is about –0.2°C and standard deviation is about 0.6°C comparable to other satellite SST accuracy. The results show that the tropics, mid-latitudes controlled by subtropical high and marginal seas are frequently affected by large diurnal warming. The Kuroshio and its extension regions are smaller compared with the surrounding regions. A clear seasonal signal, peaking at spring and summer can be seen from the long time series of diurnal warming in the domain in average. It may due to large insolation and low wind speed in spring and summer, while the winter being the opposite. Surface wind speed modulates the amplitude of the diurnal cycle by influencing the surface heat flux and by determining the momentum flux. For the shallow marginal seas, such as the East China Sea, turbidity would be another important factor promoting diurnal warming. It suggests the need for the diurnal variation to be considered in SST measurement, air-sea flux estimation and multiple sensors SST blending.
基金Supported by the Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulationand Waves,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KLOCAW1010)the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KZCX1-YW-12-04)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863Program)(Nos.2007AA092202,2008AA121701)
文摘Two typical satellite sea surface temperature (SST) datasets, from the Multi-functional Transport Satellite (MTSAT) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager (TMI), were evaluated for the East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea throughout 2008. Most monthly-mean availabilities of MTSAT are higher than those of TMI, whereas the seasonal variation of the latter is less than that of the former. The analysis on the one-year data shows that the annual mean availability of MTSAT (61%) is greater than that of TMI (56%). This is mainly because MTSAT is a geostationary satellite, which achieves longer observation than the sun-synchronous TMI. The daily availability of TMI (28%-75%) is more constant than that of MTSAT (9%-93%). The signal of infrared sensors on MTSAT is easily disturbed on cloudy days. In contrast, the TMI microwave sensor can obtain information through clouds. Based on in-situ SSTs, the SST accuracy of TMI is superior to that of MTSAT. In 2008, the root mean square (RMS) error of TMI and MTSAT were 0.77 K and 0.84 K, respectively. The annual mean biases were 0.14 K (TMI) and -0.31 K (MTSAT). To attain a high availability of SSTs, we propose a fusion method to merge both SSTs. The annual mean availability of fusion SSTs increases 17% compared to MTSAT. In addition, the availabilities of the fusion SSTs become more constant. The annual mean RMS and bias of fusion SSTs (0.78 K and -0.06 K, respectively) are better than those of MTSAT (0.84 K and -0.31 K).
