Dietary Macleaya cordata extract supplementation improves the growth performance and gut health of broiler chickens with necrotic enteritis

Background The poultry industry needs effective antibiotic alternatives to control outbreaks of necrotic enteritis(NE)caused by Clostridium perfringens.Methods The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with Macleaya cordata extract(MCE)on the immune function and gut microbiota of broilers with NE.A total of 2881-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to a 2×2 factorial arrangement with two concentrations of dietary MCE supplementation(0 or 350 mg/kg of diet)and two disease challenge statuses(control or NE).Results The results revealed that NE significantly increased the feed conversion rate(FCR),mortality,intestinal lesion score,the levels of IL-1β,IL-17 and IFN-γ/IL-4 in serum and IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa,m RNA levels of TLR2,IFN-γand p Ig R in the jejunum,and Clostridium perfringens concentrations in the cecum.NE significantly decreased the body weight(BW),body weight gain(BWG),jejunal villus height,V/C,m RNA level of AMPK-α1 in jejunum,IL-4 level in the jejunal mucosa and lactic acid bacteria abundance in the cecum.MCE significantly increased BW,BWG,jejunal villus height,V/C,m RNA levels of occludin,ZO-1 and AMPK-α1 in the jejunum,the levels of Ig A and Ig G in serum and IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa and m RNA levels of NF-κB,IL-10 and MHC-II in the jejunum.Additionally,MCE significantly decreased the FCR,mortality,intestinal lesion score,jejunal crypt depth,the levels of IFN-γand IL-17 in serum and IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa,Clostridium perfringens concentrations in the cecum,and m RNA levels of IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunum.Moreover,NE significantly increased the abundance of bacteria that are associated with inflammation,obesity and depression(Alistipes,Barnesiella,Intestinimonas,RF39 and UCG-005)and significantly decreased the abundance of short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)-producing bacteria(Anaerotruncus,Butyricicoccus and Bacteroides)in the cecum.MCE significantly increased the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria(Streptococcus,Ruminococcus_torques_group and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group)and significantly reduced the abundance of bacteria that are associated with inflammation and obesity(Alistipes,Barnesiella and UCG-010)in the cecum.In the cecum of broilers with NE,the relative abundance of Barnesiella and Alistipes was higher and that of Lachnoclostridium and Shuttleworthia was lower.Interestingly,these trends were reversed by the addition of MCE to the diet.Spearman correlation analysis showed that Barnesiella and Alistipes were associated with enhanced intestinal inflammation and inhibited growth performance,whereas Lachnoclostridium and Shuttleworthia were associated with anti-inflammatory effects.Conclusions MCE ameliorated the loss of growth performance in broiler chickens with NE,probably by regulating the intestinal barrier,immune function,and gut microbiota.

Dietary supplementation of Macleaya cordata extract and Bacillus in combination improve laying performance by regulating reproductive hormones,intestinal microbiota and barrier function of laying hens

Background:This study aimed to investigate whether the combination of Macleaya cordata extract(MCE)and Bacil-lus could improve the laying performance and health of laying hens better.Methods:A total of 36029-week-old Jingbai laying hens were randomly divided into 4 treatments:control group(basal diet),MCE group(basal diet+MCE),Probiotics Bacillus Compound(PBC)group(basal diet+compound Bacil-lus),MCE+PBC group(basal diet+MCE+compound Bacillus).The feeding experiment lasted for 42 d.Results:The results showed that the laying rate and the average daily egg mass in the MCE+PBC group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05)and better than the MCE and PBC group.Combina-tion of MCE and Bacillus significantly increased the content of follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)in the serum and up-regulated the expression of related hormone receptor gene(estrogen receptor-β,FSHR and luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor)in the ovary of laying hens(P<0.05).In the MCE+PBC group,the mRNA expressions of zonula occluden-1,Occludin and mucin-2 in jejunum was increased and the intestinal epithelial barrier detected by transmission electron microscopy was enhanced compared with the control group(P<0.05).In addition,compared with the control group,combination of MCE and Bacillus significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity and catalase activity(P<0.05),and down-regulated the mRNA expressions of inflammation-related genes(interleukin-1βand tumor necrosis factor-α)as well as apoptosis-related genes(Caspase 3,Caspase 8 and P53)(P<0.05).The concen-tration of acetic acid and butyric acid in the cecum content of laying hens in the MCE+PBC group was significantly increased compared with the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions:Collectively,dietary supplementation of 600μg/kg MCE and 5×108 CFU/kg compound Bacillus can improve laying performance by improving microbiota to enhance antioxidant capacity and intestinal barrier,regulate reproductive hormones and the concentration of cecal short-chain fatty acids of laying hens,and the combined effect of MCE and Bacillus is better than that of single supplementation.

