Using a Mach–Zehnder interferometer to deduce nitrogen density mapping

This work presents an optical method using the Mach–Zehnder interferometer. We especially diagnose a pure nitrogen gas subjected to a point to plane corona discharge, and visualize the density spatial map. The interelectrode distance equals6 mm and the variation of the optical path has been measured at different pressures： 220 Torr, 400 Torr, and 760 Torr.The interferograms are recorded with a CCD camera, and the numerical analysis of these interferograms is assured by the inverse Abel transformation. The nitrogen density is extracted through the Gladstone–Dale relation. The obtained results are in close agreement with values available in the literature.

Simulation of distributed optical fiber disturbance detection system based on Sagnac/Mach-Zehnder interferometer and cross-correlation location

A distributed optical fiber disturbance detection system consisted of a Sagnac interferometer and a Mach-Zehnder interferometer is demonstrated. Two interferometers outputs are connected to an electric band-pass filter via a detector respectively. The central frequencies of the two filters are selected adaptively according to the disturbance frequency. The disturbance frequency is obtained by either frequency spectrum of the two interferometers outputs. An alarm is given out only when the Sagnac interferometer output is changed. A disturbance position is determined by calculating a time difference with a cross-correlation method between the filter output connected to the Sagnac interferometer and derivative of the filter output connected to the Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The frequency spectrum, derivative and cross-correlation are obtained by a signal processing system. Theory analysis and simulation results are presented. They show that the system structure and location method are effective, accurate, and immune to environmental variations.

Quantitative Visualization of the Thermal Boundary Layer of Forced Convection on a Heated or Cooled Flat Plate with a 30°Leading Edge Using a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer

This study focuses on the experimental measurements of the heat transfer coefficient over a flat plate with a 30° leading edge. Under forced convection by a hot/cold air and flow over a cooled/heated flat plate, the thermal boundary layer and its thickness are quantitatively visualized and measured using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. In addition, the variation in the local heat transfer coefficient is evaluated experimentally with respect to the air flow velocity and temperature. Differences within the heat transfer performance between the plates are confirmed and discussed. As a result, the average heat transfer performance is about the same for the heated plate and the cooled plate under all air velocity conditions. This contrasts with the theoretical prediction in the case of low air velocity, the reason considered was that the buoyancy at the 30° leading edge blocked air from flowing across the surface of the plate.

Temperature-induced effect on refractive index of graphene based on coated in-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer

The temperature-induced complex refractive index（CRI） effect of graphene is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally based on a graphene coated in-fiber MZI（Mach-Zehnder interferometer）. The relationships between real and imaginary parts of the graphene CRI and temperature are obtained through investigating the dip wavelength and intensity of the MZI interference spectrum changing with temperature, respectively. The temperature effect of CRI of the graphene is also analyzed theoretically. Both experimental and theoretical studies show that the real part and imaginary part of the CRI nonlinearly decrease and increase with temperature increasing, respectively. This graphene-coated in-fiber MZI structure also possesses the advantages of easy fabrication, miniaturization, low cost and robustness. It has potential applications in nanomaterial-based optic devices for communication and sensing.

Temporal and spatial evolution of air-spark switch plasma investigated by the Mach–Zehnder interferometer

An air-spark switch plasma was diagnosed by the Mach–Zehnder laser interferometer with ultra-high spatial and temporal resolution. The interferograms containing plasma phase shift information at different time were obtained. The phase shift distributions of the plasma were extracted by numerically processing the interferograms. The three-dimensional(3 D) electron density distributions of the air-spark switch plasma were then obtained. The working process of the air-spark switch was described by analyzing the temporal and spatial evolution of the plasma electron density.

A Novel Mach–Zehnder Interferometer Based on Hybrid Liquid Crystal–Photonic Crystal Fiber

We propose a novel all fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer（MZI） based on photonic crystal fiber（PCF） filled with liquid crystal（LC）. The interference between the core mode and the cladding modes of a PCF is utilized.To excite the cladding modes, a region is formed using fiber fusion splicer. Due to the fact that varying effective index difference between the core region and the LC-filled cladding region can cause different transmission spectra,we mainly study the MZIs with different LC-filled structures and different lengths of LC filling. The measured results demonstrate that quite clear interference spectra can be obtained. Through analysis spatial frequency spectrum and temperature spectrum of two MZIs with different LC-filled structures, we can obtain that the MZI with adjacent two LC-filled holes has clearer interference spectrum and higher temperature sensitivity. Thus we choose this MZI to measure the temperature sensitivity with different lengths of LC filling. When the length of LC filling is 2 cm, the temperature sensitivities can be enlarged to 1.59 nm/C. The interferometer shows a good temperature tunability and sensitivity, which can be a good candidate for a highly tunable optical filtering and temperature sensing applications.

