High mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system:regeneration hidden beneath inflammation

High-mobility group box 1 was first discovered in the calf thymus as a DNA-binding nuclear protein and has been widely studied in diverse fields,including neurology and neuroscience.High-mobility group box 1 in the extracellular space functions as a pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern,which has been proven to play an important role in a wide variety of central nervous system disorders such as ischemic stroke,Alzheimer’s disease,frontotemporal dementia,Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis,epilepsy,and traumatic brain injury.Several drugs that inhibit high-mobility group box 1 as a damage-associated molecular pattern,such as glycyrrhizin,ethyl pyruvate,and neutralizing anti-high-mobility group box 1 antibodies,are commonly used to target high-mobility group box 1 activity in central nervous system disorders.Although it is commonly known for its detrimental inflammatory effect,high-mobility group box 1 has also been shown to have beneficial pro-regenerative roles in central nervous system disorders.In this narrative review,we provide a brief summary of the history of high-mobility group box 1 research and its characterization as a damage-associated molecular pattern,its downstream receptors,and intracellular signaling pathways,how high-mobility group box 1 exerts the repair-favoring roles in general and in the central nervous system,and clues on how to differentiate the pro-regenerative from the pro-inflammatory role.Research targeting high-mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system may benefit from differentiating between the two functions rather than overall suppression of high-mobility group box 1.

基于UTAUT的MaaS一体化支付的接受度研究

为探究用户对MaaS一体化支付的接受度,列出MaaS一体化支付框架,分析其中的关键部分及问题,通过整合技术接受度模型(UTAUT),构建MaaS一体化支付接受度模型,在武汉市的三个大型火车站发放问卷以收集数据,运用结构方程模型来具体分析检验各维度之间的关系,并分析各因素对用户使用意向的影响程度,结果表明社群影响与个人创新性对使用意向的影响程度最大,标准化路径系数为0.363与0.325,除社群影响与个人创新性以外,努力期望、促成因素对使用意向的影响程度适中,标准化路径系数为0.202与0.215,而绩效期望对使用意向的影响程度较小,标准化路径系数为0.096,并根据此数据结果分析MaaS一体化支付的发展模式。

基于潜在类别选择模型的MaaS套餐偏好异质性分析

出行即服务(MaaS)旨在为用户提供一个集成信息、预定和支付的单一数字平台。MaaS还可以为用户提供各种产品,其中包括捆绑式的MaaS套餐,将多种交通方式结合并以一站式的方式提供给用户。为了探讨出行者对MaaS套餐的需求和偏好,通过对上海312名受访者进行调查,使用潜在类别选择模型(LCCM)分析不同群体之间偏好的异质性。识别3个潜在类别,不同类别具有不同的MaaS套餐偏好和个体特征。结果表明,个体偏好存在显著的异质性。年龄、收入、受教育程度和当前出行行为都在个人购买决策行为方面发挥着重要作用。研究结果为MaaS运营商和政策制定者识别潜在人群和设计可行的MaaS套餐方案提供参考,以帮助提升用户出行体验和更广泛的采用与推广MaaS。

MaaS旅游供应链收益共享契约设计与协调

针对出行即服务(Mobility as a Service,MaaS)提供定制化的出行服务以满足游客差异化的交通需求,构建了由传统旅游供应商和MaaS平台组成的双渠道旅游出行服务链,探讨不同主导权下的集中式决策和分散式决策策略及其效益,并开展以供应商为主导的供应链收益共享契约设计和数值分析。研究结果发现:基于MaaS的旅游供应链集中式决策下的效益大于分散式决策,且集中式决策效益是以供应商为主导的分散式决策效益的3/4。在收益共享契约协调下,供应商利润和MaaS平台利润分别为0.68和0.58,均有所提高,旅游供应链整体效益最大,实现旅游供应链完美协调。

智慧交通出行即服务MaaS体系的研究

近几年“出行即服务MaaS”模式在智慧交通领域兴起,本文剖析了MaaS技术构成和系统业务流程,针对我国MaaS发展起步较晚、运营范围相对有限、商业模式和盈利机制不清晰等问题,通过加强数据共享、规划顶层设计、分步实施策略,鼓励多方参与,构建完善的监管体系,形成MaaS新业态,成为智慧交通领域的重要力量,引领未来交通方式的革新与发展,为公众提供更加便捷、高效和个性化的出行服务。

