Mastitis is a complex, multifactorial disease. Pathogens, cows and farmers (via management) all play a role. It is costly and annoying for the farmer and threatens the image of the entire dairy industry. Prevention ...Mastitis is a complex, multifactorial disease. Pathogens, cows and farmers (via management) all play a role. It is costly and annoying for the farmer and threatens the image of the entire dairy industry. Prevention and control of mastitis is based on multiple principles that have been known for a long time. To implement them successfully, they should be put forward by a motivated and motivating advisor that transfers the existing knowledge to the farmer. When the changes are data-driven, applied by an encouraged farmer through a farm-specific implementation, prevention and control of mastitis will be successful and result in happy cows, happy farmers, happy advisors, happy consumers, and a happy industry. Nationwide projects focussing on communication and transfer of existing knowledge in prevention and control are very helpful in reaching high numbers of farmers and advisors and harmonizing the message brought by different parties. This paper gives an overview of multifactorial approach of mastitis management and prevention with a focus on milking, bedding and data-analysis.展开更多
Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a clinical syndrome as a common pathway at the end stage of cardiac diseases of different etiologies, and it is currently the only cardiovascular disease with an increasing prevalenc... Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a clinical syndrome as a common pathway at the end stage of cardiac diseases of different etiologies, and it is currently the only cardiovascular disease with an increasing prevalence in the developed countries. In the United States, the prevalence of CHF at age 50 years is 1.0%, whereas it reaches 7.5% at age 80years. In the United Kingdom, the prevalence of CHF is5.0% at age 60-70 years, and 10-20% at age 80 years. The situation is similar in Italy and Portugal. Despite being a developing country in Asia, China has experienced rapid progress in acquiring medical knowledge and advancing techniques in recent years. Due to the markedly declined mortality of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) as well as the aging of Chinese population, about four million Chinese have CHF with a prevalence of 0.9%, most of whom are 60 years of age and older.……展开更多
Objective:To analyze the syndrome characteristics in patients with chronic persistent asthma.Methods:365 patients(121 males,244 females,60.829.1 years old)with chronic persistent asthma were enrolled in this cross-sec...Objective:To analyze the syndrome characteristics in patients with chronic persistent asthma.Methods:365 patients(121 males,244 females,60.829.1 years old)with chronic persistent asthma were enrolled in this cross-sectional study.The information of syndrome,symptoms,signs,tongue coating and pulse were collected from all patients.The syndrome characteristics of chronic persistent asthma were examined through the multifactor dimensionality reduction(MDR)analysis and the results were verified by the Chi-square test.Results:The results of the MDR analysis and the Chi-square test showed the following positive correlation of the interaction among:the deficiency syndrome of the lung and spleen and deep pulse,disinclination to talk due to lack of qi,fatigue,lassitude and thick tongue coating;the deficiency syndrome of the lung and kidney and dizziness and disinclination to talk due to lack of qi,fatigue,lassitude and pallid complexion;the syndrome of phlegm-heat obstructing the lung and rapid pulse,abdominal distension,disinclination to talk due to lack of qi,frequent urination and lassitude;the syndrome of phlegm-dampness obstructing the lung and disinclination to talk due to lack of qi,greasy coating,fatigue and lassitude.(P<.05 for all).Conclusion:The syndrome of chronic persistent asthma is characterized by fatigue and lassitude due to dysfunction of the lung,spleen and kidney.