Analysis of the Causes of Continuous Cropping Obstacles for Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz in Pingjiang County and Its Control Methods

First at all, it introduced the concept and the damages of continuous cropping obstacle. Then, it analyzed the causes of continuous cropping obstacles for Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. In the end, in order to provide guidance for pro- moting sustainable development of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz industry in Pingjiang County, it put forward some control methods for eliminating continuous cropping obstacles of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, including breeding varieties with high resistance; applying rotation cropping and intercropping reasonable; rational fertilization and soil disinfection; introducing antagonistic bacterial and eliminating au- tointoxication.

Effects of Atractylodes Macrocephala on the Cytomembrane Ca^(2+)-activated K^+ Currents in Cells of Human Pregnant Myometrial Smooth Muscles

The study examined the inhibitory effect of Atractylodes macrocephala （AM） on the uterine contraction during premature delivery and explored its electrophysiological mechanism by studying the effects of AM on the Ca^2＋-activated K^＋ currents of pregnant human myometrial smooth muscle cells with or without the treatment with intedeukin-6. Single cells were acutely isolated from pregnant human myometrial smooth muscles. Whole-cell Ca^2＋-activated K^＋ currents were recorded by using an Axopatchl-D amplifier. The cells were divided into three groups： group A in which AM was added into perfusate, group B, in which interleukin-6 was added into perfusate） and group C in which AM was added into perfusate after addition of interleukin-6. IL-6 10 ng/mL inhibited BKca by 36.9%±13.7% as compared with control （P〈0.01）. AM at 2 mg/mL raised BKca by 36.7%±22.6% or 45.2%±13.7% with or without the treatment of IL-6, respectively （P〈0.01）. It is concluded that AM was able to enhance the BKca of pregnant human myometrial smooth muscle cells treated or untreated with interleukin-6 and its effect on the BKca IL-treated cells was stronger that its effect on BKca of untreated cells. Our results suggested that AM can help to maintain the membrane potentials and the resting status of pregnant human myometrial smooth muscle cells.

Prescription and treatment rules for the prescriptions containing Poria cocos and Atractylodes macrocephala couplet medicine based on traditional Chinese Medicine inheritance support platform

Objectives:To provide a theoretical basis for the development of the new products of Poria cocos-Atractylodes macrocephala couplet medicine.Methods:All prescription preparations containing Poria cocos and Atractylodes macrocephala were collected from the Drug Standards of the Ministry of Public Health Drug Standard·Traditional Chinese Medicine Set Prescription Preparation(called Traditional Chinese Medicine Set Prescription Preparation for short).After standardization,the information of each prescription preparation was input into the Chinese Traditional Medicine Inheritance Support Platform(V2.5),and the relevant rules of the software were adopted.Data mining methods were used to analyze the frequency of drugs,main symptoms and diseases in prescriptions,and to analyze the regularity of prescriptions.The prescription rules of top 2 high frequency attending syndromes and diseases were analyzed.Results:There were total of 337 prescription preparations containing couplet medicine of Poria cocos and Atractylodes macrocephala,107 kinds of main symptoms and 66 kinds of diseases.The high frequency syndromes were deficiency of Qi and blood and weakness of spleen and stomach,and the high frequency syndromes were anorexia and irregular menstruation.Conclusion:The couplet medicine of Poria cocos-atractylodes macrocephala prescription is mainly used to treat digestive tract diseases and gynecological diseases;it mostly takes tonifying deficiency efficat.It can treat different diseases being compatible with different medicinal materials.The study can provide theoretical basis for clinical application and new drug development of the couplet medicine of Poria cocos-atractylodes macrocephala.

Advances in research on chemical constituents,pharmacological actions and processing of atractylodes macrocephala

Rhizome atractylodes macrocephalae is the dry roots of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.It is one of commonly used Chinese medicine.In the "Shennong′s Herbal",it was listed as the top grade.It mainly contains volatile oil,atractylenolides,atractylodes polysaccharides,glycosides and amino acids.And it has the medical functions of good for spleen and intestine,diuretic and dehumidification,hidroschesis,miscarriage prevention and soon.In order to provide references for further development and utilization,this paper systematic arranged the Chinese medicine atractylodes chemical composition,pharmacological effects,processing technology and effect of processing technology on chemical composition and pharmacological action.

Control Effect of Validamycin against Seedling Blight of Atractylodes macrocephala

[Objective] The paper was to explore the effective agent against seedling blight of Atractylodes macrocephala. [Method] The control effects of 60% validamycin A SP against seeding blight of A. macrocephala were studied in the field, and compared with that of control agent 20% bismerthiazol WP. [Result] At 14 d post the third spraying, the control effect of 60% validamycin A SP at the dose of 495-540 g/hm;was 76.9%,which was equivalent to that of control agent 20% bismerthiazol WP sprayed at the dose of 270 g/hm;（76.7%）. [Conclusion] 60% Validamycin A SP could be used as the ideal agent against seedling blight of A. macrocephala, with good prospects of application and popularization.

