Clinical study of applying fructose-1,6-diphosphate and captopril to enhance the protective effects of cardioplegia solution on ischemic myocardium

In the present experiment,fructose-1,6-diphosphate（FDP）and captopril（Cap）wereadded to the cold potassium cardioplegia solution and the levels of malondialdehyde（MDA）,cre-atine phosphokinase MB（CPK-MB）,thromboxane B（TXB2）and 6-keto-PGF1α in plasma weremeasured during open-heart surgery.Quantitative study of myocardial ultrastructure and obser-vation of cardiac resuscitation were also undertaken.The findings suggested that FDP,especiallywhen combined with Cap could significantly strengthen the protective effects of cold potassiumcardioplegia solution on ischemic myocardium.

IMPLANTATION OF AUTOLOGOUS BONE MARROW MONONUCLEAR CELLS INTO ISCHEMIC MYOCARDIUM ENHANCES CORONARY CAPILLARIES AND SYSTOLIC FUNCTION IN MINISWINE

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effectiveness of intracoronary implantation of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNC) in miniswine model of reperfused myocardial infarction. Methods Sixteen miniswine myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury models made by ligation of the distal one third segment of left anterior descending artery for 90 minutes were randomized into 2 groups. In BM-MNC group (n = 9), (3.54±0.90)×108 BM-MNC were intracoronary injected, and in the control group (n = 7), phosphate buffered saline was injected by the same way. Echocardiographic and hemodynamic results, vessel density, and myocardial infarction size were evaluated and compared before and 4 weeks after cell transplantation. Results In BM-MNC group, there were no differences between before and 4 weeks after transplantation in aspects of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), interventricular septal thickness, left ventricular lateral and anterior septal wall thickness, cardiac output, or +dp/dtmax. In control group, LVEF, interventricular septal thickness, left ventricular lateral and anterior septal wall thickness, cardiac output, and +dp/dtmax decreased significantly 4 weeks after transplantation (P < 0.05). Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and –dp/dtmax did not change significantly before and after cell transplantation in both groups. Capillary density in BM-MNC group was greater than that in control group [(13.39 ± 6.96)/high power field vs. (3.50 ± 1.90)/high power field, P < 0.05]. Infarction area assessed by tetrazolium red staining and the infarction percentage decreased in BM-MNC group compared with those in control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Transplantation of BM-MNC into myocardium with ischemic reperfusion injury increases capillary density and decreases infarction area. It has significantly beneficial effect on cardiac systolic function rather than on diastolic function.

Effect of protective myocardium by allitridum from decreasing apoptosis in rats with ischemia/reperfusion injury

Objective: Previous studies have shown t hat allitridum can protect myocardium from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, bu t whether allitridum had the effect of anti-apoptosis is unclear. The aim of th is study was to investigate whether allitridum had the effects of pharmacologica l preconditioning and decreasing myocardium apoptosis after ischemic insult. Methods: Pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats underwent 30 min of left anterior descending (LAD) coronary occlusion foll owed by 120 min of reperfusion. Thirty-six rats were divided into three groups randomly: Control group, I/R group and allitridum (G) group. The control and I/R groups with saline, G group with allitridum were administrated 24 h before oper ation. Control group underwent only sham operation; the other two groups underwe nt I/R operation. Infarcted size (IS/AAR %) was measured in I/R and G groups. Ma londialdehyde (MDA), Creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB (CK-MB ), Superoxide dismuta se (SOD)and the apoptosis index (AI) by TUNEL staining were measured in each gro up. In addition, DNA fragmentation by agarose gel electrophoresis was conducted on DNA isolated from these groups. Results: Allitridum p retreatm ent decreased the infarcted size compared with I/R group in IS/ AAR%[(21.85±1. 49)% vs. ( 44.65±4.65)%, P<0.01], CK-MB [(986.40±94.01) vs. (2044.2 5±1 07.28) U/L, P<0.01] and MDA [(3.26±0.35) vs. (4.96±0.46) nmol/mg pro, P<0.01], and SOD level in G group was higher than that of I/R group [(140 .20±12.89)vs. (73.16±11.22) U/mg pro, P<0.01]. AI of I/R group was highe r than that of G group [(13.99±3.05)% vs. (6.97±1.23)%, P<0.01], which was consistent with that in DNA fragmentation by agarose gel electrophoresis. Conclusion: This study indicated that allitridum had the effect of protecting myocardium against I/R injury and decreasing infarcted zone. The e ffect was probably through decreasing myocardium apoptosis in I/R injury.