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to explore the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP)in the matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP-2)signaling pathway and the risk of vascular senescence(VS).Methods In this cross-sect...Objective This study aimed to explore the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP)in the matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP-2)signaling pathway and the risk of vascular senescence(VS).Methods In this cross-sectional study,between May and November 2022,peripheral venous blood of151 VS patients(case group)and 233 volunteers(control group)were collected.Fourteen SNPs were identified in five genes encoding the components of the MMP-2 signaling pathway,assessed through carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity(cf PWV),and analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.The multigene influence on the risk of VS was assessed using multifactor dimensionality reduction(MDR)and generalized multifactor dimensionality regression(GMDR)modeling.Results Within the multivariate logistic regression models,four SNPs were screened to have significant associations with VS:chemokine(C-C motif)ligand 2(CCL2)rs4586,MMP2 rs14070,MMP2rs7201,and MMP2 rs1053605.Carriers of the T/C genotype of MMP2 rs14070 had a 2.17-fold increased risk of developing VS compared with those of the C/C genotype,and those of the T/T genotype had a19.375-fold increased risk.CCL2 rs4586 and MMP-2 rs14070 exhibited the most significant interactions.Conclusion CCL2 rs4586,MMP-2 rs14070,MMP-2 rs7201,and MMP-2 rs1053605 polymorphisms were significantly associated with the risk of VS.展开更多
针对某航天电子管壳焊接组件冷却过程中的热力耦合影响问题,建立了焊接组件的有限元热分析模型,研究了在快速冷却过程中梯度材料分布对低温共烧陶瓷(low temperature co-fired ceramic,LTCC)基板、梯度管壳的残余应力和变形的影响。以...针对某航天电子管壳焊接组件冷却过程中的热力耦合影响问题,建立了焊接组件的有限元热分析模型,研究了在快速冷却过程中梯度材料分布对低温共烧陶瓷(low temperature co-fired ceramic,LTCC)基板、梯度管壳的残余应力和变形的影响。以不超过基板断裂强度为前提条件,以降低管壳整体的残余应力与变形为优化目标,采用了多因素变换优选法,确定了管壳材料的最优梯度分布方案,即合金管壳自上而下的梯度分布为Al-35Si、Al-42Si、Al-50Si、Al-60Si、Al-70Si。其中,Al-35Si厚度为2.5mm,Al-42Si与Al-60Si的厚度均为1.6mm,Al-50Si厚度为0.8mm,Al-70Si厚度为2mm。在该方案下,LTCC基板冷却至室温时的最大变形量为4.86μm,最大第一主应力为6761MPa,远小于LTCC材料的断裂强度320MPa;管壳冷却至室温时的最大变形量为18.291μm,最大残余应力值为20.46MPa,远小于管壳材料的屈服强度100MPa。管壳各层之间的应力集中现象不明显,管壳的整体焊接质量得到提升。展开更多
A computer-assisted advanced simplex method is presented for the simultaneous optimization of multifactor (stationary phase loading, carrier gas dow rate and column temperature) for separation of ten compounds in gas ...A computer-assisted advanced simplex method is presented for the simultaneous optimization of multifactor (stationary phase loading, carrier gas dow rate and column temperature) for separation of ten compounds in gas chromatography. A three factors factorial design was used. The method was based on a special polynomial established from fifteen preliminary runs, using resolution as the selection criterion, with connection to a general simplex method. Excellent agreement is found between the predicted data and the experimental results, and most of experiments required in the general simplex method can be omitted.展开更多
Bond portfolio immunization is a classical issue in finance. Since Macaulaygave the concept of duration in 1938, many scholars proposed different kinds of duration immunization models. In the literature of bond portfo...Bond portfolio immunization is a classical issue in finance. Since Macaulaygave the concept of duration in 1938, many scholars proposed different kinds of duration immunization models. In the literature of bond portfolio immunization usingmultifactor model, to the best of our knowledge, researchers only use the first-orderimmunization, which is usually called as duration immunization, and no one hasconsidered second-order effects in immunization, which is well known as “convexity” in the case of single-factor model. In this paper, we introduce the second-orderinformation associated with multifactor model into bond portfolio immunization andreformulate the corresponding problems as tractable semidefinite programs. Bothsimulation analysis and empirical study show that the second-order immunization strategies exhibit more accurate approximation to the value change of bonds and thusresult in better immunization performance.展开更多
Nighttime sap flow(Q_(n))is an important physiological activity under which trees manage drought stress.An in-depth understanding of the characteristics of Q_(n)and its response to environmental and canopy conditions ...Nighttime sap flow(Q_(n))is an important physiological activity under which trees manage drought stress.An in-depth understanding of the characteristics of Q_(n)and its response to environmental and canopy conditions are of significance for arid area forest and water management.This study measured daily sap flow(Q_(s))of a Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation in the Liupan Mountains,northwest China during the 2017-2019 growing seasons,and separated Q_(s)into daytime sap flow(Qd)and Q_(n).Meteorological conditions(reference evapotranspiration,ETref),canopy structure(leaf area index,LAI),and soil moisture(relative soil water content,RSWC)were considered as the main biophysical factors affecting Q_(n).The structural equation model and upper boundary