Dietary Macleaya cordata extract supplementation improves the growth performance and gut health of broiler chickens with necrotic enteritis

Background The poultry industry needs effective antibiotic alternatives to control outbreaks of necrotic enteritis(NE)caused by Clostridium perfringens.Methods The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with Macleaya cordata extract(MCE)on the immune function and gut microbiota of broilers with NE.A total of 2881-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to a 2×2 factorial arrangement with two concentrations of dietary MCE supplementation(0 or 350 mg/kg of diet)and two disease challenge statuses(control or NE).Results The results revealed that NE significantly increased the feed conversion rate(FCR),mortality,intestinal lesion score,the levels of IL-1β,IL-17 and IFN-γ/IL-4 in serum and IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa,m RNA levels of TLR2,IFN-γand p Ig R in the jejunum,and Clostridium perfringens concentrations in the cecum.NE significantly decreased the body weight(BW),body weight gain(BWG),jejunal villus height,V/C,m RNA level of AMPK-α1 in jejunum,IL-4 level in the jejunal mucosa and lactic acid bacteria abundance in the cecum.MCE significantly increased BW,BWG,jejunal villus height,V/C,m RNA levels of occludin,ZO-1 and AMPK-α1 in the jejunum,the levels of Ig A and Ig G in serum and IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa and m RNA levels of NF-κB,IL-10 and MHC-II in the jejunum.Additionally,MCE significantly decreased the FCR,mortality,intestinal lesion score,jejunal crypt depth,the levels of IFN-γand IL-17 in serum and IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa,Clostridium perfringens concentrations in the cecum,and m RNA levels of IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunum.Moreover,NE significantly increased the abundance of bacteria that are associated with inflammation,obesity and depression(Alistipes,Barnesiella,Intestinimonas,RF39 and UCG-005)and significantly decreased the abundance of short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)-producing bacteria(Anaerotruncus,Butyricicoccus and Bacteroides)in the cecum.MCE significantly increased the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria(Streptococcus,Ruminococcus_torques_group and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group)and significantly reduced the abundance of bacteria that are associated with inflammation and obesity(Alistipes,Barnesiella and UCG-010)in the cecum.In the cecum of broilers with NE,the relative abundance of Barnesiella and Alistipes was higher and that of Lachnoclostridium and Shuttleworthia was lower.Interestingly,these trends were reversed by the addition of MCE to the diet.Spearman correlation analysis showed that Barnesiella and Alistipes were associated with enhanced intestinal inflammation and inhibited growth performance,whereas Lachnoclostridium and Shuttleworthia were associated with anti-inflammatory effects.Conclusions MCE ameliorated the loss of growth performance in broiler chickens with NE,probably by regulating the intestinal barrier,immune function,and gut microbiota.

Dietary supplementation of Macleaya cordata extract and Bacillus in combination improve laying performance by regulating reproductive hormones,intestinal microbiota and barrier function of laying hens

Background:This study aimed to investigate whether the combination of Macleaya cordata extract(MCE)and Bacil-lus could improve the laying performance and health of laying hens better.Methods:A total of 36029-week-old Jingbai laying hens were randomly divided into 4 treatments:control group(basal diet),MCE group(basal diet+MCE),Probiotics Bacillus Compound(PBC)group(basal diet+compound Bacil-lus),MCE+PBC group(basal diet+MCE+compound Bacillus).The feeding experiment lasted for 42 d.Results:The results showed that the laying rate and the average daily egg mass in the MCE+PBC group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05)and better than the MCE and PBC group.Combina-tion of MCE and Bacillus significantly increased the content of follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)in the serum and up-regulated the expression of related hormone receptor gene(estrogen receptor-β,FSHR and luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor)in the ovary of laying hens(P<0.05).In the MCE+PBC group,the mRNA expressions of zonula occluden-1,Occludin and mucin-2 in jejunum was increased and the intestinal epithelial barrier detected by transmission electron microscopy was enhanced compared with the control group(P<0.05).In addition,compared with the control group,combination of MCE and Bacillus significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity and catalase activity(P<0.05),and down-regulated the mRNA expressions of inflammation-related genes(interleukin-1βand tumor necrosis factor-α)as well as apoptosis-related genes(Caspase 3,Caspase 8 and P53)(P<0.05).The concen-tration of acetic acid and butyric acid in the cecum content of laying hens in the MCE+PBC group was significantly increased compared with the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions:Collectively,dietary supplementation of 600μg/kg MCE and 5×108 CFU/kg compound Bacillus can improve laying performance by improving microbiota to enhance antioxidant capacity and intestinal barrier,regulate reproductive hormones and the concentration of cecal short-chain fatty acids of laying hens,and the combined effect of MCE and Bacillus is better than that of single supplementation.

