Two-dimensional multimetallic sulfide nanosheets with multi-active sites to enhance polysulfide redox reactions in liquid Li2S6-based lithium-polysulfide batteries

The lithium-sulfur battery has attracted enormous attention as being one of the most significant energy storage technologies due to its high energy density and cost-effectiveness.However,the "shuttle effect" of polysulfide intermediates represents a formidable challenge towards its wide applications.Herein,we have designed and synthesized two-dimensional Cu,Zn and Sn-based multimetallic sulfide nanosheets to construct multi-active sites for the immobilization and entrapment of polysulfides with offering better performance in liquid Li2S6-based lithium-polysulfide batteries.Both experimental measurements and theoretical computations demonstrate that the interfacial multi-active sites of multimetallic sulfides not only accelerate the multi-chained redox reactions of highly diffusible polysulfides,but also strengthen affinities toward polysulfides.By adopting multimetallic sulfide nanosheets as the sulfur host,the liquid Li2 S6-based cell exhibits an impressive rate capability with 1200 mAh/g and retains 580 mAh/g at 0.5 mA/cm^(2) after 1000 cycles.With high sulfur mass loading conditions,the cell with 2.0 mg/cm^(2) sulfur loading delivers a cell capacity of 1068 mAh/g and maintains 480 mAh/g with 0.8 mA/cm^(2) and 500 cycles.This study provides new insights into the multifunctional material design with multi-active sites for elevated lithium-polysulfide batteries.

Comparison of Minerogenic Conditions in Jiawula Multimetal Deposit in China with Uran Multimetal Deposit in Mongolia

The paper expounds the metallogenic characterist ic s of Jiawula multimetals deposit in China and Uran multimetals deposit in Mongol ia. Comparative study shows that both deposits are volcanic hydrothermal mineral ization with same epoch(Mesozoic), same source, same temperature, and same miner al assemblage, but volcanic structure are different. Therefore, both deposits ca n draw on experience of each other and supplement in future of second time ore- prospecting, and point out the new direction of ore-prospecting.

Synergistic coupling of Ni_(3)ZnC_(0.7)decorated with homogeneous multimetal CoNiCuFe nitrogen-codoped carbon matrix as high-entropy catalysts for efficient overall water splitting

Due to unique electrical properties and high catalytic efficiency,transition metal nitrogen-codoped car-bide(TM-N-C)has attracted tremendous interest as a multifunctional electrocatalyst for water splitting.Unlike traditional single-source modification,herein a novel pomegranate-like high-entropy(HE)elec-trocatalyst of Ni_(3)ZnC_(0.7)decorated with homogeneous multimetal(Fe,Co,Cu,and Ni)nitrogen-codoped carbon matrix(Ni_(3)ZnC_(0.7)@CoNiCuFe-NC)is reported.It can be implemented by the simple thermal an-nealing method of multimetal codoped zeolitic imidazolate framework(ZIF).Benefiting from the syn-ergistic effects of plentiful TM-N-C species,template effect of ZIF and distinct nanoporous structure,HE electrocatalyst Ni_(3)ZnC_(0.7)@CoNiCuFe-NC exhibits outstanding electrocatalytic performance.When ap-plied in strong alkaline electrolyte(1.0 M KOH),the overpotentials of Ni_(3)ZnC_(0.7)@CoNiCuFe-NC present as low as 202 and 97 mV for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)at 10 mA cm^(−2)current density.Surprisingly as a bifunctional electrode,it can achieve the low cell voltage of 1.53 V at 10 mA cm^(−2)current density for overall water splitting,which is comparable to conventional IrO_(2)||Pt/C electrode and superior to the recently reported analogous bifunctional catalysts.Thus,the work proposes the direction for the rational design of homogeneous distribution of TM-N-C material for water splitting in the green hydrogen energy industry.

Melting mechanisms of Pt-based multimetallic spherical nanoparticles by molecular dynamics simulation

The melting mechanisms of Pt-based multimetallic nanoparticles(NPs)are important to help determine their optimal melting processes.To understand the melting and coalescence behaviors of heterogeneous NPs(Pd-Pt NPs)with various sizes and compositions,molecular dynamics(MD)simulation was employed.The MD results for larger Pd-Pt NPs with an effective diameter of4.6-7.8 nm show that PtPd alloy can form at Pd/Pt interface before Pd NP melted completely,while for Pt-core/Pdshell NP and Pd-core/Pt-shell NP,PtPd alloy formed only after Pd portion melted completely.For smaller Pd-Pt NPs with an effective diameter of 2.5-4.0 nm,PdPt alloy is not formed until both Pd and Pt NPs melted completely.Besides,the coalescence process of Pd-Pt NPs depends on the melting temperature of Pt NP when Pt composition is higher than 20 at%.Furthermore,the melting mechanisms of Pd/Pt/Ir trimetallic NPs are investigated.A two-step melting process occurs in Pd-Pt-Ir NPs and Ir-core/Ptshell/Pd-shell NP,and the melting sequence of Pd-core/Ptshell/Ir-shell NP and Pt-core/Pd-shell/Ir-shell NP is different from Pd/Pt bimetallic NPs.