line method determined the effects of compound and single factors on Q_(n)The daily mean Q_(n)values during the growing seasons in 2017,2018,and 2019 were 0.024,0.026,and 0.030 mm d-1,accounting for 6.2,11.2,and 10.1%of Q_(s),respectively.Q_(n)at different canopy development phases(leaf expanding,LG;leaf expanded,LD;and defoliation,DF)over three years was LD>LG>DF.Q_(n)increased with increasing ETref,whereas the ratio of Q_(n)to Q_(s)decreased.Q_(n)did not show regular variation in the three-year growing seasons under different soil moisture conditions.ETrefand LAI mainly controlled Q_(n)by affecting Qd,whereas RSWC had no significant effect on Q_(n).Q_(n)had a positive and linear relationship with LAI and a quadratic relationship with ETref.Both explained 40%of variation in Q_(n)Meteorological and canopy conditions are important factors affecting Q_(n)on the semi-humid study site.The application of the Q_(n)model coupled with the impact of ETrefand LAI furthers understanding of the impacts of climate and forest structure change on Q_(n).展开更多
The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura(Hemiptera: Aphididae), is one of the greatest threats to soybean production, and both trend analysis and periodic analysis of its population dynamics are important for integ...The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura(Hemiptera: Aphididae), is one of the greatest threats to soybean production, and both trend analysis and periodic analysis of its population dynamics are important for integrated pest management(IPM). Based on systematically investigating soybean aphid populations in the field from 2018 to 2020, this study adopted the inverse logistic model for the first time, and combined it with the classical logistic model to describe the changes in seasonal population abundance from colonization to extinction in the field. Then, the increasing and decreasing phases of the population fluctuation were divided by calculating the inflection points of the models, which exhibited distinct seasonal trends of the soybean aphid populations in each year. In addition, multifactor logistic models were then established for the first time, in which the abundance of soybean aphids in the field changed with time and relevant environmental conditions. This model enabled the prediction of instantaneous aphid abundance at a given time based on relevant meteorological data. Taken as a whole, the successful approaches implemented in this study could be used to build a theoretical framework for practical IPM strategies for controlling soybean aphids.展开更多
文摘Mastitis is a complex, multifactorial disease. Pathogens, cows and farmers (via management) all play a role. It is costly and annoying for the farmer and threatens the image of the entire dairy industry. Prevention and control of mastitis is based on multiple principles that have been known for a long time. To implement them successfully, they should be put forward by a motivated and motivating advisor that transfers the existing knowledge to the farmer. When the changes are data-driven, applied by an encouraged farmer through a farm-specific implementation, prevention and control of mastitis will be successful and result in happy cows, happy farmers, happy advisors, happy consumers, and a happy industry. Nationwide projects focussing on communication and transfer of existing knowledge in prevention and control are very helpful in reaching high numbers of farmers and advisors and harmonizing the message brought by different parties. This paper gives an overview of multifactorial approach of mastitis management and prevention with a focus on milking, bedding and data-analysis.
文摘 Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a clinical syndrome as a common pathway at the end stage of cardiac diseases of different etiologies, and it is currently the only cardiovascular disease with an increasing prevalence in the developed countries. In the United States, the prevalence of CHF at age 50 years is 1.0%, whereas it reaches 7.5% at age 80years. In the United Kingdom, the prevalence of CHF is5.0% at age 60-70 years, and 10-20% at age 80 years. The situation is similar in Italy and Portugal. Despite being a developing country in Asia, China has experienced rapid progress in acquiring medical knowledge and advancing techniques in recent years. Due to the markedly declined mortality of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) as well as the aging of Chinese population, about four million Chinese have CHF with a prevalence of 0.9%, most of whom are 60 years of age and older.……
基金This project is supported by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.7-21).