Effects of Macleaya cordata Extracts on Growth Performance and Immune Function of Immunosuppressed Laying Chicks

[Objective] The paper was to study the effects of Macleaya cordata extracts on growth performance and immune function of immunosuppressed laying chicks. [Method] A total of 120 1-day-old laying chicks with the body weight of (38.76±1.12) g were randomly divided into 3 groups with 40 replicates per treatment and 1 chick per replicate according to the principle of consistent body weight and half male and half female,namely control group, cyclophosphamide (CTX) group and M. cordata group. The trial lasted 21 d. The chicks in control group and CTX group were fed with basal diet, and those in M. cordata group were fed with the basal diet supplemented with 40 mg/kg M. cordata extract. On the 8^(th), 9^(th), 10^(th) and 17^(th) day of the trial, the chicks in CTX group and M. cordata group were intraperitoneally injected with 80 mg/kg BW CTX, and those in control group were intraperitoneally injected with equal dose of normal saline. [Result] (1) Compared with control group, the average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of chicks in CTX group reduced significantly;the feed gain ratio (F/G) increased significantly;the white blood cell count (WBC) decreased significantly;the alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspertate aminotransferase (AST) levels in the blood increased significant -ly;the total protein (TP) and globulin (GLOB) content in the blood decreased significantly;the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased significantly;and the contents of immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the serum decreased significantly. (2)Compared with CTX group, the ADG and ADFI of chicks in M. cordata group increased significantly;the F/G decreased significantly;the WBC, red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematokrit (HCT) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) increased sig -nificantly;the contents of ALT, AST and MDA in the serum decreased significantly;the contents of TP, GLOB, IgG, Ig M, IL -1β, interleukin-6(IL-6) and IL-10 in the serum increased significantly;and the bursa of fabricius index increased significantly. (3) Compared with control group, the ADG and ADFI of chicks in M. cordata group increased significantly, and the contents of HGB and HCT in the blood increased significantly. [Conclusion] CTX injection will reduce the growth performance, antioxidant and immune function of laying chicks. The addition of M. cordata extract could restore the growth performance, immune function and antioxidant function impaired by CTX.

Macleaya cordata extract exhibits some potential as a surrogate antibiotic by improving gastrointestinal epithelial status and humoral response in goats

Macleaya cordata extract(MCE)is a potential replacement for antibiotics.In the current study,effects of MCE on the gastrointestinal health and humoral responses of host animals were explored.A total of 30 weanling goats with similar body weight of 9.15±1.36 kg were randomly allocated into three groups(n=10 per group):control group(CON group,fed with a basal diet),antibiotic group(Abx group,fed with the basal diet supplemented with 0.18 g/d vancomycin and 0.36 g/d neomycin),and MCE group(fed with the basal diet supplemented with 5 g/d MCE),for three weeks.Results showed that antibiotic addition decreased the height and area of rumen papillae,ruminal mucosa Toll-like receptor 8(TLR8),interleukin-8(IL-8)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)gene relative expression levels and microbial diversity,altered the volatile fatty acid(VFA)profile in the rumen,and increased monocytes amount and CD4+T cells percentage in the peripheral blood(P<0.05)compared to CON group.MCE addition increased the average daily gain,ileal villus height,villus height/crypt depth,and immunoglobulin M(IgM)content in the peripheral blood(P<0.05)compared to the CON.Additionally,MCE addition decreased the proportion of isobutyric acid in the chyme of the ileum(P=0.005)compared to the CON group.These results suggest that antibiotic supplementation may suppress the epithelial state and microbial diversity and fermentation in goats,but stimulate cellular response to maintain the growth performance of goats.MCE administration improved the epithelial state and humoral response to promote the growth performance in goats.