Residue Study for a Standardized <i>Macleaya cordata</i>Extract in Growing-Finishing Swine

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Sangrovit&reg;, a standardized preparation of Macleaya cordata extract (MCE), on the health status and retained residues in growing-finishing swine. A total of twelve growing-finishing swine (n = 6 for each group) were randomly divided into two groups and fed either a control feed or the control feed supplemented with 100 mg/kg Sangrovit&reg;(3.5 mg/kg MCE) for 28 days. The parameters for growth and health status were evaluated during the trial and after which the animals were slaughtered. Residual levels of MCE in swine organs and tissues were determined by measuring sanguinarine and chelerythrine levels by LC-MS/MS. The results showed no statistically significant differences in live weight, feed intake and average daily gain between the treatment and control groups. The feed supplemented with 100 mg/kg Sangrovit&reg;was well tolerated by the swine, with no adverse effects noted during the feeding period or in the necropsy results. Residue analysis indicated that levels of sanguinarine or chelerythrine were under the limit of detection in all the examined tissues and organs from the treated swine. This study demonstrates that Sangrovit&reg;, a standardized preparation of MCE when fed to growing-finishing swine for 28 days, at the level of 100 mg/kg in feed, does not result in sanguinarine or chelerythrine residues in the organs or tissues.

Effects of Macleaya cordata Extracts on Growth Performance and Immune Function of Immunosuppressed Laying Chicks

[Objective] The paper was to study the effects of Macleaya cordata extracts on growth performance and immune function of immunosuppressed laying chicks. [Method] A total of 120 1-day-old laying chicks with the body weight of (38.76±1.12) g were randomly divided into 3 groups with 40 replicates per treatment and 1 chick per replicate according to the principle of consistent body weight and half male and half female,namely control group, cyclophosphamide (CTX) group and M. cordata group. The trial lasted 21 d. The chicks in control group and CTX group were fed with basal diet, and those in M. cordata group were fed with the basal diet supplemented with 40 mg/kg M. cordata extract. On the 8^(th), 9^(th), 10^(th) and 17^(th) day of the trial, the chicks in CTX group and M. cordata group were intraperitoneally injected with 80 mg/kg BW CTX, and those in control group were intraperitoneally injected with equal dose of normal saline. [Result] (1) Compared with control group, the average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of chicks in CTX group reduced significantly;the feed gain ratio (F/G) increased significantly;the white blood cell count (WBC) decreased significantly;the alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspertate aminotransferase (AST) levels in the blood increased significant -ly;the total protein (TP) and globulin (GLOB) content in the blood decreased significantly;the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased significantly;and the contents of immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the serum decreased significantly. (2)Compared with CTX group, the ADG and ADFI of chicks in M. cordata group increased significantly;the F/G decreased significantly;the WBC, red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematokrit (HCT) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) increased sig -nificantly;the contents of ALT, AST and MDA in the serum decreased significantly;the contents of TP, GLOB, IgG, Ig M, IL -1β, interleukin-6(IL-6) and IL-10 in the serum increased significantly;and the bursa of fabricius index increased significantly. (3) Compared with control group, the ADG and ADFI of chicks in M. cordata group increased significantly, and the contents of HGB and HCT in the blood increased significantly. [Conclusion] CTX injection will reduce the growth performance, antioxidant and immune function of laying chicks. The addition of M. cordata extract could restore the growth performance, immune function and antioxidant function impaired by CTX.