MaaS模式下城市路网异质出行者逐日流量分配模型

为研究出行即服务(MaaS)模式下的城市路网异质用户逐日路径选择行为和路网流量分配演变规律,将出行者分为选择MaaS服务的平台用户和自主决策的自由用户。建立了两类用户总量的逐日调整模型、自由用户的逐日选择模型及平台用户的系统最优分配模型,并利用不动点理论分析了模型稳定性。算例结果表明:若流量转移函数连续,则模型存在不动点,路径流量能收敛到稳定状态;异质用户路网能降低总出行时间,但达到稳态所需时间更长;高比例的平台用户路网总出行时间更小,更有利于路网优化;提升路网出行服务水平可以使路网稳定在最优态。

基于MaaS理念的航空客运服务分析与探究

为提高出行者乘机出行的满意度,对传统航空客运进行了归纳与总结,通过问卷调查并结合相关文献分析出传统航空客运服务中存在的不足之处。为改进不足,提出基于MaaS理念的航空客运服务,在讨论其可行性的同时,构建了服务的框架图,并与传统航空客运服务进行对比分析。该服务方案以传统航空客运服务为基础,通过与第三方MaaS运营商合作,使乘客出行体验得到提升,以此提升乘客出行满意度,进而增强航空客运竞争力和市场活力,同时使公共客运水平得到提升,促进出行一体化发展。

Mobility as a Service (MaaS): Challenges of Implementation and Policy Required

Mobility as a service (MaaS) is a relatively new concept, which holds the promise for a paradigm shift in the provision of urban mobility. The concept of MaaS is to use a single app to access and pay for various transport modes within a city or beyond;and the app will give options to allow a traveller to select the most suitable transport mode. The concept of MaaS is enabled by the current mass uptake of smartphones and social media as well ubiquitous internet connection. By studying current applications of MaaS in Europe and US conditions of operation of MaaS have been summarised. Based on the necessary conditions, a checklist has been developed for potential developers of MaaS to assess if they can implement MaaS in a city. This paper also discusses challenges of implementation of MaaS and their potential impacts on urban mobility and societal changes.

MaaS场景下考虑用户异质性的交通分配模型

MaaS场景下,通过问卷调查考虑用户异质性,构建广义出行费用函数确定不同年龄不同收入人群的出行费用、出行时间和出行舒适度权重,应用模糊综合评价法构建隶属度函数,对个体出行链多模式交通特征进行提取与融合,完成模型参数标定。该模型考虑不同类别人群出行对经济性、便捷度和舒适性的要求,使得模型更加精细。模型分别应用到广州市番禺广场片区和北京街片区,结果显示,模型计算各OD间主出行方式交通分配量与公交、地铁及驾车等方式实际交通量数据有较高适配,2个片区的多方式组合出行交通量平均分配精度达到86.8%,证明了模型的可行性和有效性。

解析出行即服务(MaaS)及其在我国的发展对策研究

针对当前国内出行即服务发展过程中存在的认识误区,本文从国内外MaaS发展情况和具体的实践工作出发,全面解析了出行即服务的内涵、外延及主要特性;阐述了按照服务范围不同和服务目的差异的出行即服务系统分类,并提出了初级、中级、高级和理想级四种形态分级。从我国实情出发,提出中国式出行即服务未来发展需提升战略认识、加强规划引领、强化三网融合、开展先行先试以及成立区域性联盟等对策。

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomeloaded miR-129-5p targets high-mobility group box 1 attenuates neurological-impairment after diabetic cerebral hemorrhage

BACKGROUND Diabetic intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)is a serious complication of diabetes.The role and mechanism of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell(BMSC)-derived exosomes(BMSC-exo)in neuroinflammation post-ICH in patients with diabetes are unknown.In this study,we investigated the regulation of BMSC-exo on hyperglycemia-induced neuroinflammation.AIM To study the mechanism of BMSC-exo on nerve function damage after diabetes complicated with cerebral hemorrhage.METHODS BMSC-exo were isolated from mouse BMSC media.This was followed by transfection with microRNA-129-5p(miR-129-5p).BMSC-exo or miR-129-5poverexpressing BMSC-exo were intravitreally injected into a diabetes mouse model with ICH for in vivo analyses and were cocultured with high glucoseaffected BV2 cells for in vitro analyses.The dual luciferase test and RNA immunoprecipitation test verified the targeted binding relationship between miR-129-5p and high-mobility group box 1(HMGB1).Quantitative polymerase chain reaction,western blotting,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were conducted to assess the levels of some inflammation factors,such as HMGB1,interleukin 6,interleukin 1β,toll-like receptor 4,and tumor necrosis factorα.Brain water content,neural function deficit score,and Evans blue were used to measure the neural function of mice.RESULTS Our findings indicated that BMSC-exo can promote neuroinflammation and functional recovery.MicroRNA chip analysis of BMSC-exo identified miR-129-5p as the specific microRNA with a protective role in neuroinflammation.Overexpression of miR-129-5p in BMSC-exo reduced the inflammatory response and neurological impairment in comorbid diabetes and ICH cases.Furthermore,we found that miR-129-5p had a targeted binding relationship with HMGB1 mRNA.CONCLUSION We demonstrated that BMSC-exo can reduce the inflammatory response after ICH with diabetes,thereby improving the neurological function of the brain.