Macleaya cordata extract alleviated oxidative stress and altered innate immune response in mice challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

This study examines the effects of dietary Macleaya cordata extract(MCE) on bacterial burden and resistance to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC) in ICR mice. ICR mice were randomly distributed into one of the following groups:(i) basal diet;(ii)basal diet with 200 mg kg–1 MCE;(iii) basal diet challenged with ETEC;and(iv) basal diet with 200 mg kg–1 MCE and challenged with ETEC. Following a 7-day period of pre-treatment, CTRL-ETEC and MCE-ETEC mice were subjected to oral infection using 5×108 E. coli SEC 470. The results showed dietary 200 mg kg–1 MCE markedly reduced intestinal ETEC burden(P<0.05) and the disease-associated mortality was significantly alleviated in the MCE treated group(P<0.05). In addition,dietary MCE markedly alleviated ETEC-induced oxidative stress, evidenced by the lowered methane dicarboxylic aldehyde(MDA) abundance and enhanced activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase(P<0.05). Furthermore, MCE mice exhibited higher immune activity, which might have further mediated ETEC infection. These results indicate MCE plays a preventative role with respect to ETEC infection. Future research should aim to develop MCE as a therapeutic approach to the promotion of intestinal health and a safeguard against ETEC infection.

Residue Study for a Standardized <i>Macleaya cordata</i>Extract in Growing-Finishing Swine

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Sangrovit&reg;, a standardized preparation of Macleaya cordata extract (MCE), on the health status and retained residues in growing-finishing swine. A total of twelve growing-finishing swine (n = 6 for each group) were randomly divided into two groups and fed either a control feed or the control feed supplemented with 100 mg/kg Sangrovit&reg;(3.5 mg/kg MCE) for 28 days. The parameters for growth and health status were evaluated during the trial and after which the animals were slaughtered. Residual levels of MCE in swine organs and tissues were determined by measuring sanguinarine and chelerythrine levels by LC-MS/MS. The results showed no statistically significant differences in live weight, feed intake and average daily gain between the treatment and control groups. The feed supplemented with 100 mg/kg Sangrovit&reg;was well tolerated by the swine, with no adverse effects noted during the feeding period or in the necropsy results. Residue analysis indicated that levels of sanguinarine or chelerythrine were under the limit of detection in all the examined tissues and organs from the treated swine. This study demonstrates that Sangrovit&reg;, a standardized preparation of MCE when fed to growing-finishing swine for 28 days, at the level of 100 mg/kg in feed, does not result in sanguinarine or chelerythrine residues in the organs or tissues.

博落回提取物对脂多糖刺激的肉仔鸡抗氧化功能、免疫功能及肠道紧密连接蛋白表达的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加博落回提取物对脂多糖(LPS)刺激的肉仔鸡血浆抗氧化功能、免疫功能和肠道紧密连接蛋白基因表达量的影响。选用1日龄雄性AA肉仔鸡256只,采用2×2双因素试验设计,主因子分别为博落回添加水平(0、400 mg/kg)和免疫处理(注射生理盐水或LPS)。每个处理8个重复,每个重复8只鸡,试验期为21 d。结果显示:(1)LPS刺激使血浆总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性显著降低(P<0.05);而饲粮添加博落回提取物可显著提高血浆中GSH-Px和T-SOD的活性(P<0.05)。(2)博落回提取物可显著提高血浆中免疫球蛋白IgG水平,降低血浆中诱导性一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)活性(P<0.05)。(3)LPS刺激显著降低空肠紧密连接蛋白Occludin、ZO-1和ZO-2的mRNA表达量(P<0.05);而博落回提取物添加显著提高Claudin-3、Occludin和ZO-2的mRNA表达量(P<0.05)。综上,日粮添加400 mg/kg博落回提取物能够提高LPS刺激下肉仔鸡的抗氧化功能、免疫功能以及肠道屏障功能。