A Novel Method to Monitor OSNR Using a Mach Zehnder Interferometer

A novel method to monitor optical signal to noise ratio using a Mach Zehnder interferometer is introduced. The OSNR meter is composed of two 3dB couplers, one phase tuner and one power meter which are of low cost. The experiments show that the error of our novel method is less than 0.5dB and the dynamic range is from 10dB to 25dB. They also show that the method works well under different cases of bit rates.

Phase precision of Mach–Zehnder interferometer in PM2.5 air pollution

This paper theoretically explores the effect of PM2.5 air pollution on the phase precision of a Mach-Zehnder inter- ferometer. With the increasing of PM2.5 concentration, phase precision for inputs of coherent state ＆ vacuum state and inputs of coherent state ＆ squeezed vacuum state will gradually decrease and be lower than the standard quantum limit. When the value of relative humidity is increasing, the precision of two input cases is decreasing much faster. We also find that the precision for inputs of coherent state ＆ squeezed state is better than that of coherent state ＆ vacuum state when PM2.5 concentration is lower. As PM2.5 concentration increases, the precision for inputs of coherent state ＆ squeezed state decreases faster, and then the two precisions tend to be the same while the concentration is higher.

Multi-ion Mach–Zehnder interferometer with artificial nonlinear interactions

We propose a method to implement a Mach-Zehnder interferometry based upon a string of trapped ions with artificial nonlinear interactions. By manipulating the coupling strength between two involved internal states of the ions, we could achieve the beam splitting/recombination with NOON states. Using current techniques for manipulating trapped ions, we discuss the experimental feasibility of our scheme and analyze some undesired uncertainty under realistic experimental environment.

Compact temperature-insensitive modulator based on a silicon microring assistant Mach-Zehnder interferometer

On the silicon-on-insulator platform, an ultra compact temperature-insensitive modulator based on a cascaded microring assistant Mach-Zehnder interferometer is proposed and demonstrated with numerical simulation. According to the calculated results, the tolerated variation of ambient temperature can be as high as 134 ℃ while the footprint of such a silicon modulator is only 340 μm2.

Theoretical Analysis and Experiment of Temperature Stability for Fiber-optic Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Filter

Fiber optic Mach Zehnder interferometer(MZI) can be used as wavelength multiplexers and demultiplexers. The △ L and △ directly influence the properties of MZI. To lengthen the △ L can demultiplex much more wavelengths, but when the △ L is longer, the temperature will influence MZI more seriously. A method to solve this problem is proposed, which enables MZI to work stably. The wavelength distance is 0.8 nm, and the extinction ratio is high.

基于激光诱导等离子体的Mach⁃Zehnder干涉法测量气体介质恢复特性的研究

在高压电器中,灭弧气体的应用十分广泛,气体的灭弧性能与其恢复特性息息相关。对于气体介质的灭弧性能测量,已有理论研究中的建模仿真方法以及一些直接或间接的测量电子密度的手段都存在较明显的缺点。为解决这一问题,文中通过Mach⁃Zehnder干涉法可以较为精确地测量出弧后各时间点的电子密度这一研究气体介质恢复特性的关键参数。同时考虑到断路器结构下新型气体介质测量成本高昂,文中设计了基于激光诱导等离子的气体介质恢复特性测量实验。通过该实验,对SF_(6)、CO_(2)和N_(2)的电子密度衰减特性进行测量,其电子密度的衰减速率特征值为SF(61)>CO(20.77)>N(20.72),并与已有结论进行对比,验证了该方法的可行性。

物理实验教学中的融会贯通——以光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪实验为例

实验教学是大学物理大类课程教学中非常重要的一环,实验设备就是连接抽象理论和直观现象最好的桥梁。实验授课教师不仅需要对实验涉及的各个知识点做深入讲解,还需要将实验关联课程中的理论知识和应用技术进行融会贯通,利用实验课这种面对面高效沟通的教学方式,引导同学们更深刻地理解物理现象的本质。本文以光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪实验为例,介绍了在该实验教学中的融会贯通相关知识点的方式,旨在让学生通过实验操作过程和结果分析来拓展完善自身物理相关知识体系。

