A dynamic experimental apparatus to measure the instantaneous velocity and pressure in the multi-bypass pulse tube refrigerator (MPTR) was designed and constructed. Some theortant experimental results of the instantan...A dynamic experimental apparatus to measure the instantaneous velocity and pressure in the multi-bypass pulse tube refrigerator (MPTR) was designed and constructed. Some theortant experimental results of the instantaneous measurements of the velocity and the pressure in the MPTR with two-bypass tubes during actual operation are presented. The effects of the middle-bypass version on the dynamic pressure and mass flow rate at the cold end of the pulse tube are evaluated from experimental measurements.DC-flow phenomena are observed in this MPTR. The reasons of the multi-bypass version improved the performance of pulse tube refrigerator are given.展开更多
Gas-coupled Stirling-type pulse tube cryocooler(SPTC) is currently the most compact and simplest configuration among all types of cryocoolers, but it is challenging to achieve a very low temperature. This paper invest...Gas-coupled Stirling-type pulse tube cryocooler(SPTC) is currently the most compact and simplest configuration among all types of cryocoolers, but it is challenging to achieve a very low temperature. This paper investigates a gas-coupled SPTC which is capable of directly achieving a temperature of around 4 K. Theoretical analyses were performed based on SAGE to study the effects of employing one or more multi-bypass structures on apparent cooling performance, and internal working parameters. The simulation results indicate that the function of the multi-bypass is similar to that of a multi-stage gas-coupled structure, producing a pre-cooling effect on the lower-temperature section by increasing the acoustic power and the enthalpy flow in the pulse tube of the higher-temperature section. The cooperation of two multi-bypass structures can promote a higher enhancement of the cooling performance, but it is difficult to achieve the same cooling performance of a completely multi-stage gas-coupled SPTC due to weak phase-shifting capability and excessive reduction of the mass flow. Based on the model, the developed prototype has achieved a no-load temperature of 4.4 K, which shows the great potential of using a gas-coupled SPTC to obtain a cooling temperature below 4 K.展开更多
We designed and constructed a dynamic experimental apparatus to measure the instantaneous velocity and pressure in the multi-bypass pulse tube refrigerator with two-bypass tube. DC-flow phenomena are observed from exp...We designed and constructed a dynamic experimental apparatus to measure the instantaneous velocity and pressure in the multi-bypass pulse tube refrigerator with two-bypass tube. DC-flow phenomena are observed from experimental results. The reasons of multibypass version improved the performance of pulse tube refrigerator were given.展开更多
针对IP over WDM网络,基于多跳光旁路和流量疏导,以减少能耗为目标对网络链路配置进行设计;考虑多跳光旁路会增大业务传输距离的问题,分析了光路建立顺序对业务传输距离的影响;通过优先路由短距离业务和限制最大传输跳数来减少业务的平...针对IP over WDM网络,基于多跳光旁路和流量疏导,以减少能耗为目标对网络链路配置进行设计;考虑多跳光旁路会增大业务传输距离的问题,分析了光路建立顺序对业务传输距离的影响;通过优先路由短距离业务和限制最大传输跳数来减少业务的平均传输跳数。仿真结果表明,优先建立短距离光路的启发式算法与Dijkstra算法相比可以减少25%～55%的能耗,业务平均物理跳数与Dijkstra算法相差在1跳之内。展开更多
文摘A dynamic experimental apparatus to measure the instantaneous velocity and pressure in the multi-bypass pulse tube refrigerator (MPTR) was designed and constructed. Some theortant experimental results of the instantaneous measurements of the velocity and the pressure in the MPTR with two-bypass tubes during actual operation are presented. The effects of the middle-bypass version on the dynamic pressure and mass flow rate at the cold end of the pulse tube are evaluated from experimental measurements.DC-flow phenomena are observed in this MPTR. The reasons of the multi-bypass version improved the performance of pulse tube refrigerator are given.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018Y FB0504603)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U1831203)+2 种基金the Strategic Pilot Projects in Space Science of China(Grant No.XDA15010400)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.QYZDY-SSW-JSC028)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2019030)。
文摘Gas-coupled Stirling-type pulse tube cryocooler(SPTC) is currently the most compact and simplest configuration among all types of cryocoolers, but it is challenging to achieve a very low temperature. This paper investigates a gas-coupled SPTC which is capable of directly achieving a temperature of around 4 K. Theoretical analyses were performed based on SAGE to study the effects of employing one or more multi-bypass structures on apparent cooling performance, and internal working parameters. The simulation results indicate that the function of the multi-bypass is similar to that of a multi-stage gas-coupled structure, producing a pre-cooling effect on the lower-temperature section by increasing the acoustic power and the enthalpy flow in the pulse tube of the higher-temperature section. The cooperation of two multi-bypass structures can promote a higher enhancement of the cooling performance, but it is difficult to achieve the same cooling performance of a completely multi-stage gas-coupled SPTC due to weak phase-shifting capability and excessive reduction of the mass flow. Based on the model, the developed prototype has achieved a no-load temperature of 4.4 K, which shows the great potential of using a gas-coupled SPTC to obtain a cooling temperature below 4 K.
文摘We designed and constructed a dynamic experimental apparatus to measure the instantaneous velocity and pressure in the multi-bypass pulse tube refrigerator with two-bypass tube. DC-flow phenomena are observed from experimental results. The reasons of multibypass version improved the performance of pulse tube refrigerator were given.
文摘针对IP over WDM网络,基于多跳光旁路和流量疏导,以减少能耗为目标对网络链路配置进行设计;考虑多跳光旁路会增大业务传输距离的问题,分析了光路建立顺序对业务传输距离的影响;通过优先路由短距离业务和限制最大传输跳数来减少业务的平均传输跳数。仿真结果表明,优先建立短距离光路的启发式算法与Dijkstra算法相比可以减少25%～55%的能耗,业务平均物理跳数与Dijkstra算法相差在1跳之内。