PtCo-based nanocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction:Recent highlights on synthesis strategy and catalytic mechanism

Oxygen reduction reaction over Pt-based catalyst is one of the most significant cathode reactions in fuel cells.However,low reserves and high price of Pt have motivated researchers worldwide seeking enhanced utilization efficiency and durability by doping non-noble metals to form Pt-based alloy catalysts.Alloying Pt with Co has been recognized as one of the most effective approaches to achieve this goal.PtCo bimetal combination is one of the most promising candidates to synthesize highly efficient catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)applications,owing to its relatively more suitable oxygen binding energy for four-electron transfer reactions.Recently,impressive strategies have been developed to fabricate more active and stable PtCo-based multimetallic alloys with tailorable size and morphology.This paper aims to summarize the most recent highlights on the study of the relationship between preparation strategies,morphologies,electroactivities of the PtCo-based catalyst at atomic level and further the relevant reaction mechanism.The challenges and opportunities on the further development of electrocatalysts for fuel cells are included to provide reference for the practical application.

中国多金属结核开辟区沉积物地球化学特征

对中国多金属结核开辟区沉积物的详细研究表明 ,研究区内沉积物处于氧化至弱氧化环境 ,两种色调的沉积物在粒度分布特征以及化学组成上都存在着显著的差异 ,它们是不同沉积环境的反应 .不同色调之间的界面为一沉积间断面 .沉积物中的铁和锰具有不同的来源 ,铁可能以岩源碎屑为主 ,而锰则更可能是自生成因 .钙和镁以生物成因为主 .

微生物浸出深海多金属结核中有价金属

对氧化亚铁硫杆菌浸出深海多金属结核中有价金属的可行性进行了实验，着重研究 了矿浆浓度、接种量、温度、浸出过程中ｐＨ值对结核中有价金属钴和镍浸出率的影响，同时对 氧化亚铁硫杆菌进行了驯化．实验表明：采用Ｌｅａｔｈｅｎ培养基，加入适量黄铁矿作为菌种的营养 基质和浸出过程中的还原剂，多金属结核，在常温、酸性环境下，可直接浸出金属铜、钻、镍、锰 和铁．

中国多金属结核开辟区沉积物中微量元素地球化学特征

分析了中国多金属结核开辟区沉积物中Ba、Ce、Co、Cr、Cu、Mo、Ni、Sr、V、Y和Zn等11个微量元素的含量。研究表明,开辟区沉积物中微量元素在不同沉积单元中的分布特征存在明显差异,反映了地质历史上沉积环境的不同。沉积物中的Zn、Ni与Mn具有共同来源,反映铁锰氧化物、氢氧化物对这些元素的吸附控制作用;Sr、Ba以及Ce和Y等元素在东区主要与岩源碎屑有关,而西区则主要来自生物碎屑;Cu具有多种来源,东区主要与生物组分和岩源碎屑有关,西区则主要与自生铁锰氧化物的吸附有关。而通常认为与有机物有关的Cr、V等元素在研究区内则主要来自岩源碎屑。

华北地台北缘中段银多金属矿床与火山岩

该区的银多金属矿床在空间上受前中生代基底东西向深大断裂和中生代的北东向构造岩浆带控制,由东向西构成北东—东西向带状分布的银多金属矿带集中区。其成矿与中元古代和中生代火山活动关系密切;即中元古代大红峪碱性玄武岩,中生代的酸性偏碱性火山岩。古元古代的变粒岩、中、新元古代的沉积岩中的特定层位和中生代燕山期张家口旋回火山岩具有矿源层特征。根据地质地球化学特征,提出该区存在四类银多金属矿床的认识。

微生物浸出深海多金属结核中有价金属

对微生物浸出深海多金属结核中有价金属进行了初步探索 ,并考察了氧化亚铁硫杆菌浸出结核中有价金属的工艺条件 :矿浆浓度、浸出过程中pH、接种量、浸出过程中的温度和还原剂 ,同时对氧化亚铁硫杆菌进行了驯化。菌体的直接作用是结核中有价金属浸出的关键。实验证明 :用氧化亚铁硫杆菌 ,采用Leathen培养基和染料污水制成的混合培养基 ,黄铁矿为菌种的营养基质和浸出过程中的还原剂 ,多金属结核无需干燥、磨细 ,在常温、酸性环境下 ,可直接浸出金属铜、钴、镍、锰和铁。浸出 9天 ,浸出率为钴 95 92 % ,镍 93 95 % ,锰 93 97% ,铜 5 3 35 % ,锌 6 6 13 %、钼 15 13%、铁 2 4 73%(浸液 )。可降低污水中的BOD、SS、色度、总磷、总氮的含量 ,浸出后的废渣可作微生物固定化载体 。

