CAD/CAM integration is broadly viewed as tool integration. From this point of view, both CAD/CAM software and hardware are considered as tools. A great advantage of this view point is that a very flexible paradigm is...CAD/CAM integration is broadly viewed as tool integration. From this point of view, both CAD/CAM software and hardware are considered as tools. A great advantage of this view point is that a very flexible paradigm is introduced, in which the CAD/CAM system for a particular industrial application can be customized and built by selecting a set of tools. This paper intends to shed some lights on the principles for designing the architecture of such a tool integration environment. Although such an environment is no more than a computer program sys. tem itself, its particular characteristics arising from its unique role, i.e., tool integration, make the discussion on the designing of an environment architecture nontrivial. The paper externalizes the author's experiences in implementing an tool integration environment for production machines.In particular, the discussion renders some insights into the concepts such as tool integration models, various views of an environment architecture, classification of data into tool-data and environment data, and employment of the information relativity principle in making an environment architecture flexible. The paper will take production machines design as a target application that an environment system is developed for, owing to its extreme complexity and thus make sense of coverage of other engineering applications.展开更多
This paper examines the history of China’s machine design methods and its status quo. First of all, it discusses machine design methods in ancient China. (1)The design idea of creation by the intelligent and expositi...This paper examines the history of China’s machine design methods and its status quo. First of all, it discusses machine design methods in ancient China. (1)The design idea of creation by the intelligent and exposition by the ingenious. (2)The design principle of the dependence of workmanship on criteria. (3)A macroscopic view of the object of design. (4)The design method of manufacture emphasizing shape. (5)Technological requirements on excellent material and consummate skill. Second, it discusses machine design ideas in ancient China. (1)The system idea in machine design, (2)The idea of machine design.(3)The idea of standardization in machine design. (4)The idea of automation in machine design. Finally, it discusses the status quo and a look ahead of the theory of machine design in China.展开更多
The key techniques of modular design of heavy duty NC mathine tools are described. Amodule definition modelfor modular design and manufacturing of heavy duty NC machine tools isbulit and the essential composition of t...The key techniques of modular design of heavy duty NC mathine tools are described. Amodule definition modelfor modular design and manufacturing of heavy duty NC machine tools isbulit and the essential composition of the module definition model (MDM) is discussed in detail. Itis composed of two models: the part definition model (PDM) and the module assembly model(MAM). The PDM and MAM are built and their structures are given. Using object-oriented know-ledge representation and based on these models, an intelligent support system of modular design forheavy duty NC machine tools is developed and implemented This system has been applied to thepractical use of Wuhan Heavy Duty Machine Tool Works展开更多
With its great achievements in science and technology, China's mechanical engineeringholds an extremely important standing in the history of world civilization. In the long years ofhistory, the Chinese nation has ...With its great achievements in science and technology, China's mechanical engineeringholds an extremely important standing in the history of world civilization. In the long years ofhistory, the Chinese nation has worked innumerable wonders of machines. This paper investigates thehistory of China's Inachine design methods and discusses the machine design ideas in ancient China:1). The system idea in machine design: 2) The idea of machine design: 3) The idea ofstandardization in machine design: 4) The idea of automation in machine design.展开更多
In this paper,size and shape optimization problem of a machine gun system is addressed with an efficient hybrid method,in which a novel and flexible mesh morphing technique is employed to achieve fast parameterization...In this paper,size and shape optimization problem of a machine gun system is addressed with an efficient hybrid method,in which a novel and flexible mesh morphing technique is employed to achieve fast parameterization and modification of complexity structure without going back to CAD for reconstruction of geometric models or to finite element analysis( FEA) for remodeling. Design of experiments( DOE) and response surface method( RSM) are applied to approximate the constitutive parameters of a machine gun system based on experimental tests. Further FEA,secondary development technique and genetic algorithm( GA) are introduced to find all the optimal solutions in one go and the optimal design of the demonstrated machine gun system is obtained. Results of the rigid-flexible coupling dynamic analysis and exterior ballistics calculation validate the proposed methodology,which is relatively time-saving,reliable and has the potential to solve similar problems.展开更多