THE EFFECT OF ACUTE MYOCARDIUM ISCHEMIC ON HEART FUNCTION OF PREGNANCY RAT

Objective To investigate the effect of acute myocardium ischemic on heart function of pregnancy rat. Methods 13 female SD rats and 6 early pregnancy rats were divided into normal group, unpregnant group with acute myocardial infarction and early pregnant group with acute myocardial infarction. The anterior branch of the left coronary artery was ligated. 3 weeks later, Image 1.31 software was used to measure areas of myocardial infarction, and to evaluate hemodynamics of heart with powerLAB4.12, and cardiac tissues were stained with Massion. Results Compared with unpregnant group with acute myocardial infarction , the early pregnant group with acute myocardial infarction had less myocardial infarction area (28.86% vs. 36.8%),and had a higher left ventricle end systolic pressure, ±dp/dt _ max , and lower left ventricle end diastolic pressure. Massion stain showed the amount of collagen of the lesion was less in the early pregnant group with acute myocardial infarction than that in unpregnant group. Conclusion The early pregnant group with acute myocardial infarction had better heart contractive and diastolic function .

利用同化资料改进WRF-Chem对华北地区秋季PM_(2.5)预报的研究

气溶胶初始场同化能够提高WRF-Chem气象-气溶胶耦合预报的准确度。为了讨论气溶胶同化在不同时刻对耦合模式预报的影响,针对2015年10月一次重度霾污染过程,进行了一天4个不同时刻的气象-气溶胶联合同化及短时预报试验研究。结果表明,在同化气象资料的基础上同化气溶胶观测资料能够改善不确定性较大的排放源清单带来的模拟高估问题,减小初始场PM_(2.5)的正偏差;随着初始场PM_(2.5)浓度的下降,气溶胶导致的地面辐射的下降减弱,使得日间时刻6 h预报场的向下短波辐射量增加;日间近地面温度和湿度对辐射量变化的响应(增温减湿)呈现为在空间大面积上的重合和时间上的同步,这种响应在循环滚动预报的影响下即使在夜间也得到了延续;近地面增温减湿的结构有助于边界层向上发展,从而促进气溶胶的向上传输,最终进一步减弱预报场对地表PM_(2.5)的高估。因此,气溶胶同化带来的初始场PM_(2.5)信息的改善,使得6 h耦合预报的结果更加准确。

Synthesis Hexadecyl 3-{4-[2-Hydroxy-3(isopropylamino)propoxy] phenyl}propionate as Potential Ligand for Liposome Targeting to Ischemic Myocardium

Novel hexadecyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3(isopropylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propionate(HPP)was synthesized and its effect on delivery of liposomes into cultured cardiomyocytes was examined.The structure of HPP was characterized by IH NMR,1R and MS.The amount of cardiomyocytes uptake of HPP-liposome was 3.9-fold higher than plain-liposome,and the increase was 6.2-fold when hypoxia happens.It indicated that HPP was a potential ligand for liposome targeting to ischemic myocardium.

The Effects of Radix Ginseng Rubra on cAMP of Experimental Ischemic Myocardium in Rats

The model of SD rats ligated at the proximate left anterior descend (LAD) of coronary was used. The number and dissociation constant of β receptor were studied by using receptor autoradiography to observe the changes in β receptor and the effects of Radix Ginseng Rubra on cAMP in experimental ischemic myocardium. The result showed that the number of binding site in simple ligation group (B max =0.279) was obviously higher than that in sham operation group (B max =0.093) and the dissociation constant of simple ligation group (Kd=12.431) was higher than that of sham operation group (k d=1.319). There was a significant difference between the two groups ( P <0.05). It proved that the number of β receptor was increased and the activity was elevated in myocardial cell membranes after ligation of LAD. The myocardial cAMP level in simple ligation group (1293.96±519.36)×10 -3 nmol/g was much higher than that in sham operation group (774.44±210.55)×10 -3 nmol/g ; but the level of cAMP in ligation group after receiving Radix Ginseng Rubra treatment (805.02±362.48 pm/g) was obviously lower than that in simple ligation group ( P <0.01), which was close to the result of sham operation. The results indicated that Radix Ginseng Rubra could decrease the cAMP level in ischemic myocardium.