中国多金属结核开辟区间隙水中铜、锰、镍的分布规律

通过对东北太平洋海域中国多金属结核开辟区沉积物间隙水中铜、锰、镍等微量元素的详细研究表明,锰主要受沉积环境的影响,其含量的变化范围在0.16～8.61μg/dm^3之间;铜和镍则主要与表层海水的初级生产力有关,研究区内间隙水中铜和镍含量的变化范围分别为0.16～20.8和0.80～3.12μg/dm^3,且这些元素在沉积物—水界面处均存在最大浓度梯度.利用“Fick扩散定律”计算表明,锰在研究区主要是从上覆海水向沉积物扩散,是沉积物中锰的主要来源之一;而铜和镍则是从沉积物向上覆海水扩散,是底层海水中铜和镍的主要来源。与表层海水中铜和镍向底层海水的输送通量计算结果相比,底层海水中铜和镍的含量主要受沉积物的控制.

连续重整新型铂锡催化剂的表观烧炭动力学

研究了某进口连续重整新型铂锡催化剂的烧炭动力学，求得了再生烧炭的表观动力学方程及其有关的动力学参数，并与Ｒ－３２催化剂的烧炭动力学进行了对比。结果表明，该催化剂的烧炭速度与碳含量成０．４５级关系，与氧分压成０．５５级关系；由于该催化剂比Ｒ－３２催化剂铂含量低２１．６％，所以烧炭反应速度常数较小，但烧炭速度与氧分压的级数关系相当。在催化剂碳含量为５％，再生温度为５００℃的同等条件下，该催化剂烧尽焦炭所需时间是Ｒ－３２催化剂的１．８８倍。

湖南黄沙坪铅锌矿多金属矿床构造控矿特征及成矿浅析

根据黄沙坪铅锌矿床形成地质背景，成矿地质特点，矿床地球化学特征。该矿床是以包括花岗质岩浆作用在内的多种成矿作用共同控制再造富集型的多因复成矿床。区内的燕山期花岗斑岩、花斑岩侵入体的内外接触带的接触构造和南北向各迭加断裂与铅锌矿化关系最为密切。

思茅大平掌铜多金属矿床地质特征及成矿机制

大平掌铜矿属火山成因铜多金属矿床。主矿体———浸染状矿体为次火山热液型 ,受英安岩等组成的火山穹窿构造及隐爆角砾岩筒构造所控制 ,赋存部位为火山管道之隐爆角砾 次火山岩相 ;块状矿体是在D2 ～C1海相火山喷发时期形成 ,受后期构造及火山 次火山岩体侵位破坏 ,呈角砾状分布在构造破碎带中。

大瑶山北侧铜多金属矿成矿及构造地球化学找矿

北东向深大断裂成矿前生成,控制岩浆岩侵入及成矿带展布,多期次构造、岩浆活动,提供成矿物质及其活化热源。矿床具典型的水平垂向分布规律。应用构造地球化学方法找矿效果显著。

天宝山铜铅锌多金属矿提高铜回收率的试验研究

对天宝山铜铅锌多金属矿矿石性质和浮选工艺流程及药剂制度进行了研究,结果表明:选矿过程中注意适当细磨,且严格控制浮选pH值,铜回收率即可得到大幅度提高。

索尔库都克-哈腊苏铜钼金多金属矿集区成矿规律

总结矿集区不同矿种、不同成因类型矿床的基本特征,研究矿床成矿规律,认为成矿集中在海西期,矿床形成先后顺序从早到晚为依次为:乔夏哈拉铁铜金矿、哈腊苏铜金(钼)矿、希勒库都克铜钼矿、沙尔布拉克金矿、喀拉通克铜镍矿、索尔库都克铜钼矿。且具有成带分布、分段集中,地层、构造、岩体控矿,张裂成矿的特点。

DMFC阳极多元合金催化剂的研究进展

介绍了直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)阳极Pt基三元、四元合金催化剂和非Pt基催化剂的制备方法,综述了甲醇催化氧化性能和相关反应机理的发展现状,讨论了DMFC多元合金电催化剂的发展趋势,研究结果表明,不同的合金组成和不同的催化剂载体对阳极催化剂的催化活性有着直接的影响。

大洋多金属结核资源开发的回顾与展望

在世界大洋海底表层，蕴藏着极其丰富的多金属结核资源，其中含有Cu、Co、Ni、Mn等多金属元素，是人类的远景资源。本文介绍了《联合国海洋法公约》中有关国际海底开发制度，总结了30年来世界大洋结核资源的开发现状和中国“八五”期间所取得的成果，指出只有在结核金属价格行情看好，大洋采矿设备具有足够的可靠性时，结核开采才具有竞争力。