It is only the observable part of the real world that can be stored in data. For such incomplete and ill-structured data, data crystallizing aims at presenting the hidden structure among events including unobservable ...It is only the observable part of the real world that can be stored in data. For such incomplete and ill-structured data, data crystallizing aims at presenting the hidden structure among events including unobservable events. This is realized by data crystallization, where dummy items, corresponding to potential existence ofunobservable events, are inserted to the given data. These dummy items and their relations with observable events are visualized by applying KeyGraph to the data with dummy items, like the crystallization of snow where dusts are involved in the formation of crystallization of water molecules. For tuning the granularity level of structure to be visualized, the tool of data crystallization is integrated with human's process of understanding significant scenarios in the real world. This basic method is expected to be applicable for various real world domains where previous methods of chance-discovery lead human to successful decision making. In this paper, we apply the data crystallization with human-interactive annealing (DCHA) to the design of products in a real company. The results show its effect to industrial decision making.展开更多
The robust parameter design method is a traditional approach to robust experimental design that seeks to obtain the optimal combination of factors/levels. To overcome some of the defects of the inflatable wing paramet...The robust parameter design method is a traditional approach to robust experimental design that seeks to obtain the optimal combination of factors/levels. To overcome some of the defects of the inflatable wing parameter design method, this paper proposes an optimization design scheme based on orthogonal testing and support vector machines (SVMs). Orthogonal testing design is used to estimate the appropriate initial value and variation domain of each variable to decrease the number of iterations and improve the identification accuracy and efficiency. Orthogonal tests consisting of three factors and three levels are designed to analyze the parameters of pressure, uniform applied load and the number of chambers that affect the bending response of inflatable wings. An SVM intelligent model is established and limited orthogonal test swatches are studied. Thus, the precise relationships between each parameter and product quality features, as well the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), can be obtained. This can guide general technological design optimization.展开更多
In this study, we present a constructive algorithm for training cooperative support vector machine ensembles (CSVMEs). CSVME combines ensemble architecture design with cooperative training for individual SVMs in ens...In this study, we present a constructive algorithm for training cooperative support vector machine ensembles (CSVMEs). CSVME combines ensemble architecture design with cooperative training for individual SVMs in ensembles. Unlike most previous studies on training ensembles, CSVME puts emphasis on both accuracy and collaboration among individual SVMs in an ensemble. A group of SVMs selected on the basis of recursive classifier elimination is used in CSVME, and the number of the individual SVMs selected to construct CSVME is determined by 10-fold cross-validation. This kind of SVME has been tested on two ovarian cancer datasets previously obtained by proteomic mass spectrometry. By combining several individual SVMs, the proposed method achieves better performance than the SVME of all base SVMs.展开更多
The majority of nanopositioning and nanomeasuring machines(NPMMs)are based on three independent linear movements in a Cartesian coordinate system.This in combination with the specific nature of sensors and tools limit...The majority of nanopositioning and nanomeasuring machines(NPMMs)are based on three independent linear movements in a Cartesian coordinate system.This in combination with the specific nature of sensors and tools limits the addressable part geometries.An enhancement of an NPMM is introduced by the implementation of rotational movements while keeping the precision in the nanometer range.For this purpose,a parameter-based dynamic evaluation system with quantifiable technological parameters has been set up and employed to identify and assess general solution concepts and adequate substructures.Evaluations taken show high potential for three linear movements of the object in combination with two angular movements of the tool.The influence of the additional rotation systems on the existing structure of NPMMs has been investigated further on.Test series on the repeatability of an NPMM enhanced by a chosen combination of a rotary stage and a goniometer setup are realized.As a result of these test series,the necessity of in situ position determination of the tool became very clear.The tool position is measured in situ in relation to a hemispherical reference mirror by three Fabry-Perot interferometers.FEA optimization has been used to enhance the overall system structure with regard to reproducibility and long-term stability.Results have been experimentally investigated by use of a retroreflector as a tool and the various laser interferometers of the NPMM.The knowledge gained has been formed into general rules for the verification and optimization of design solutions for multiaxial nanopositioning machines.展开更多
In past years a great deal of research work for the hydraulic design of pump sumps has been executed by means of experiments. Due to the differences of their experimental conditions, there were some obvious difference...In past years a great deal of research work for the hydraulic design of pump sumps has been executed by means of experiments. Due to the differences of their experimental conditions, there were some obvious differences between the design rules suggested from different researchers. In this paper a method based on the 3-D numerical simulation of turbulence flow has been applied to hydraulically optimize the geometrical parameters of pump sumps, which makes it possible to establish the hydraulic criteria of design for pump sumps theoretically.展开更多