A Fault-Tolerant Mobility-Aware Caching Method in Edge Computing

Mobile Edge Computing(MEC)is a technology designed for the on-demand provisioning of computing and storage services,strategically positioned close to users.In the MEC environment,frequently accessed content can be deployed and cached on edge servers to optimize the efficiency of content delivery,ultimately enhancing the quality of the user experience.However,due to the typical placement of edge devices and nodes at the network’s periphery,these components may face various potential fault tolerance challenges,including network instability,device failures,and resource constraints.Considering the dynamic nature ofMEC,making high-quality content caching decisions for real-time mobile applications,especially those sensitive to latency,by effectively utilizing mobility information,continues to be a significant challenge.In response to this challenge,this paper introduces FT-MAACC,a mobility-aware caching solution grounded in multi-agent deep reinforcement learning and equipped with fault tolerance mechanisms.This approach comprehensively integrates content adaptivity algorithms to evaluate the priority of highly user-adaptive cached content.Furthermore,it relies on collaborative caching strategies based onmulti-agent deep reinforcement learningmodels and establishes a fault-tolerancemodel to ensure the system’s reliability,availability,and persistence.Empirical results unequivocally demonstrate that FTMAACC outperforms its peer methods in cache hit rates and transmission latency.

Mobility edges and localization characteristics in one-dimensional quasiperiodic quantum walk

We construct a one-dimensional quasiperiodic quantum walk to investigate the localization–delocalization transition.The inverse participation ratio and Lyapunov exponent are employed as two indexes to determine the mobility edge, a critical energy to distinguish the energy regions of extended and localized states. The analytical solution of mobility edge is obtained by the Lyapunov exponents in global theory, and the consistency of the two indexes is confirmed. We further study the dynamic characteristics of the quantum walk and show that the probabilities are localized to some specific lattice sites with time evolution. This phenomenon is explained by the effective potential of the Hamiltonian which corresponds to the phase in the coin operator of the quantum walk.

Privacy-Preserving Federated Mobility Prediction with Compound Data and Model Perturbation Mechanism

Human mobility prediction is important for many applications.However,training an accurate mobility prediction model requires a large scale of human trajectories,where privacy issues become an important problem.The rising federated learning provides us with a promising solution to this problem,which enables mobile devices to collaboratively learn a shared prediction model while keeping all the training data on the device,decoupling the ability to do machine learning from the need to store the data in the cloud.However,existing federated learningbased methods either do not provide privacy guarantees or have vulnerability in terms of privacy leakage.In this paper,we combine the techniques of data perturbation and model perturbation mechanisms and propose a privacy-preserving mobility prediction algorithm,where we add noise to the transmitted model and the raw data collaboratively to protect user privacy and keep the mobility prediction performance.Extensive experimental results show that our proposed method significantly outperforms the existing stateof-the-art mobility prediction method in terms of defensive performance against practical attacks while having comparable mobility prediction performance,demonstrating its effectiveness.

Pig Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) Does Not Attach to Boar Sperm;It Affects Only the Velocity Pattern and the Mobility Pattern