博落回提取物对脂多糖刺激的肉仔鸡抗氧化功能、免疫功能及肠道紧密连接蛋白表达的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加博落回提取物对脂多糖(LPS)刺激的肉仔鸡血浆抗氧化功能、免疫功能和肠道紧密连接蛋白基因表达量的影响。选用1日龄雄性AA肉仔鸡256只,采用2×2双因素试验设计,主因子分别为博落回添加水平(0、400 mg/kg)和免疫处理(注射生理盐水或LPS)。每个处理8个重复,每个重复8只鸡,试验期为21 d。结果显示:(1)LPS刺激使血浆总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性显著降低(P<0.05);而饲粮添加博落回提取物可显著提高血浆中GSH-Px和T-SOD的活性(P<0.05)。(2)博落回提取物可显著提高血浆中免疫球蛋白IgG水平,降低血浆中诱导性一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)活性(P<0.05)。(3)LPS刺激显著降低空肠紧密连接蛋白Occludin、ZO-1和ZO-2的mRNA表达量(P<0.05);而博落回提取物添加显著提高Claudin-3、Occludin和ZO-2的mRNA表达量(P<0.05)。综上,日粮添加400 mg/kg博落回提取物能够提高LPS刺激下肉仔鸡的抗氧化功能、免疫功能以及肠道屏障功能。

博落回提取物、金霉素及其联合添加对蛋鸡后备鸡生产性能、屠宰性能和胫骨质量的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中单独和联合添加博落回提取物、金霉素对0~17周龄蛋鸡生产性能、体重均匀度、屠宰性能和胫骨质量的影响,同时探讨博落回提取物替抗作用。选取健康1日龄海兰褐雌性雏鸡1440只,按照2×2析因设计,2个博落回提取物添加水平(不添加vs添加500 mg/kg),分别对应2个金霉素添加水平(不添加vs添加50 mg/kg)。随机分成4个处理,每个处理12个重复,每个重复30只鸡。各组分别饲喂基础日粮(Ⅰ组)、基础日粮+500 mg/kg博落回提取物(Ⅱ组)、基础日粮+50 mg/kg金霉素(Ⅲ组)、基础日粮+500 mg/kg博落回提取物和50 mg/kg金霉素(Ⅳ组)。试验期17周龄,1~7 d饲喂基础日粮,8 d开始饲喂各自的育雏期试验料,7周龄和13周龄分别开始饲喂育成前期和育成后期试验料。结果显示:(1)与对照组相比,博落回提取物组试验全期的料重比降低了2.29%(P<0.05),金霉素组以及联合添加组对生产性能各项指标均无显著影响(P>0.05);日粮添加博落回提取物提高了不同时间段以及全期的日增重和体重,但未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。(2)与对照组相比,博落回提取物组、金霉素组、联合添加组的标准差、变异系数以及屠宰性能各项指标均无显著差异(P>0.05),但是,添加博落回提取物使6、12、17周龄的标准差和变异系数分别降低了3.03%和4.70%、8.54%和7.98%、9.61%和11.62%,屠宰性能指标均有不同程度提高。(3)与Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组相比,Ⅳ组6周龄的胫骨强度显著提高(P<0.05),Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,博落回提取物组6、12、17周龄胫骨重和胫骨强度提高,但差异不显著(P>0.05),使胫骨重分别提高了0.35%、6.09%、0.59%,胫骨强度分别提高了11.64%、6.41%、6.71%。综上所述,日粮添加博落回提取物可以提高体重和胫骨强度,降低料重比以及鸡群体重的标准差和变异系数;金霉素和两者联合添加对生产性能、屠宰性能、胫骨质量均无明显改善作用。因此,日粮中添加博落回提取物可以用来替代抗生素改善蛋鸡后备鸡生产性能和胫骨质量。

博落回生物碱的提取工艺及其在动物养殖中的研究进展

博落回生物碱是中兽药博落回的功能性成分,其提取工艺多种多样,利用传统的酸提碱沉法即可得到粗提物,工艺简单易于工业化生产,而液膜法、内部沸腾法、超声波提取技术、超临界流体萃取技术、亚临界流体萃取技术等新方法、新技术结合萃取法、结晶法、色谱法等分离纯化技术的应用,对提高中药提取率、活性成分提取率及获取高纯度有效成分等具有显著作用和优势。以血根碱和白屈菜红碱为主要成分开发的新中兽药和药物饲料添加剂产品在改善消化道健康、增强机体免疫力、促进生长、提高生产性能及替代抗生素改善动物健康等方面效果显著。文章综述了博落回生物碱的提取、分离纯化、生物活性及其在动物养殖中的应用进展,以期为博落回生物碱的深层次开发及进一步应用提供参考。