A novel design and fabrication approach for a high fill-factor micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) micromirror array-based wavelength-selective switch (WSS) is presented. The WSS is composed of a polarization-i...A novel design and fabrication approach for a high fill-factor micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) micromirror array-based wavelength-selective switch (WSS) is presented. The WSS is composed of a polarization-independent transmission grating and a high fill-factor micromirror array. The WSS is successfully demonstrated based on the fabricated high fill-factor micromirror array. Test results show that the polarization-dependent loss (PDL) is less than 0.3 dB and that the insertion loss (IL) of the wavelength channel is about -6 dB. The switching function between the two output ports of WSS is measured. The forward switching time is recorded to be about 0.5 ms, whereas the backward switching time is about 7 ms.展开更多
文摘CAD/CAM integration is broadly viewed as tool integration. From this point of view, both CAD/CAM software and hardware are considered as tools. A great advantage of this view point is that a very flexible paradigm is introduced, in which the CAD/CAM system for a particular industrial application can be customized and built by selecting a set of tools. This paper intends to shed some lights on the principles for designing the architecture of such a tool integration environment. Although such an environment is no more than a computer program sys. tem itself, its particular characteristics arising from its unique role, i.e., tool integration, make the discussion on the designing of an environment architecture nontrivial. The paper externalizes the author's experiences in implementing an tool integration environment for production machines.In particular, the discussion renders some insights into the concepts such as tool integration models, various views of an environment architecture, classification of data into tool-data and environment data, and employment of the information relativity principle in making an environment architecture flexible. The paper will take production machines design as a target application that an environment system is developed for, owing to its extreme complexity and thus make sense of coverage of other engineering applications.
文摘This paper examines the history of China’s machine design methods and its status quo. First of all, it discusses machine design methods in ancient China. (1)The design idea of creation by the intelligent and exposition by the ingenious. (2)The design principle of the dependence of workmanship on criteria. (3)A macroscopic view of the object of design. (4)The design method of manufacture emphasizing shape. (5)Technological requirements on excellent material and consummate skill. Second, it discusses machine design ideas in ancient China. (1)The system idea in machine design, (2)The idea of machine design.(3)The idea of standardization in machine design. (4)The idea of automation in machine design. Finally, it discusses the status quo and a look ahead of the theory of machine design in China.
文摘The key techniques of modular design of heavy duty NC mathine tools are described. Amodule definition modelfor modular design and manufacturing of heavy duty NC machine tools isbulit and the essential composition of the module definition model (MDM) is discussed in detail. Itis composed of two models: the part definition model (PDM) and the module assembly model(MAM). The PDM and MAM are built and their structures are given. Using object-oriented know-ledge representation and based on these models, an intelligent support system of modular design forheavy duty NC machine tools is developed and implemented This system has been applied to thepractical use of Wuhan Heavy Duty Machine Tool Works
文摘With its great achievements in science and technology, China's mechanical engineeringholds an extremely important standing in the history of world civilization. In the long years ofhistory, the Chinese nation has worked innumerable wonders of machines. This paper investigates thehistory of China's Inachine design methods and discusses the machine design ideas in ancient China:1). The system idea in machine design: 2) The idea of machine design: 3) The idea ofstandardization in machine design: 4) The idea of automation in machine design.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51376090,51676099)
文摘In this paper,size and shape optimization problem of a machine gun system is addressed with an efficient hybrid method,in which a novel and flexible mesh morphing technique is employed to achieve fast parameterization and modification of complexity structure without going back to CAD for reconstruction of geometric models or to finite element analysis( FEA) for remodeling. Design of experiments( DOE) and response surface method( RSM) are applied to approximate the constitutive parameters of a machine gun system based on experimental tests. Further FEA,secondary development technique and genetic algorithm( GA) are introduced to find all the optimal solutions in one go and the optimal design of the demonstrated machine gun system is obtained. Results of the rigid-flexible coupling dynamic analysis and exterior ballistics calculation validate the proposed methodology,which is relatively time-saving,reliable and has the potential to solve similar problems.
文摘It is only the observable part of the real world that can be stored in data. For such incomplete and ill-structured data, data crystallizing aims at presenting the hidden structure among events including unobservable events. This is realized by data crystallization, where dummy items, corresponding to potential existence ofunobservable events, are inserted to the given data. These dummy items and their relations with observable events are visualized by applying KeyGraph to the data with dummy items, like the crystallization of snow where dusts are involved in the formation of crystallization of water molecules. For tuning the granularity level of structure to be visualized, the tool of data crystallization is integrated with human's process of understanding significant scenarios in the real world. This basic method is expected to be applicable for various real world domains where previous methods of chance-discovery lead human to successful decision making. In this paper, we apply the data crystallization with human-interactive annealing (DCHA) to the design of products in a real company. The results show its effect to industrial decision making.