博落回提取物的生物活性及其在畜禽生产中的应用

随着国家“限抗禁抗”政策的全面实施,找寻安全、健康的抗生素替代物成为畜牧业未来发展的关键.中草药作为绿色健康的饲料添加剂现已成为研究的热点.博落回作为一种特殊的中草药,因其具有抗菌抗炎、抗氧化、增强免疫力、防病、促生长等作用,被作为饲料添加剂可替代抗生素药物用于动物生产,促进动物生长及减少动物疾病,因此关于博落回的研究空间巨大.论文对博落回及其活性成分的提取分离、药理作用进行了综述,并对其应用于动物生产中的效果进行讨论,以期为博落回活性成分的提取加工、进一步研究与应用提供参考.

博落回提取物对雪峰乌骨鸡雏鸡生长性能和血清生化指标及肠道形态的影响

将1日龄雪峰乌骨鸡504只随机分为3组,每组设置8个重复(每个重复21只),试验期42 d,其间,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组Ⅱ(组Ⅱ)、试验组Ⅲ(组Ⅲ)分别在基础日粮中添加666、1332 mg/kg博落回提取物(MCE),以探究饲粮中添加MCE对育雏阶段雪峰乌骨鸡生长性能、血清生化指标及肠道形态的影响。结果表明:组Ⅱ和组Ⅲ雏鸡的体质量、日增质量和日采食量均极显著(P<0.01)高于对照组的,组Ⅱ的分别提高了7.2%、8.0%、3.4%,组Ⅲ的分别提高了9.5%、10.3%、5.3%;组Ⅱ和组Ⅲ的料重比相较于对照组的分别下降了4.0%和4.4%;43日龄时,组Ⅱ和组Ⅲ的血清尿素氮水平极显著(P<0.01)低于对照组的,分别降低了26.2%和27.5%,组Ⅲ的血清总蛋白水平显著(P<0.05)高于对照组和组Ⅱ的,分别提高了58.9%和41.3%;添加MCE极显著(P<0.01)提高了十二指肠的绒毛高度(VH)、绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值(VH/CD),显著(P<0.05)降低了隐窝深度(CD),组Ⅱ和组Ⅲ十二指肠的VH分别提高了12.6%、13.6%,CD分别下降了10.5%、14.7%,VH/CD分别提高了25.5%、32.9%;组Ⅲ空肠的VH/CD比对照组和组Ⅱ的分别显著(P<0.05)增加了6.2%和2.6%。可见,饲粮中添加MCE有助于改善雪峰乌骨鸡雏鸡的肠道形态,促进饲粮中营养物质消化吸收并提高雏鸡的生长性能。

博落回水提取物对大肠杆菌攻毒断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻指数和肠道健康的影响

本试验旨在探究饲粮添加博落回水提取物对产肠毒素大肠杆菌(ETEC)攻毒断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻指数和肠道健康的影响。试验选取30头28日龄健康“杜×长×大”三元杂交断奶仔猪[体重(8.22±0.98)kg],随机分为3个组,每组10个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组和模型组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮的基础上添加1 mL/kg的博落回水提取物。预试期3 d,正试期18 d。在正试期第15天,模型组和试验组每只试验猪灌胃10 mL浓度为2×109CFU/mL的ETEC K88菌液,对照组灌胃同一剂量的无菌LB培养液。结果表明:1)第1~14天(攻毒前),与对照组相比,试验组断奶仔猪平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),料重比显著降低(P<0.05)。第15~18天(攻毒后)和整个试验期(第1~18天),各组断奶仔猪生长性能无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)攻毒后24 h,与对照组相比,模型组断奶仔猪腹泻指数显著提高(P<0.05);与模型组相比,试验组腹泻指数略有降低,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。攻毒后48 h,与对照组相比,模型组断奶仔猪腹泻指数显著提高(P<0.05);与模型组相比,试验组腹泻指数显著降低(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,模型组断奶仔猪空肠隐窝深度显著提高(P<0.05),空肠绒隐比显著降低(P<0.05);与模型组相比,试验组断奶仔猪空肠绒隐比、回肠绒毛高度和绒隐比显著提高(P<0.05),空肠隐窝深度显著降低(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,模型组断奶仔猪空肠白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)以及回肠白细胞介素-17(IL-17)、IL-1β、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-8(IL-8)的mRNA相对表达量显著提高(P<0.05);与模型组相比,试验组断奶仔猪空肠白细胞介素-18(IL-18)、IL-8和IL-1β以及回肠IL-17、IL-1β、TNF-α和IL-8的mRNA相对表达量显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加1 mL/kg的博落回水提取物能够改善断奶仔猪生长性能,缓解大肠杆菌感染造成的腹泻、生长性能下降、肠道绒毛高度下降和隐窝深度增加以及肠道炎症等问题。