Plasmonic Mach-Zehnder interferometric sensor based on a metal-insulator-metal nanostructure

A plasmonic Mach-Zehnder interferometric sensor based on a semicircular aperture-slit nanostructure patterned on a metal-insulator-metal film is proposed and demonstrated by finite difference time domain（FDTD） simulation. Due to the interference between two different surface plasmon polariton modes in this design, the transmission spectra exhibit oscillation behaviors in a broad bandwidth, and can be readily tailored by changing the SPP path length and core layer thickness. Based on this principle, the characteristics of refractive index sensing are also demonstrated by simulation. This structure is illuminated with a collimated light source from the back side to avoid impacts on the interference. Meanwhile,these results show that the proposed structure is promising for portable, efficient, and sensitive biosensing applications.

低功耗聚合物Mach-Zehnder热光开关

采用传统的半导体工艺制作了聚合物Mach-Zehnder型热光开关.利用扫描电镜观测波导形貌,通过红外摄像机观测波导的近场输出光斑,在通信波段1550nm波长下测试了器件的输出光谱.在电极上施加直流信号,测得热光开关的消光比为-15dB,驱动功率为16mW.引入直流偏置网络,获得了器件的开关特性曲线,经测量开关上升时间为1.2ms,下降时间为0.8ms.

全光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪及其在光纤自发布里渊散射测量中的应用

从理论上分析了全光纤 Mach- Zehnder干涉仪的分光原理 ,并将所研制的全光纤单通Mach- Zehnder干涉仪和双通 Mach- Zehnder干涉仪应用于自发布里渊散射光谱的测量 。

使用硅橡胶涂敷的全光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的压力传感研究

用硅橡胶对Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的传感臂进行涂敷,可以增加干涉仪压力传感的灵敏度.实验中分别使用宽带和窄带光源,借助光谱仪和光功率计观测干涉谱波长改变和光谱峰值功率变化,对微小压力进行了测量.当压力改变为1.03×10-4MPa时,波长改变约0.02 nm,系统传感灵敏度为1.96×10-4nm/Pa,是涂敷前的2.15倍.

基于Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的光纤入侵行为识别系统

为实现高精度识别功能,基于Mach-Zehnder光纤传感器建立光纤入侵行为识别系统。引入多元回归统计原理,建立常用信号特征参量与设定因变量之间的多元回归方程。通过逐步引入校验方法,验证回归模型的显著性校验,实现特征的优化选取。利用选取的有效特征,构造基于感知准则的入侵行为识别系统.实验证明基于多元统计原理的入侵行为识别系统具有良好的识别准确率,且识别准确率达到83.33%。

一个新型的基于全光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪BOTDR系统

报道了新型的分布式传感测量布里渊光时域反射 (BOTDR)系统 布里渊散射频移和强度均依赖于温度和应变 ,因此 ,BOTDR利用光纤中的自发布里渊散射作为测量信号可以实现分布式温度和应变测量 在BOTDR中 ,光源采用窄谱半导体激光器 ,并由声光调制器调制成脉冲光 ,经掺铒光纤放大器放大后 ,注入测试光纤以产生自发布里渊散射 利用双通Mach Zehnder干涉仪分离光纤背向散射中的自发布里渊散射与瑞利散射信号 ,实现了自发布里渊散射的直接检测 实验结果表明基于全光纤Mach

光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪测风激光雷达技术与数值仿真

基于光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪双边缘检测技术,提出并设计了一套全光纤非相干测风激光雷达系统,对多普勒频移的提取和风速反演算法进行了理论分析,针对大气分子散射信号的特点,对光纤Mach-Zehnder鉴频系统进行了优化设计.应用美国标准大气模型,对系统的灵敏度、信噪比以及测量误差进行了数值仿真.仿真结果表明,对532nm波长的地基分子散射测风激光雷达,当垂直距离分辨率为300m,进行1 000次激光脉冲累计平均后,得到径向探测距离达到20km,径向风速在±100m/s的范围内时,径向风速误差小于1.4m/s,说明此系统可以进行远距离大尺度风速的测量,为新型小型化测风激光雷达的开发及研制提供了一种可行的技术方案.