Echolocating bats have developed advanced auditory perception systems, predominantly using acoustic signaling to communicate with each other They can emit a diverse range of social calls in complex behavioral contexts...Echolocating bats have developed advanced auditory perception systems, predominantly using acoustic signaling to communicate with each other They can emit a diverse range of social calls in complex behavioral contexts. This study examined the vocal repertoire of five pregnant big-footed myotis bats （Myotis macrodactylus）. In the process of clustering the last individual to return to the colony （LI） emitted social calls that correlated with behavior, as recorded on a PC-based digital recorder. These last individuals could emit 10 simple monosyllabic and 27 complex multisyllabic types of calls, constituting four types of syllables. The social calls were composed of highly stereotyped syllables, hierarchically organized by a common set of syllables. However, intra-specific variation was also found in the number of syllables, syllable order and patterns of syllable repetition across call renditions. Data were obtained to characterize the significant individual differences that existed in the maximum frequency and duration of calls. Time taken to return to the roost was negatively associated with the diversity of social calls. Our findings indicate that variability in social calls may be an effective strategy taken by individuals during reintegration into clusters of female M. macrodactylus.展开更多
Objective:To identify the ectoparasits of lesser mouse eared bat,Myotis blythii inside the MahiDasth cave in Kermanshah province,Iran.Methods:A total of 30 lasser mouse eared bat(Myotis blythii) in a cave close to Ker...Objective:To identify the ectoparasits of lesser mouse eared bat,Myotis blythii inside the MahiDasth cave in Kermanshah province,Iran.Methods:A total of 30 lasser mouse eared bat(Myotis blythii) in a cave close to Kermanshah city were hunted with special net and were transported to the laboratory.After anesthetizing by chloroform,ectoparasites from these bats were removed and identified.Results:The ectoparasites include flies,ticks and mites.The 39 identified flies belonged to two families including Strebilidae(7.7%) and Nyctmbiidae(92.3%).A total number of 5 ticks of larval,nymphal and adult stages of Ixodes vespertilionis and 18 mites from Spiturnicidae family were identified.Conclusions:The result of this study is a clue for the identification of ectoparasites from bats and implication of possible prevention measures for diseases transmitted by ectoparasites.展开更多
Echolocation calls of Myotis frater emitted during the search phase consist of brief frequency-modulated pulses. The sound signals are comprised of three harmonics of which the first one is of the highest intensity an...Echolocation calls of Myotis frater emitted during the search phase consist of brief frequency-modulated pulses. The sound signals are comprised of three harmonics of which the first one is of the highest intensity and occurs in all echolocation calls. The frequency of this fundamental harmonic ranges from 110.8 to 50.2 kHz, and its duration is about 3.5 ms. The second and the third harmonics are relatively weak, occurring in 50.0% and 25.0% of echolocation calls respectively, with frequencies ranging from 138.4 to 116.6 kHz for the second harmonic and from 193.6 to 170.8 kHz for the third harmonic. We presume that, according to the echolocation call features, Myotis frater probably forages the insects on the ground of complex environments.展开更多
The distribution and ultrastructure of Merkel cells were described in detail in piscivorous bats through immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The findings indicated that Merkel cells a...The distribution and ultrastructure of Merkel cells were described in detail in piscivorous bats through immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The findings indicated that Merkel cells are commonly found in raised-domes,hair follicles and in the basal epidermis of the skin from their back,abdomen,intercrural membranes,wing membranes and footpads. However,the density of Merkel cells is significantly higher in the footpad than in other places. These results suggested that there may be a link between Merkel cells and tactile sense,and also might imply that raised-domes with air-flow sensitive hairs played an important role in adjusting flying gestures by monitoring the air flow around the body. The ultrastructure of Merkel cells is similar to other vertebrates except having more intermediate filaments and larger granules.展开更多
The first time for the territory of European Russia describes the cases of catching bats with signs of albinism. This article describes the detection of three species of bats with partial albinism in European part of ...The first time for the territory of European Russia describes the cases of catching bats with signs of albinism. This article describes the detection of three species of bats with partial albinism in European part of Russia. There are four animal units of Eptesicus serotinus turcomanus that are stored in Penza State University. They were procured in Astrahan region in 1992 and in 1996. One more animal was found in Volgograd region in 2004. All these animals have white spots of different size and shape on their abdominal part of body. In 2012 it was caught a young female of Pipistrellus nathusii in Samarskaya Luka (Samara region) and in 2013 the scientists found a mature female of Myotis mystacinus. Both animals had a light-colored fur, red eyes and with almost white ears. Moreover, they had pale-pink noses and extremities.展开更多
Penises play a key role in sperm transport and in stimulating female genitals.This should impact post-copulatory competition,and expose penis characteristics to sexual selective pressures.Studies of male genitalia hav...Penises play a key role in sperm transport and in stimulating female genitals.This should impact post-copulatory competition,and expose penis characteristics to sexual selective pressures.Studies of male genitalia have repeatedly reported negative static allometries,which mean that,within species,large males have disproportionally small genitals when compared with smaller individuals.Males of some sperm-storing bat species may stand as an exception to such a pattern by arousing from hibernation to copulate with torpid females.The selection for large penises might take place,if a long organ provides advantages during post-copulatory competition and/or if females have evolved mechanisms allowing the choice of sire,relying on characters other than pre-copulatory traits(e.g.,penis size).In this study,we measured dimensions of the erected penis in 4 sperm-storing bat species.Furthermore,we collected sperm and evaluated the link between penis dimensions and sperm velocity.Our results revealed steep allometric slopes of the erected penis length in Barbastella barbastellus and an inverse allometry of penis head width in Myotis nattereri.More detailed studies of copulatory behavior are urgently needed to explain the range of observed scaling relations.Furthermore,penis head width correlates with sperm velocity in Plecotus auritus.For this last species,we propose that penis shape might act as a marker of male fertility.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31700319,31670390)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2412017QD026)+1 种基金U.S National Science Foundation(NSF)(DEB-1115895)the NSF East Asian Pacific Summer Institute Program IIA-1415092
文摘Echolocating bats have developed advanced auditory perception systems, predominantly using acoustic signaling to communicate with each other They can emit a diverse range of social calls in complex behavioral contexts. This study examined the vocal repertoire of five pregnant big-footed myotis bats （Myotis macrodactylus）. In the process of clustering the last individual to return to the colony （LI） emitted social calls that correlated with behavior, as recorded on a PC-based digital recorder. These last individuals could emit 10 simple monosyllabic and 27 complex multisyllabic types of calls, constituting four types of syllables. The social calls were composed of highly stereotyped syllables, hierarchically organized by a common set of syllables. However, intra-specific variation was also found in the number of syllables, syllable order and patterns of syllable repetition across call renditions. Data were obtained to characterize the significant individual differences that existed in the maximum frequency and duration of calls. Time taken to return to the roost was negatively associated with the diversity of social calls. Our findings indicate that variability in social calls may be an effective strategy taken by individuals during reintegration into clusters of female M. macrodactylus.