博落回提取物对白羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能和肠道健康的影响

本试验旨在研究博落回提取物对白羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能和肠道健康的影响。选取体况一致和体重接近的1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡公雏384只,随机分为3个组,每组8个重复,每个重复16只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮的基础上添加250(低剂量组)和350 mg/kg(高剂量组)博落回提取物的饲粮。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验组白羽肉鸡25~30日龄平均日采食量(ADFI)显著提高(P<0.05);高剂量组白羽肉鸡30日龄体重有提高趋势(P=0.068),14~24日龄料重比(F/G)有降低趋势(P=0.060)。2)与对照组相比,试验组粪便含水量均显著降低(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,试验组白羽肉鸡30日龄血清白细胞介素-10(IL-10)含量显著提高(P<0.05);高剂量组血清干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量显著降低(P<0.05),血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量显著提高(P<0.05),血清白细胞介素-17(IL-17)含量有降低趋势(P=0.083)。4)与对照组相比,试验组白羽肉鸡30日龄空肠核因子-κB(NF-κB)的mRNA相对表达量显著提高(P<0.05),且低剂量组显著高于高剂量组(P<0.05);高剂量组空肠单磷酸腺苷活化蛋白激酶α(AMPKα)的mRNA相对表达量显著提高(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加350 mg/kg博落回提取物能够提高白羽肉鸡生长性能,降低粪便含水量和血清辅助性T(Th)1类细胞因子含量,提高血清Th2类细胞因子和IgG含量,增强体液免疫功能,并通过上调免疫应答和能量代谢相关基因表达,改善肠道健康。

博落回叶提取物对小鼠溃疡性结肠炎的影响

【目的】研究博落回叶提取物(Macleaya cordata leaf extract,MCLE)对葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)诱导的溃疡性结肠炎(UC)小鼠的保护作用,为博落回叶的资源利用和药物开发提供理论依据。【方法】选择60只C57BL/6小鼠,随机分成6组,即对照组(CON)组、DSS模型组、美沙拉嗪(MES)阳性对照组(200 mg/kg)及MCLE高(MCLE-H,450 mg/kg)、中(MCLE-M,150 mg/kg)、低(MCLE-L,50 mg/kg)剂量组,试验期14 d。通过小鼠的一般症状、体重变化、疾病活动指数(DAI)、脾脏指数、结肠长度及组织病理学等指标评价MCLE对DSS诱导的小鼠结肠炎模型的治疗效果。使用ELISA和实时荧光定量PCR分别检测血清和结肠组织中白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的表达水平;比色法测定结肠组织中髓过氧化物酶(MPO)和一氧化氮(NO)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量;通过分析16S rRNA基因序列确定MCLE对肠道菌群的影响;采用气相色谱法测定结肠内容物中短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)的含量。【结果】MCLE处理组均极显著抑制了UC小鼠的体重降低和结肠长度的缩短(P<0.01),并显著降低了小鼠DAI、脾脏指数及结肠组织病理学评分(P<0.05);MCLE显著下调了结肠和血清中IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的表达(P<0.05),降低了结肠组织中MPO、NO和MDA的含量(P<0.05),增加了GSH-Px、SOD活性及CAT含量(P<0.05);与DSS组相比,拟杆菌属、另枝菌属、阿克曼氏菌属等有益菌属在MCLE给药组中丰度占比增加,病原菌如脱硫弧菌属等占比减少。此外,MCLE治疗还显著提高了UC小鼠肠内容物中SCFAs(乙酸、丙酸、丁酸)的水平(P<0.05)。【结论】MCLE可能是通过调节炎症因子水平、减轻氧化应激影响、维持肠道菌群稳态和恢复短链脂肪酸的产生发挥抗结肠炎作用。