Angiogenesis effects of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of VEGF-B on chronic ischemic myocardium

Objective: To study the angiogenesis effects of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of VEGF-B on chronic ischemic myocardium. Methods: Domestic pigs underwent thoracotomy and placement of an ameroid constrictor on the circumflex coronary artery. Four weeks later, Ad. VEGF-B, Ad. LacZ or PBS were administrated directly into the myocardium at 10 sites in the circumflex distribution (109 PFU or 100 μl) according to groups. Echocardiography and ex vivo coronary angiography were performed. The injection sites around myocardium were harvested and subjected to histological analysis and immunochemical staining. Results: E-chocardiography assessment 4 weeks after vector administration demonstrated significant improvement of regional wall systolic function. Collateral vessel development assessed by angiography was also significantly greater in Ad. VEGF-B animals than that in control animals. Vascular density analysis revealed a mean of 43±5 neovessels per high-power field in Ad. VEGF-B group versus 19±4 and 17±6 in Ad. LacZ and PBS group. Conclusion: Direct intramyocardial administration of Ad. VEGF-B can induce focal angiogenesis and result in improvement in regional myocardial function, which may be useful in patients with ischemic heart disease who are not eligible for conventional therapies.

Studies on transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells transferred by angiogenin gene in ischemic myocardium

Objective To evaluate the protective effect of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) transferred by AD·ANG ex vivo on ischemic myocardium. Methods ELISA method was used to assay the expression and secretion of angiogenin (ANG) after Ad·ANG transfection of BMSCs ex vivo. Then BMSCs with Ad · ANG were transplanted into ischemic myocardium of isogenic Lewis rats. 4 weeks later, the parameters of hear function, such as EF and EDLV, were examined by echocardiography. Surival and differentiation of transplanted BMSCs and angiogenesis were appraised by histology and transmission electron electron micrography. Results ANG was found in both lysate and culture medium after transfection of BMSCs. A maximum expression of ANG was observed at 4-7 days after transfection and could still be assayed 15 days later. 4 weeks later after transplantation in the BMSCs with Ad· NAG, heart function improved better than the single BMSCs group (P【0.05), Ad·ANG group (P【0.01)and blank control group (P【0.01). Angiogenesis in

DIRECT REVASCULARIZATION OF THE ISCHEMIC MYOCARDIUM USING Nd:YAG LASER

For the establishment of direct revascularication of the ischemic myocardium,aNd: YAG laser with a wavelength of 1060 nm and an opitic fiber diameter of 500 umwas used to create 20 to 25 transmural channels in the central ischemic region of theleft ventricle after the coronary was ligatured.The channels were created from theepicard1al surface to the endocardium and each channel received about 64 joules of

WRF/Chem模式中两种起沙参数化方案对东亚地区一次强沙尘暴过程模拟的影响

利用耦合了GOCART和Sha004两种起沙参数化方案的WRF／Chem模式对2002年3月19-22日发生在东亚地区的强沙尘暴过程进行模拟，着重考察了不同起沙方案对沙尘暴过程模拟的影响。结果表明，耦合了两种不同方案的wRF，Chem总体上均能较合理地模拟出主要的起沙区域、起沙强度的变化以及沙尘浓度的时空演变特征，模式对沙尘源地附近及下游地区地面沙尘浓度时间变化特征的模拟与站点观测结果也十分接近。但总体说来Shao04方案对沙尘起沙的发生以及强度变化过程具有更好的模拟能力，该方案模拟的沙尘浓度与观测更为一致，整体性能要优于GOCART方案。进一步分析发现，由于GOCART方案中采用的临界起沙风速偏小，导致该方案下模拟的沙尘分布范围偏大；另外该方案忽略了蒙古东南部和内蒙古中东部的潜在沙尘源地，从而使得耦合了GOCART方案的模式未能模拟出上述区域的起沙过程，使得该区域及下游地区模拟的沙尘浓度也偏小。但在塔里木盆地，Shao04方案计算的起沙通量偏小，这可能与Sha004方案未能考虑风速较小情况下空气拖曳力夹卷作用对起沙的影响有关，也可能与该方案中采用的土壤质地数据不准确有关。