博落回提取物的生物活性及其在畜禽生产中的应用

随着国家“限抗禁抗”政策的全面实施,找寻安全、健康的抗生素替代物成为畜牧业未来发展的关键.中草药作为绿色健康的饲料添加剂现已成为研究的热点.博落回作为一种特殊的中草药,因其具有抗菌抗炎、抗氧化、增强免疫力、防病、促生长等作用,被作为饲料添加剂可替代抗生素药物用于动物生产,促进动物生长及减少动物疾病,因此关于博落回的研究空间巨大.论文对博落回及其活性成分的提取分离、药理作用进行了综述,并对其应用于动物生产中的效果进行讨论,以期为博落回活性成分的提取加工、进一步研究与应用提供参考.

博落回提取物、金霉素单独和联合添加对后备蛋鸡肠道健康和微生物区系的影响

试验旨在探讨饲粮中单独和联合添加博落回提取物(Macleaya extract,MCE)、金霉素(Chlortetracycline,CC)对2~17周蛋鸡肠道健康和肠道微生物的影响,同时探讨博落回提取物的替抗作用。选取1日龄海兰褐雌性雏鸡1440只,随机分成4个处理,分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)、基础饲粮+500 mg/kg博落回提取物(MCE组)、基础饲粮+50 mg/kg金霉素(CC组)、基础饲粮+500 mg/kg博落回提取物+50 mg/kg金霉素(联合组)。试验共17周。结果表明:与对照组相比,MCE组6周小肠综合评分显著降低(P<0.05);联合组6周小肠综合评分、17周十二指肠评分和回肠评分显著降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,MCE组Simpson指数、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05),理研菌科(Rikenellaceae)相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05);CC组Chao1指数和理研菌科相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05),Simpson指数和普雷沃氏菌科(Prevotellaceae)相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05);联合组Simpson指数显著提高(P<0.05)。3个试验组相比,MCE组和联合组的ACE指数、Chao1指数显著高于CC组(P<0.05),联合组相比CC组普雷沃氏菌科相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05)。由此可见,MCE可以降低小肠评分,改善盲肠微生物区系结构,有益于维系肠道健康和菌群平衡,其作用效果明显优于CC。

酶解海藻和博落回-葡萄糖氧化酶复方添加剂对仔猪生长性能、器官指数和血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究比较酶解海藻和博落回-葡萄糖氧化酶复方添加剂对仔猪的生长性能、器官指数和血清生化指标的影响。选取体重、年龄一致的40日龄健康仔猪180头,随机分为3个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复的10头仔猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,AHE组和MGCA组分别在基础饲粮基础上添加500 mg/kg酶解海藻和250 mg/kg博落回提取物-葡萄糖氧化酶复方添加剂。试验预饲期7 d,正式期35 d。于正式试验期第35 d早饲前进行前腔静脉采血,试验结束后,每个重复随机选取1头仔猪进行屠宰。结果表明:①与对照组相比,MGCA组仔猪的平均日采食量、三酰甘油的含量以及血清的超氧化歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著提高(P<0.05)。②与对照组相比,AHE组能够显著提高断奶仔猪的血清三酰甘油含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性(P<0.05)。综上所述,博落回-葡萄糖氧化酶复方添加剂的效果优于酶解海藻。

Macleaya cordata extract exhibits some potential as a surrogate antibiotic by improving gastrointestinal epithelial status and humoral response in goats

Macleaya cordata extract(MCE)is a potential replacement for antibiotics.In the current study,effects of MCE on the gastrointestinal health and humoral responses of host animals were explored.A total of 30 weanling goats with similar body weight of 9.15±1.36 kg were randomly allocated into three groups(n=10 per group):control group(CON group,fed with a basal diet),antibiotic group(Abx group,fed with the basal diet supplemented with 0.18 g/d vancomycin and 0.36 g/d neomycin),and MCE group(fed with the basal diet supplemented with 5 g/d MCE),for three weeks.Results showed that antibiotic addition decreased the height and area of rumen papillae,ruminal mucosa Toll-like receptor 8(TLR8),interleukin-8(IL-8)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)gene relative expression levels and microbial diversity,altered the volatile fatty acid(VFA)profile in the rumen,and increased monocytes amount and CD4^(+)T cells percentage in the peripheral blood(P<0.05)compared to CON group.MCE addition increased the average daily gain,ileal villus height,villus height/crypt depth,and immunoglobulin M(IgM)content in the peripheral blood(P<0.05)compared to the CON.Additionally,MCE addition decreased the proportion of isobutyric acid in the chyme of the ileum(P=0.005)compared to the CON group.These results suggest that antibiotic supplementation may suppress the epithelial state and microbial diversity and fermentation in goats,but stimulate cellular response to maintain the growth performance of goats.MCE administration improved the epithelial state and humoral response to promote the growth performance in goats.