超声波辅助优化博落回根原阿片碱、别隐品碱提取工艺的研究

试验旨在使用超声波辅助优化博落回根原阿片碱、别隐品碱的提取工艺。采用单因素试验筛选提取工艺中的时间、液料比、提取次数的最佳条件,通过正交试验确定最佳提取条件;采用硅胶层析纯化原阿片碱、别隐品碱,使用液相色谱、红外光谱、紫外光谱表征所得产物。结果显示,液料比30 mL/g、提取1次、提取时间为30 min时,原阿片碱、别隐品碱提取率最高,分别为92.64%、90.93%。表征结果显示,提取物经柱层析纯化所得物质确定为别隐品碱和原阿片碱。研究表明,试验所用方法简单、快速,可为博落回资源的利用提供参考。

不同剂量博落回提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

为了研究不同剂量的博落回提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响,本试验选用(65±2)日龄、体重相近的杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪252头,随机分为7个处理组,分别饲喂基础日粮(空白对照Ⅰ组),同时在基础日粮中分别添加不同剂量的0.337、0.675、1.35、2.7、5.4mg/kg博落回提取物生物碱(以血根碱+白屈菜红碱总生物碱计),以及30mg/kg金霉素(阳性对照组)作试验组,试验期为28d,试验结束时测定各处理组的生长性能等指标。结果显示,与其它剂量组及金霉素组相比,日粮中添加0.675和1.35mg/kg博落回提取物生物碱,均能显著提高仔猪的采食量(P<0.05)、平均日增重(P<0.05),降低仔猪料重比(P<0.05)。同时日粮中添加不同剂量的博落回提取物生物碱能有效预防仔猪腹泻的发生率。因此,从改善仔猪的生长性能及提高经济效益角度考虑,在仔猪日粮中添加0.675mg/kg的博落回提取物(以血根碱+白屈菜红碱总生物碱计)为理想剂量。

博落回提取物对脂多糖诱导猪应激细胞应激参数及免疫球蛋白G和超氧化物歧化酶mRNA表达的影响

本文旨在研究博落回提取物对脂多糖(LPS)诱导猪应激细胞应激参数及免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)mRNA表达的影响。试验选用猪胚胎背部成纤维细胞,分别用正常细胞和以LPS刺激细胞建立的应激模型进行试验,对照组采用基础培养液,土霉素组在基础培养液中添加土霉素50μg/mL(阳性对照),博落回组在基础培养液中分别添加50、100、150 ng/mL的博落回提取物。检测IgG、溶菌酶(LSZ)、一氧化氮(NO)含量,一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性以及IgG和SOD mRNA表达量。结果表明:1)博落回组IgG、NO和LSZ含量及NOS活性均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),土霉素组IgG和LSZ含量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。2)对应激细胞和正常细胞而言,博落回组IgG mRNA表达量均极显著高于对照组和土霉素组(P<0.01),50和100 ng/mL博落回组均极显著高于150 ng/mL博落回组(P<0.01)。土霉素组IgG mRNA表达量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。100 ng/mL博落回组应激细胞IgG mRNA表达量极显著高于正常细胞(P<0.01)。3)对应激细胞和正常细胞而言,与对照组相比,添加博落回提取物50、100、150 ng/mL均极显著提高SOD mRNA表达量(P<0.01)。土霉素组SOD mRNA表达量极显著高于对照组和博落回组(P<0.01)。各组应激细胞SOD mRNA表达量均显著或极显著高于正常细胞(P<0.01)。综合各项指标,博落回提取物可提高LPS应激细胞IgG、NO和LSZ的含量及NOS活性,提高应激细胞和正常细胞IgG和SOD mRNA的表达量,总体效果优于土霉素,较好的添加浓度为50～100 ng/mL。