文摘Objective:To analyze the syndrome characteristics in patients with chronic persistent asthma.Methods:365 patients(121 males,244 females,60.829.1 years old)with chronic persistent asthma were enrolled in this cross-sectional study.The information of syndrome,symptoms,signs,tongue coating and pulse were collected from all patients.The syndrome characteristics of chronic persistent asthma were examined through the multifactor dimensionality reduction(MDR)analysis and the results were verified by the Chi-square test.Results:The results of the MDR analysis and the Chi-square test showed the following positive correlation of the interaction among:the deficiency syndrome of the lung and spleen and deep pulse,disinclination to talk due to lack of qi,fatigue,lassitude and thick tongue coating;the deficiency syndrome of the lung and kidney and dizziness and disinclination to talk due to lack of qi,fatigue,lassitude and pallid complexion;the syndrome of phlegm-heat obstructing the lung and rapid pulse,abdominal distension,disinclination to talk due to lack of qi,frequent urination and lassitude;the syndrome of phlegm-dampness obstructing the lung and disinclination to talk due to lack of qi,greasy coating,fatigue and lassitude.(P<.05 for all).Conclusion:The syndrome of chronic persistent asthma is characterized by fatigue and lassitude due to dysfunction of the lung,spleen and kidney.
基金supported by the Construction of Prevention and Treatment System of Geriatric Syndromes Focusing on Disability and Dementia(No.21-1-2-2-zyyd-nsh)。
文摘Objective This study aimed to explore the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP)in the matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP-2)signaling pathway and the risk of vascular senescence(VS).Methods In this cross-sectional study,between May and November 2022,peripheral venous blood of151 VS patients(case group)and 233 volunteers(control group)were collected.Fourteen SNPs were identified in five genes encoding the components of the MMP-2 signaling pathway,assessed through carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity(cf PWV),and analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.The multigene influence on the risk of VS was assessed using multifactor dimensionality reduction(MDR)and generalized multifactor dimensionality regression(GMDR)modeling.Results Within the multivariate logistic regression models,four SNPs were screened to have significant associations with VS:chemokine(C-C motif)ligand 2(CCL2)rs4586,MMP2 rs14070,MMP2rs7201,and MMP2 rs1053605.Carriers of the T/C genotype of MMP2 rs14070 had a 2.17-fold increased risk of developing VS compared with those of the C/C genotype,and those of the T/T genotype had a19.375-fold increased risk.CCL2 rs4586 and MMP-2 rs14070 exhibited the most significant interactions.Conclusion CCL2 rs4586,MMP-2 rs14070,MMP-2 rs7201,and MMP-2 rs1053605 polymorphisms were significantly associated with the risk of VS.
文摘针对某航天电子管壳焊接组件冷却过程中的热力耦合影响问题,建立了焊接组件的有限元热分析模型,研究了在快速冷却过程中梯度材料分布对低温共烧陶瓷(low temperature co-fired ceramic,LTCC)基板、梯度管壳的残余应力和变形的影响。以不超过基板断裂强度为前提条件,以降低管壳整体的残余应力与变形为优化目标,采用了多因素变换优选法,确定了管壳材料的最优梯度分布方案,即合金管壳自上而下的梯度分布为Al-35Si、Al-42Si、Al-50Si、Al-60Si、Al-70Si。其中,Al-35Si厚度为2.5mm,Al-42Si与Al-60Si的厚度均为1.6mm,Al-50Si厚度为0.8mm,Al-70Si厚度为2mm。在该方案下,LTCC基板冷却至室温时的最大变形量为4.86μm,最大第一主应力为6761MPa,远小于LTCC材料的断裂强度320MPa;管壳冷却至室温时的最大变形量为18.291μm,最大残余应力值为20.46MPa,远小于管壳材料的屈服强度100MPa。管壳各层之间的应力集中现象不明显,管壳的整体焊接质量得到提升。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘A computer-assisted advanced simplex method is presented for the simultaneous optimization of multifactor (stationary phase loading, carrier gas dow rate and column temperature) for separation of ten compounds in gas chromatography. A three factors factorial design was used. The method was based on a special polynomial established from fifteen preliminary runs, using resolution as the selection criterion, with connection to a general simplex method. Excellent agreement is found between the predicted data and the experimental results, and most of experiments required in the general simplex method can be omitted.