模型及ChemBioOffice在有机化学实验中的应用

有机化学是药学专业非常重要又较难学习的一门专业基础课,认识有机化合物的结构是学好这门课程的基础,单纯平面教学无法深入地将分子的实际空间结构加以充分展示。通过在有机化学实验课中开设球棍模型搭建及Chem Bio Office软件应用这一内容,利用立体、形象的原子间的相对位置,可以促进学生迅速地理解、掌握化合物的立体结构,把握有机分子构成的基本方式,为后续的教学内容打下良好的基础。

利用WRF-Chem模式模拟分析人为气溶胶对台风Fitow(1323)强度及降水的影响

利用气象与化学模块在线耦合的模式WRF-Chem V3.5(Weather Research and Forecasting Model coupled to Chemistry Version 3.5)对1323号台风Fitow进行了模拟,设计无人为排放源、含人为排放源和人为排放源增加的三组模拟试验,对比分析了人为气溶胶对台风的影响。结果表明:人为气溶胶对台风移动路径影响较小。人为气溶胶增加,台风强度减弱,台风主体总累积降水量减少,靠近陆地阶段台风主体降水率减少。气溶胶的增多可提供更多的凝结核,台风外围云水增加,更多的云水可上升至冻结层以上形成过冷水,促进冰相粒子的形成,释放的潜热增加,使外围对流增强,降水增加。台风外围对流的发展,使低层入流的暖湿空气更多的在外围上升,向台风中心的入流减弱,眼墙的发展减弱,降水减少,台风强度减弱。台风外围的对流发展弱于眼墙的对流,降水仍以眼墙区为主,使累积降水量和降水率整体上表现为减少。

基于WRF-Chem模式的PM_(2.5)预报效果评估

为了解华东区域气象中心业务化运行的基于WRF-Chem的"华东区域大气环境数值预报业务系统"对于安徽省PM_(2.5)浓度的预报性能,结合2015年6月至2016年5月观测资料,对其预报效果进行了评估。结果表明:模式预报值与观测值的总体相关性较好,不同时效的预报效果均能达到"优秀"的范围;预报偏差的空间分布整体呈现出北部偏小,南部偏大的特点;2015年夏、秋季24h预报平均偏差呈现东北部偏小,其他地区偏大,2015年冬季、2016年春季东北部分地区和沿江江南部分地区预报值偏小,参与评估的14个城市不同季节平均偏差均在±30μg·m^(-3)以内;该模式产品对于安徽省大部分城市中度及以上污染天气PM_(2.5)浓度漏报率多于空报率。

Chem3D在手性立体化学教学中的应用

作者根据教学实践体会,对手性立体化学教学中遇到的分子结构空间结构的直观认知等问题,应用Chem3D计算机软件,用Chem3D的三维空间的显示功能展示有机化合物的空间结构、构象和构型,增强学生的直观效果,能使学生对有机化合物的结构有明确的认识。

ChemOffice Ultra 11.0在化学图形绘制中的应用

介绍了ChemOffice Ultra 11.0在化学图形绘制中的应用。ChemOffice Ultra 11.0主要包括Chem-Draw(化学结构绘图)、Chem3D(分子模型及仿真)及ChemFinder(化学信息搜寻及整合系统)3大模块,利用ChemDraw模块可以绘制分子结构图形、原子轨道、分子轨道和电子云图、实验装置图、核磁共振图谱等;Chem3D模块能提供工作站级的3D分子轮廓图及进行分了轨道特性分析,并与数种量子化学软件结合在一起,可计算分子轨道的形状、显示分子表面及分子轨道;用ChemFinder可以建立化学数据库,储存及搜索化学数据。

ChemOffice软件在大学化学教学中的应用

本文介绍ChemOffice软件在化学理论课和实验课中的应用,讨论其在教学方法改革方面的意义。在化学理论课教学方面,使用软件中的ChemDraw和Chem3D模块可绘制分子的二维结构图和三维动态图。在化学实验课方面,使用ChemDraw可绘制分离流程图、反应机理图和反应装置图等。

Chem3D结合Chemsketch在有机化学教学中表征化合物的结构

计算机软件在有机化学教学中的应用越来越广泛。在教学过程中将Chem^3D和Chemsketch结合,利用3D可视化技术展示有机化合物的空间结构。利用Chemsketch绘制化合物的分子结构,利用Chem^3D的三维空间的显示功能展示有机化合物的空间结构、构象和构型,增加了学生的直观效果,使学生对有机化合物的结构有了明确的认识。