博落回提取物对乳鸽生长性能和免疫功能的影响

本试验旨在探讨博落回提取物对乳鸽生长性能、器官指数、血清生化指标和免疫功能的影响。选取了280只体重相近、健康的10日龄乳鸽,采用单因素完全随机试验设计,随机分为7个组,每组10个重复,每个重复4只乳鸽,对照组(A组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组(B、C、D、E、F、G组)分别在基础饲粮中添加30、40、50 mg/kg博落回散,40 mg/kg博落回提取物PE50,40 mg/kg博落回提取物BE60和150 mg/kg金霉素。预试期5 d,正试期15 d。结果显示:1)各组间平均日增重和料重比均无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)各组间胸腺指数和法氏囊指数均无显著差异(P>0.05)。E组脾脏指数极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),D组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。D组胰腺指数显著高于对照组、B组和F组(P<0.05)。3)E组血清总蛋白含量显著高于G组(P<0.05)。B组血清低密度脂蛋白含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。4)D组血清免疫球蛋白G含量极显著高于对照组和B组(P<0.01),显著高于其他组(P<0.05);E组血清白细胞介素-6含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。由此可见,博落回提取物可提高乳鸽免疫器官指数和血清中总蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、免疫球蛋白G含量,从而提高机体免疫力。

博落回提取物对大鼠急性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

目的探讨博落回提取物(Macleaya Cordataextract,MCE)对大鼠急性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用及其作用机制。方法采用白酒灌胃法建立大鼠急性酒精性肝损伤模型。将60只SD大鼠随机分为模型组,正常组,阳性药物组,MCE高、中、低剂量组,每组10只。检测各组大鼠血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和肝匀浆超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量,观察肝脏病理形态学改变,并测定肝组织中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白介素(IL-1β)的表达水平。结果与模型组相比较,经MCE预防性治疗后,大鼠血清中ALT、AST、LDH活性显著降低(P<0.01),肝组织中SOD活力明显增强、MDA含量显著下降、TNF-α与IL-1β表达水平显著降低(P<0.01),形态学观察显示MCE能明显改善肝组织病理形态。结论 MCE能改善肝功能,对大鼠急性酒精性肝损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与其减轻肝脏炎症、抗脂质过氧化作用有关。

博落回生物碱酸水提取工艺及优化

[目的]探究博落回总碱的酸水提取工艺。[方法]以植物博落回为原料,研究总碱的酸水提取工艺,以血根碱含量为指标进行工艺优化,考察了时间、温度、料液比、pH值4个因素对博落回总生物碱提取得率的影响。[结果]通过正交试验,得出其酸水提取法的最佳工艺条件为提取时间5h,提取温度90℃,料液比1∶50,pH值1.5。[结论]在优化条件下,总生物碱提取得率可达9.10%。

血根碱的生物学活性及博落回提取物在动物生产中的应用

血根碱作为博落回提取物的主要活性成分,在抗炎、抑菌、抗肿瘤等方面具有多种药理作用,农业部也已经批准博落回提取物(血根碱为主要成分)作为二类新中兽药应用于动物生产。本文通过对血根碱在抗炎、抗氧化、肠道健康、抗肿瘤、抑菌等生物学活性及其机制和博落回提取物在动物生产中的应用情况进行综述,为博落回提取物在动物生产中应用提供一些理论参考。

博落回中生物碱的超声提取和分离

运用超声波辅助提取技术,通过L9(3)4正交试验考察了乙醇浓度(A)、液固比(B)和超声时间(C)3个因素对博落回生物碱提取的影响,同时还研究了D101大孔树脂对粗提液中生物碱的吸附和分离效果.结果表明最佳提取工艺为A3B1C3,即用9倍量的90%的乙醇超声提取45 min.D101大孔树脂能从博落回的pH2～3的盐酸提取液中以游离碱形式全部吸附其生物碱,分别采用50%乙醇和丙酮洗脱能有效地将极性和弱极性生物碱分离开来.