基金This research is partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.71471180 and 71571062).
文摘Bond portfolio immunization is a classical issue in finance. Since Macaulaygave the concept of duration in 1938, many scholars proposed different kinds of duration immunization models. In the literature of bond portfolio immunization usingmultifactor model, to the best of our knowledge, researchers only use the first-orderimmunization, which is usually called as duration immunization, and no one hasconsidered second-order effects in immunization, which is well known as “convexity” in the case of single-factor model. In this paper, we introduce the second-orderinformation associated with multifactor model into bond portfolio immunization andreformulate the corresponding problems as tractable semidefinite programs. Bothsimulation analysis and empirical study show that the second-order immunization strategies exhibit more accurate approximation to the value change of bonds and thusresult in better immunization performance.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41971038U20A2085+3 种基金32171559U21A2005)the Fundamental Research Funds of CAF(CAFYBB2020QB004CAFYBB2021ZW002)。
文摘Nighttime sap flow(Q_(n))is an important physiological activity under which trees manage drought stress.An in-depth understanding of the characteristics of Q_(n)and its response to environmental and canopy conditions are of significance for arid area forest and water management.This study measured daily sap flow(Q_(s))of a Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation in the Liupan Mountains,northwest China during the 2017-2019 growing seasons,and separated Q_(s)into daytime sap flow(Qd)and Q_(n).Meteorological conditions(reference evapotranspiration,ETref),canopy structure(leaf area index,LAI),and soil moisture(relative soil water content,RSWC)were considered as the main biophysical factors affecting Q_(n).The structural equation model and upper boundary line method determined the effects of compound and single factors on Q_(n)The daily mean Q_(n)values during the growing seasons in 2017,2018,and 2019 were 0.024,0.026,and 0.030 mm d-1,accounting for 6.2,11.2,and 10.1%of Q_(s),respectively.Q_(n)at different canopy development phases(leaf expanding,LG;leaf expanded,LD;and defoliation,DF)over three years was LD>LG>DF.Q_(n)increased with increasing ETref,whereas the ratio of Q_(n)to Q_(s)decreased.Q_(n)did not show regular variation in the three-year growing seasons under different soil moisture conditions.ETrefand LAI mainly controlled Q_(n)by affecting Qd,whereas RSWC had no significant effect on Q_(n).Q_(n)had a positive and linear relationship with LAI and a quadratic relationship with ETref.Both explained 40%of variation in Q_(n)Meteorological and canopy conditions are important factors affecting Q_(n)on the semi-humid study site.The application of the Q_(n)model coupled with the impact of ETrefand LAI furthers understanding of the impacts of climate and forest structure change on Q_(n).
基金supported by the Chinese National Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201003025 and 201103022)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD0201004)the Discipline Construction Project of Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China (2019DD082612)。
文摘The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura(Hemiptera: Aphididae), is one of the greatest threats to soybean production, and both trend analysis and periodic analysis of its population dynamics are important for integrated pest management(IPM). Based on systematically investigating soybean aphid populations in the field from 2018 to 2020, this study adopted the inverse logistic model for the first time, and combined it with the classical logistic model to describe the changes in seasonal population abundance from colonization to extinction in the field. Then, the increasing and decreasing phases of the population fluctuation were divided by calculating the inflection points of the models, which exhibited distinct seasonal trends of the soybean aphid populations in each year. In addition, multifactor logistic models were then established for the first time, in which the abundance of soybean aphids in the field changed with time and relevant environmental conditions. This model enabled the prediction of instantaneous aphid abundance at a given time based on relevant meteorological data. Taken as a whole, the successful approaches implemented in this study could be used to build a theoretical framework for practical IPM strategies for controlling soybean aphids.