不同剂量博落回提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

为了研究不同剂量的博落回提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响,本试验选用(65±2)日龄、体重相近的杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪252头,随机分为7个处理组,分别饲喂基础日粮(空白对照Ⅰ组),同时在基础日粮中分别添加不同剂量的0.337、0.675、1.35、2.7、5.4mg/kg博落回提取物生物碱(以血根碱+白屈菜红碱总生物碱计),以及30mg/kg金霉素(阳性对照组)作试验组,试验期为28d,试验结束时测定各处理组的生长性能等指标。结果显示,与其它剂量组及金霉素组相比,日粮中添加0.675和1.35mg/kg博落回提取物生物碱,均能显著提高仔猪的采食量(P<0.05)、平均日增重(P<0.05),降低仔猪料重比(P<0.05)。同时日粮中添加不同剂量的博落回提取物生物碱能有效预防仔猪腹泻的发生率。因此,从改善仔猪的生长性能及提高经济效益角度考虑,在仔猪日粮中添加0.675mg/kg的博落回提取物(以血根碱+白屈菜红碱总生物碱计)为理想剂量。

博落回提取物对脂多糖诱导猪应激细胞应激参数及免疫球蛋白G和超氧化物歧化酶mRNA表达的影响

本文旨在研究博落回提取物对脂多糖(LPS)诱导猪应激细胞应激参数及免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)mRNA表达的影响。试验选用猪胚胎背部成纤维细胞,分别用正常细胞和以LPS刺激细胞建立的应激模型进行试验,对照组采用基础培养液,土霉素组在基础培养液中添加土霉素50μg/mL(阳性对照),博落回组在基础培养液中分别添加50、100、150 ng/mL的博落回提取物。检测IgG、溶菌酶(LSZ)、一氧化氮(NO)含量,一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性以及IgG和SOD mRNA表达量。结果表明:1)博落回组IgG、NO和LSZ含量及NOS活性均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),土霉素组IgG和LSZ含量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。2)对应激细胞和正常细胞而言,博落回组IgG mRNA表达量均极显著高于对照组和土霉素组(P<0.01),50和100 ng/mL博落回组均极显著高于150 ng/mL博落回组(P<0.01)。土霉素组IgG mRNA表达量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。100 ng/mL博落回组应激细胞IgG mRNA表达量极显著高于正常细胞(P<0.01)。3)对应激细胞和正常细胞而言,与对照组相比,添加博落回提取物50、100、150 ng/mL均极显著提高SOD mRNA表达量(P<0.01)。土霉素组SOD mRNA表达量极显著高于对照组和博落回组(P<0.01)。各组应激细胞SOD mRNA表达量均显著或极显著高于正常细胞(P<0.01)。综合各项指标,博落回提取物可提高LPS应激细胞IgG、NO和LSZ的含量及NOS活性,提高应激细胞和正常细胞IgG和SOD mRNA的表达量,总体效果优于土霉素,较好的添加浓度为50～100 ng/mL。

博落回提取物对乳鸽生长性能和免疫功能的影响

本试验旨在探讨博落回提取物对乳鸽生长性能、器官指数、血清生化指标和免疫功能的影响。选取了280只体重相近、健康的10日龄乳鸽,采用单因素完全随机试验设计,随机分为7个组,每组10个重复,每个重复4只乳鸽,对照组(A组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组(B、C、D、E、F、G组)分别在基础饲粮中添加30、40、50 mg/kg博落回散,40 mg/kg博落回提取物PE50,40 mg/kg博落回提取物BE60和150 mg/kg金霉素。预试期5 d,正试期15 d。结果显示:1)各组间平均日增重和料重比均无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)各组间胸腺指数和法氏囊指数均无显著差异(P>0.05)。E组脾脏指数极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),D组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。D组胰腺指数显著高于对照组、B组和F组(P<0.05)。3)E组血清总蛋白含量显著高于G组(P<0.05)。B组血清低密度脂蛋白含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。4)D组血清免疫球蛋白G含量极显著高于对照组和B组(P<0.01),显著高于其他组(P<0.05);E组血清白细胞介素-6含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。由此可见,博落回提取物可提高乳鸽免疫器官指数和血清中总蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、免疫球蛋白G含量,从而提高机体免疫力。