基金supported by the School of Public Health,Tehran University of Medical Sciences
文摘Objective:To identify the ectoparasits of lesser mouse eared bat,Myotis blythii inside the MahiDasth cave in Kermanshah province,Iran.Methods:A total of 30 lasser mouse eared bat(Myotis blythii) in a cave close to Kermanshah city were hunted with special net and were transported to the laboratory.After anesthetizing by chloroform,ectoparasites from these bats were removed and identified.Results:The ectoparasites include flies,ticks and mites.The 39 identified flies belonged to two families including Strebilidae(7.7%) and Nyctmbiidae(92.3%).A total number of 5 ticks of larval,nymphal and adult stages of Ixodes vespertilionis and 18 mites from Spiturnicidae family were identified.Conclusions:The result of this study is a clue for the identification of ectoparasites from bats and implication of possible prevention measures for diseases transmitted by ectoparasites.
文摘Echolocation calls of Myotis frater emitted during the search phase consist of brief frequency-modulated pulses. The sound signals are comprised of three harmonics of which the first one is of the highest intensity and occurs in all echolocation calls. The frequency of this fundamental harmonic ranges from 110.8 to 50.2 kHz, and its duration is about 3.5 ms. The second and the third harmonics are relatively weak, occurring in 50.0% and 25.0% of echolocation calls respectively, with frequencies ranging from 138.4 to 116.6 kHz for the second harmonic and from 193.6 to 170.8 kHz for the third harmonic. We presume that, according to the echolocation call features, Myotis frater probably forages the insects on the ground of complex environments.
文摘The distribution and ultrastructure of Merkel cells were described in detail in piscivorous bats through immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The findings indicated that Merkel cells are commonly found in raised-domes,hair follicles and in the basal epidermis of the skin from their back,abdomen,intercrural membranes,wing membranes and footpads. However,the density of Merkel cells is significantly higher in the footpad than in other places. These results suggested that there may be a link between Merkel cells and tactile sense,and also might imply that raised-domes with air-flow sensitive hairs played an important role in adjusting flying gestures by monitoring the air flow around the body. The ultrastructure of Merkel cells is similar to other vertebrates except having more intermediate filaments and larger granules.
文摘The first time for the territory of European Russia describes the cases of catching bats with signs of albinism. This article describes the detection of three species of bats with partial albinism in European part of Russia. There are four animal units of Eptesicus serotinus turcomanus that are stored in Penza State University. They were procured in Astrahan region in 1992 and in 1996. One more animal was found in Volgograd region in 2004. All these animals have white spots of different size and shape on their abdominal part of body. In 2012 it was caught a young female of Pipistrellus nathusii in Samarskaya Luka (Samara region) and in 2013 the scientists found a mature female of Myotis mystacinus. Both animals had a light-colored fur, red eyes and with almost white ears. Moreover, they had pale-pink noses and extremities.
基金This project was financed by the Swiss Science Foundation(grant nb.P2BEP3_168709)N.J.F.and by the National Science Center,Poland(grant nb.DEC-2013/10/E/NZ8/00725)。
文摘Penises play a key role in sperm transport and in stimulating female genitals.This should impact post-copulatory competition,and expose penis characteristics to sexual selective pressures.Studies of male genitalia have repeatedly reported negative static allometries,which mean that,within species,large males have disproportionally small genitals when compared with smaller individuals.Males of some sperm-storing bat species may stand as an exception to such a pattern by arousing from hibernation to copulate with torpid females.The selection for large penises might take place,if a long organ provides advantages during post-copulatory competition and/or if females have evolved mechanisms allowing the choice of sire,relying on characters other than pre-copulatory traits(e.g.,penis size).In this study,we measured dimensions of the erected penis in 4 sperm-storing bat species.Furthermore,we collected sperm and evaluated the link between penis dimensions and sperm velocity.Our results revealed steep allometric slopes of the erected penis length in Barbastella barbastellus and an inverse allometry of penis head width in Myotis nattereri.More detailed studies of copulatory behavior are urgently needed to explain the range of observed scaling relations.Furthermore,penis head width correlates with sperm velocity in Plecotus auritus.For this last species,we propose that penis shape might act as a marker of male fertility.
