对1株富产吲哚喹唑啉类生物碱(IQAs)的海绵共附生真菌Aspergillus giganteus MA 46-5的IQAs类成分进行了研究。根据IQAs的结构特征,在TLC、LC-MS和GNPS(global natural products social molecular networking)技术的共同指导下,从大米...对1株富产吲哚喹唑啉类生物碱(IQAs)的海绵共附生真菌Aspergillus giganteus MA 46-5的IQAs类成分进行了研究。根据IQAs的结构特征,在TLC、LC-MS和GNPS(global natural products social molecular networking)技术的共同指导下,从大米培养基的乙酸乙酯部位分离得到10个IQAs类生物碱。通过NMR、HR-ESI-MS、OR和CD等方法并结合文献比对鉴定其分别为:tryptoquivaline(1)、nortryptoquivaline(2)、deoxytryptoquivaline(3)、deoxynortryptoquivaline(4)、aspertoryadin C(5)、aspertoryadin G(6)、quinadoline A(7)、fiscalin E (8)、quinadoline B(9)和prelapatin B(10)。8和10为首次从Aspergillus属中得到,2、4~7为首次从Aspergillus giganteus中分离得到。展开更多
Instrument calibration is vital to a successful control system because signal inputs to the system controllers come from such instruments. This paper presents a method for actualizing a standard low-cost loop calibrat...Instrument calibration is vital to a successful control system because signal inputs to the system controllers come from such instruments. This paper presents a method for actualizing a standard low-cost loop calibrator for the famous 4-20 mA electrical signaling scheme. The loop calibrator generates a linear current signal from 4 to 20 mA over a 250 ? typical process instrument load for calibration. The realization of the loop calibrator relies on a voltage-to-current converter to build a constant current source. The voltage controlled constant current source is built from discrete components and an op-amp to keep the cost low. Results from simulations and the prototype demonstrate the performance of the 4-20 mA loop calibrator which utilizes a greatly reduced number of components. The cost of these components is approximately 34% of the least expensive calibrator sampled, though other production costs are not included. This conclusion reinforces the fact that loop calibrators can be cheaper.展开更多
文摘Instrument calibration is vital to a successful control system because signal inputs to the system controllers come from such instruments. This paper presents a method for actualizing a standard low-cost loop calibrator for the famous 4-20 mA electrical signaling scheme. The loop calibrator generates a linear current signal from 4 to 20 mA over a 250 ? typical process instrument load for calibration. The realization of the loop calibrator relies on a voltage-to-current converter to build a constant current source. The voltage controlled constant current source is built from discrete components and an op-amp to keep the cost low. Results from simulations and the prototype demonstrate the performance of the 4-20 mA loop calibrator which utilizes a greatly reduced number of components. The cost of these components is approximately 34% of the least expensive calibrator sampled, though other production costs are not included. This conclusion reinforces the fact that loop calibrators can be cheaper.