博落回提取物对大鼠急性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

目的探讨博落回提取物(Macleaya Cordataextract,MCE)对大鼠急性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用及其作用机制。方法采用白酒灌胃法建立大鼠急性酒精性肝损伤模型。将60只SD大鼠随机分为模型组,正常组,阳性药物组,MCE高、中、低剂量组,每组10只。检测各组大鼠血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和肝匀浆超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量,观察肝脏病理形态学改变,并测定肝组织中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白介素(IL-1β)的表达水平。结果与模型组相比较,经MCE预防性治疗后,大鼠血清中ALT、AST、LDH活性显著降低(P<0.01),肝组织中SOD活力明显增强、MDA含量显著下降、TNF-α与IL-1β表达水平显著降低(P<0.01),形态学观察显示MCE能明显改善肝组织病理形态。结论 MCE能改善肝功能,对大鼠急性酒精性肝损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与其减轻肝脏炎症、抗脂质过氧化作用有关。

血根碱的生物学活性及博落回提取物在动物生产中的应用

血根碱作为博落回提取物的主要活性成分,在抗炎、抑菌、抗肿瘤等方面具有多种药理作用,农业部也已经批准博落回提取物(血根碱为主要成分)作为二类新中兽药应用于动物生产。本文通过对血根碱在抗炎、抗氧化、肠道健康、抗肿瘤、抑菌等生物学活性及其机制和博落回提取物在动物生产中的应用情况进行综述,为博落回提取物在动物生产中应用提供一些理论参考。

博落回生物碱酸水提取工艺及优化

[目的]探究博落回总碱的酸水提取工艺。[方法]以植物博落回为原料,研究总碱的酸水提取工艺,以血根碱含量为指标进行工艺优化,考察了时间、温度、料液比、pH值4个因素对博落回总生物碱提取得率的影响。[结果]通过正交试验,得出其酸水提取法的最佳工艺条件为提取时间5h,提取温度90℃,料液比1∶50,pH值1.5。[结论]在优化条件下,总生物碱提取得率可达9.10%。

博落回提取物对商品猪场细菌抗药性的影响

为了解博落回提取物(含血根碱1.50%,白屈菜红碱0.75%)对仔猪细菌抗药性的影响,本试验通过在30日龄仔猪的饮水中分别添加博落回提取物和阿莫西林,并用96点阵二倍稀释法测定9种常用抗生素对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),评价其防止仔猪腹泻、促进仔猪生长以及对细菌抗药性的影响。结果表明,添加博落回提取物的试验组对细菌抗药性以及仔猪腹泻率、成活率、出栏重等生产性能指标的影响与添加阿莫西林的对照组之间差异不显著,基于上述结果,博落回提取物可替代阿莫西林用于预防仔猪腹泻,提高仔猪成活率和促生长。

博落回中生物碱的超声提取和分离

运用超声波辅助提取技术,通过L9(3)4正交试验考察了乙醇浓度(A)、液固比(B)和超声时间(C)3个因素对博落回生物碱提取的影响,同时还研究了D101大孔树脂对粗提液中生物碱的吸附和分离效果.结果表明最佳提取工艺为A3B1C3,即用9倍量的90%的乙醇超声提取45 min.D101大孔树脂能从博落回的pH2～3的盐酸提取液中以游离碱形式全部吸附其生物碱,分别采用50%乙醇和丙酮洗脱能有效地将极性和弱极性生物碱分离开来.

博落回提取物中血根碱和白屈菜红碱的含量测定

博落回是一种常用药用植物,有解毒、消肿、杀虫、抗肿瘤等作用,有很高的开发价值,其活性成份的提取、纯化是医药、化工行业的研究热点之一,本文采用高效液相色谱法测定了某公司博落回提取物中主要有效成分血根碱和白屈菜红碱的含量,平均回收率分别为104.0%和97.2%,相对标准偏差分别为0.53%、1.09%,满足博落回提取物中主要有效成分的测定,方法简便、快速、准确。