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the sperm viability of semen infected with PRRSV viral particles, observing the effect of the Virus on the motility of boar sperm. The work was carried out at the FMVZ-BUAP Genetics and Reproduction Laboratory. 5 stallions were used. Each sample contained 1 × 106 sperm, the PRRS virus strain was ATCC-VR-2332 (0, 102, 104 and 106 copies of RNA/mL in triplicate), it was observed daily at the CASA;Hamilton Thorne®. Cells with MT (P < 0.05) on days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 of evaluation with 201 ± 7.3, 167 ± 10.1, 165 ± 14.6, 134 ± 8.2 and 120 ± 8.8, respectively. The % MP between control and virus concentrations (P ≥ 0.05). The LCV on day 1 and 7 PI at 10X2 and 10X6 (P < 0.05) vs control. In the Correlation Matrix, where it is observed that there is a correlation between VSL and VAP, VSL and VCL, VCL and ALH, VAP with ALH. There is a correlation of VSL and ALH, STR and ALH. In this study there were (P ≤ 0.01) in the VCL, in the concentrations (102) 162.81 ± 10.65 and (106) 177.12 ± 5.77 vs 193.04 ± 4.62 of control. This indicates that altering these parameters would be related to fertility and the PRRS virus affects the LCV. Regarding the VSL, it was observed that the sperm infected with viruses 102, 104 and 106 of 48.00 ± 3.38, 49.88 ± 1.83 and 50.55 ± 2.24 Vs. 56.66 ± 1.68 of control respectively, the control would have greater possibilities of fertilizing the oocyte. In this study, it was found (P ≤ 0.01) in the VAP with 102 of 77.26 ± 5.16, 104 with 83.35 ± 2.41 and 106 with 81.29 ± 3.14 vs the control with 90.56 ± 2.07. Regarding the ALH there is (P < 0.05) a 104 with 8.70 ± .26 and 106 with 9.64 ± 0.23 vs control 8.50 ± 0.27. The presence of different concentrations of PRRSV in boar semen induces changes in different types of sperm motility. Infection of ejaculates with the PRRS virus affects sperm motility on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 post-infections.

Enhanced magnetic anisotropy and high hole mobility in magnetic semiconductor Ga_(1-x-y)Fe_(x)Ni_(y)Sb

(Ga,Fe)Sb is a promising magnetic semiconductor(MS)for spintronic applications because its Curie temperature(T_(C))is above 300 K when the Fe concentration is higher than 20%.However,the anisotropy constant Ku of(Ga,Fe)Sb is below 7.6×10^(3)erg/cm^(3)when Fe concentration is lower than 30%,which is one order of magnitude lower than that of(Ga,Mn)As.To address this issue,we grew Ga_(1-x-y)Fe_(x)Ni_(y)Sb films with almost the same x(≈24%)and different y to characterize their magnetic and electrical transport properties.We found that the magnetic anisotropy of Ga_(0.76-y)Fe_(0.24)Ni_(y)Sb can be enhanced by increasing y,in which Ku is negligible at y=1.7%but increases to 3.8×10^(5)erg/cm^(3)at y=6.1%(T_(C)=354 K).In addition,the hole mobility(μ)of Ga_(1-x-y)Fe_(x)Ni_(y)Sb reaches 31.3 cm^(2)/(V∙s)at x=23.7%,y=1.7%(T_(C)=319 K),which is much higher than the mobility of Ga_(1-x)Fe_(x)Sb at x=25.2%(μ=6.2 cm^(2)/(V∙s)).Our results provide useful information for enhancing the magnetic anisotropy and hole mobility of(Ga,Fe)Sb by using Ni co-doping.

Mobility and dynamic erosion process of granular flow:insights from numerical investigation using material point method

In order to understand the dynamics of granular flow on an erodible base soil,in this paper,a series of material point method-based granular column collapse tests were conducted to investigate numerically the mobility and dynamic erosion process of granular flow subjected to the complex settings,i.e.,the aspect ratio,granular mass,friction and dilatancy resistance,gravity and presence of water.A set of power scaling laws were proposed to describe the final deposit characteristics of granular flow by the relations of the normalized run-out distance and the normalized final height of granular flow against the aspect ratio,being greatly affected by the complex geological settings,e.g.,granular mass,the friction and dilatancy resistance of granular soil,and presence of water in granular flow.An index of the coefficient of friction of granular soil was defined as a ratio of the target coefficient of friction over the initial coefficient of friction to quantify the scaling extent of friction change(i.e.,friction strengthening or weakening).There is a characteristic aspect ratio of granular column corresponding to the maximum mobility of granular flow with the minimum index of the apparent coefficient of friction.The index of the repose coefficient of friction of granular flow decreased gradually with the increase in aspect ratio because higher potential energy of granular column at a larger aspect ratio causes a larger kinetic energy of granular soil to weaken the friction of granular soil as a kind of velocity-related friction weakening.An increase in granular mass reduces gradually the indexes of the apparent and repose coefficients of friction of granular soil to enhance the mobility of granular flow.The mobility of granular flow increases gradually with the decrease in friction angle or increase in dilatancy angle of granular soil.However,the increase of gravity accelerates granular flow but showing the same final deposit profile without any dependence on gravity.The mobility of granular flow increases gradually by lowering the indexes of the apparent and repose coefficients of friction of granular flow while changing the surroundings,in turn,the dry soil,submerged soil and saturated soil,implying a gradually increased excessive mobility of granular flow with the friction weakening of granular soil.Presence of water in granular flow may be a potential catalyzer to yield a long run-out granular flow,as revealed in comparison of water-absent and water-present granular flows.In addition,the dynamic erosion and entrainment of based soil induced by granular flow subjected to the complex geological settings,i.e.,the aspect ratio,granular mass,gravity,friction and dilatancy resistance,and presence of water,were comprehensively investigated as well.