文摘The robust parameter design method is a traditional approach to robust experimental design that seeks to obtain the optimal combination of factors/levels. To overcome some of the defects of the inflatable wing parameter design method, this paper proposes an optimization design scheme based on orthogonal testing and support vector machines (SVMs). Orthogonal testing design is used to estimate the appropriate initial value and variation domain of each variable to decrease the number of iterations and improve the identification accuracy and efficiency. Orthogonal tests consisting of three factors and three levels are designed to analyze the parameters of pressure, uniform applied load and the number of chambers that affect the bending response of inflatable wings. An SVM intelligent model is established and limited orthogonal test swatches are studied. Thus, the precise relationships between each parameter and product quality features, as well the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), can be obtained. This can guide general technological design optimization.
基金partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60574019 and 60474045)the National Basic Research Program(973 Program)of China(No.2002CB312200)+2 种基金the Key Technologies R&D Program of Zhejiang Province (No.2005C21087)the Academician Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.2005A1001-13)the Center for Bioinformatics Program Grant of Harvard Center of Neurodegeneration and Repair,Harvard Medical School,Boston,USA.
文摘In this study, we present a constructive algorithm for training cooperative support vector machine ensembles (CSVMEs). CSVME combines ensemble architecture design with cooperative training for individual SVMs in ensembles. Unlike most previous studies on training ensembles, CSVME puts emphasis on both accuracy and collaboration among individual SVMs in an ensemble. A group of SVMs selected on the basis of recursive classifier elimination is used in CSVME, and the number of the individual SVMs selected to construct CSVME is determined by 10-fold cross-validation. This kind of SVME has been tested on two ovarian cancer datasets previously obtained by proteomic mass spectrometry. By combining several individual SVMs, the proposed method achieves better performance than the SVME of all base SVMs.
基金the support of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)in the framework of Research Training Group“Tip-and laser-based 3D-nanofabrication in extended macroscopic working areas”(GRK 2182)at the Technische Universitat Ilmenau,Germany。
文摘The majority of nanopositioning and nanomeasuring machines(NPMMs)are based on three independent linear movements in a Cartesian coordinate system.This in combination with the specific nature of sensors and tools limits the addressable part geometries.An enhancement of an NPMM is introduced by the implementation of rotational movements while keeping the precision in the nanometer range.For this purpose,a parameter-based dynamic evaluation system with quantifiable technological parameters has been set up and employed to identify and assess general solution concepts and adequate substructures.Evaluations taken show high potential for three linear movements of the object in combination with two angular movements of the tool.The influence of the additional rotation systems on the existing structure of NPMMs has been investigated further on.Test series on the repeatability of an NPMM enhanced by a chosen combination of a rotary stage and a goniometer setup are realized.As a result of these test series,the necessity of in situ position determination of the tool became very clear.The tool position is measured in situ in relation to a hemispherical reference mirror by three Fabry-Perot interferometers.FEA optimization has been used to enhance the overall system structure with regard to reproducibility and long-term stability.Results have been experimentally investigated by use of a retroreflector as a tool and the various laser interferometers of the NPMM.The knowledge gained has been formed into general rules for the verification and optimization of design solutions for multiaxial nanopositioning machines.
文摘In past years a great deal of research work for the hydraulic design of pump sumps has been executed by means of experiments. Due to the differences of their experimental conditions, there were some obvious differences between the design rules suggested from different researchers. In this paper a method based on the 3-D numerical simulation of turbulence flow has been applied to hydraulically optimize the geometrical parameters of pump sumps, which makes it possible to establish the hydraulic criteria of design for pump sumps theoretically.
基金supported by the National "863" Program of China (Nos. 2008AA03Z406 and 2009AA03 Z443)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60877066)
文摘A novel design and fabrication approach for a high fill-factor micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) micromirror array-based wavelength-selective switch (WSS) is presented. The WSS is composed of a polarization-independent transmission grating and a high fill-factor micromirror array. The WSS is successfully demonstrated based on the fabricated high fill-factor micromirror array. Test results show that the polarization-dependent loss (PDL) is less than 0.3 dB and that the insertion loss (IL) of the wavelength channel is about -6 dB. The switching function between the two output ports of WSS is measured. The forward switching time is recorded to be about 0.5 ms, whereas the backward switching time is about 7 ms.