Measurement of very low-molecular weight metabolites by traveling wave ion mobility and its use in human urine samples

The collision cross-sections(CCS)measurement using ion mobility spectrometry(IMS)in combination with mass spectrometry(MS)offers a great opportunity to increase confidence in metabolite identification.However,owing to the lack of sensitivity and resolution,IMS has an analytical challenge in studying the CCS values of very low-molecular-weight metabolites(VLMs250 Da).Here,we describe an analytical method using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography(UPLC)coupled to a traveling wave ion mobility-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer optimized for the measurement of VLMs in human urine samples.The experimental CCS values,along with mass spectral properties,were reported for the 174 metabolites.The experimental data included the mass-to-charge ratio(m/z),retention time(RT),tandem MS(MS/MS)spectra,and CCS values.Among the studied metabolites,263 traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry(TWIMS)-derived CCS values(TWCCSN2)were reported for the first time,and more than 70%of these were CCS values of VLMs.The TWCCSN2 values were highly repeatable,with inter-day variations of<1%relative standard deviation(RSD).The developed method revealed excellent TWCCSN2 accuracy with a CCS difference(DCCS)within±2%of the reported drift tube IMS(DTIMS)and TWIMS CCS values.The complexity of the urine matrix did not affect the precision of the method,as evidenced by DCCS within±1.92%.According to the Metabolomics Standards Initiative,55 urinary metabolites were identified with a confidence level of 1.Among these 55 metabolites,53(96%)were VLMs.The larger number of confirmed compounds found in this study was a result of the addition of TWCCSN2 values,which clearly increased metabolite identification confidence.

Influence of shale reservoir properties on shale oil mobility and its mechanism

Given the tremendous potential for continental shale oil in China,many oilfields in the central and eastern parts of the country are involved in the exploration and development of shale oil resources.Besides engineering factors,shale oil mobility is the key to determining its commercial viability.This study explores the Hetaoyuan Formation in the Biyang Depression as an example to determine the influence of reservoir properties on the movable oil volume and its mechanisms.Multiple techniques were used,including displacement nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),low-temperature nitrogen adsorption(LTNA),X-ray diffraction(XRD)bulk mineral analysis,and scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and the results suggest that large average pore diameter,high throat to pore ratio,single pore morphology,and small specific surface area can weaken the boundary layer effect and reduce the amount of adsorbed oil.Our observations reveal that compared to the dissolution pores and intergranular pores in brittle minerals,the intercrystalline pores in terrigenous clastic clay minerals are more affected by compaction.Furthermore,authigenic clay minerals notably block the intergranular pores in the interbedded sandstones.Clay minerals are identified as the main contributor to the specific surface area,with high clay mineral content enhancing the pore heterogeneity of the reservoir.Thus,positive shale oil mobility occurs in shale with a weak boundary layer effect,which is attributed to the high brittle mineral content,large average pore diameter,small specific surface area,single pore morphology,and reservoir homogeneity.

基于MaaS理念的产业园区“最后一公里”出行服务探索与思考

为缓解交通拥堵,全新的交通理念“出行即服务(MaaS)”应运而生。总结MaaS系统的内涵特征,阐述“最后一公里”MaaS在公共交通系统中的定位。为推进MaaS理念下“最后一公里”出行定制服务场景的落地,对上海市典型产业园区进行分析,总结产业园区定位,基于手机信令数据挖掘园区员工通勤出行特征,以产业园区所需交通服务角度出发思考末端出行需求痛点,提出基于MaaS理念下满足高峰通勤定制共享和平峰预约品质出行场景需求的实施策略与实施路径,解决产业园区末端交通出行痛点,优化园区营商环境,助力绿色低碳园区建设。