Pharmacodynamic Substance and Mechanism of Atractylodes macrocephala in Treating PD Based on LC-MS and Network Pharmacology Technology

[Objectives]The paper was to explore the pharmacodynamic substances and mechanism of Atractylodes macrocephala in treating primary dysmenorrhea(PD).[Methods]The components of A.macrocephala were qualitatively identified by ultra high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS)combined with analyst TF 1.7.1 and peakview 2.2 software with reference to internal databases and literatures.The chemical components of A.macrocephala and the target of PD were collected by using network pharmacological data.The common genes were analyzed by Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)of genes and genomes with the help of String database and Metascape platform,and the affinity between core molecules and key targets was verified.[Results]A total of 23 chemical components of A.macrocephala were identified,and 301 gene targets of chemical components of A.macrocephala,614 targets of PD,and 25 intersection targets were obtained.GO analysis results obtained 505 biological processes,11 cellular components,and 33 molecular functions.KEGG pathway analysis showed that it mainly involved TNF signaling pathway,IL-17 signaling pathway,estrogen receptor signaling pathway and arachidonic acid metabolism.The top 4 targets of PPI network centrality and the top 5 compounds of A.macrocephala-component-target-disease network centrality were selected for docking.The docking results showed that atractylenolide I,Selinar-4(15),7(11)-dien-8-one,and atractylenolide II had strong binding ability.[Conclusions]A.macrocephala may exert a curative effect on PD by targeting atractylenolide I,Selinar-4(15),7(11)-dien-8-one,and atractylenolide II on key targets such as TNF,IL6,IL1β,PTGS2 to regulate cellular TNF signaling pathway,IL-17 signaling pathway,estrogen receptor signaling pathway,and arachidonic acid metabolism.

Atramacronoids A-C,three eudesmanolide sesquiterpene-phenol hybrids with an unprecedented C-C linkage from the rhizomes of Atractylodes macrocephala

Three eudesmanolide sesquiterpene-phenol hybrids,atramacronoids A-C(1-3),featuring an unusual6/6/5/5/6 skeleton furnished by forming an unexpected C-8-C-16 linkage,were obtained from the rhizomes of Atractylodes macrocephala.Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis,chemical calculations,combined with X-ray diffractions.The plausible biosynthetic pathways for compounds 1-3 are proposed.Surprisingly,compound 1 exhibited cytotoxicity against SGC-7901 cells by inducing cells apoptosis,which might relate to the promotion of synthesis of neutrophil elastase.

HPLC多波长切换指纹图谱结合化学计量学研究白术土炒前后成分变化规律

目的 建立测定白术、土白术水溶性和脂溶性成分的高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器(HPLC-DAD)多波长切换指纹图谱,结合化学计量学研究白术土炒前后成分变化规律。方法 建立白术、土白术水溶性及脂溶性成分的HPLC-DAD多波长切换指纹图谱测定方法,测定17批白术和17批土白术的HPLC指纹图谱,采用相似度评价、聚类分析、OPLS-DA分析进行统计分析。结果 白术指纹图谱中共标定9个共有峰,土白术指纹图谱中共标定10个共有峰。指认了新绿原酸、绿原酸、白术内酯Ⅰ、白术内酯Ⅱ、白术内酯Ⅲ及苍术酮6个成分,土炒后1号峰、4号峰(白术内酯Ⅲ)、8号峰(白术内酯Ⅱ)峰面积增加,2号峰(新绿原酸)、3号峰(绿原酸)、5号峰、6号峰、7号峰、9号峰(白术内酯Ⅰ)、10号峰(苍术酮)土炒后峰面积均降低。结论 所建立指纹图谱方法能够系统地分析白术土炒前后化学成分的变化规律,可为进一步规范白术土炒工艺,制定土白术专属性质量标准,研究土白术炮制原理提供实验基础。

Analysis of the influence of processing of bran stir-baking on the main components of Paeoniae Radix Alba-Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma herbal pair by high-performance liquid chromatography

The crude and processed Paeoniae Radix Alba-Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma herbal pairs, originated from Bai-zhu-shao-yao-san, are used to treat different diseases clinically. In order to evaluate the crude and processed Paeoniae Radix-Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma herbal pairs, a simple, easy, and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detectors was developed for simultaneous determination of nine bioactive components in the herbal pairs. The calibration curve exhibited good linearity（r2≥0.9992）. The LODs and LOQs were ≤7.30 and 11.53 μg/m L, respectively. The intra-, inter-day and repeatability RSD values of the nine compounds were less than 3.86%, 2.71%, and 4.29%, respectively. The RSD stability values were less than 3.64%. The recovery of the method was in the range of 96.70%–102.10%, with RSD values less than 3.52%. The developed method can be applied to the intrinsic quality control of crude and processed Paeoniae Radix-Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma herbal pairs.

白术炮制规格及其化学成分与药理作用研究进展

白术是菊科多年生草本植物,药典收载白术和麸炒白术两种饮片规格,主要有效成分为挥发油、内酯、多糖、黄酮和苷类等。主要作用于胃肠道、免疫与神经系统,发挥调节胃肠道、抗肿瘤、抗炎护肝和保护神经等多种药理作用。本文对白术的古今炮制规格及其化学成分和药理作用进行综述,以期为白术的临床应用提供参考。

白术多糖对动物免疫调节作用研究进展

随着集约化养殖规模的快速发展,畜禽疾病呈现传播快、易流行等特点,并且免疫抑制现象普遍存在,使我国畜禽疫病防控面临较大压力。白术是菊科植物白术的干燥根茎,是一味常用的补益类中药,现代医学研究表明,白术多糖是其主要活性成分之一。文章综述了近年来白术多糖在动物免疫方面的研究进展,为白术深入研究和临床开发应用提供参考。

白术的法象药理及其临床意义

“以象释药”是中医象思维在中药学研究与应用中的极好体现。白术为“后天培土圣药”,但在《神农本草经》等本草经典中,古人常以之治疗痃癖、结肿、山岚瘴气等诸多疑难怪证。对此,按药性常论往往难以理解。但若以“法象药理”“象性合参”的角度,这些功效应用可以从白术独特的“药象”中找到答案。古代本草著作对于白术特殊药象多有详尽阐释,称之为“盘结丑怪,有兽之形”,以及“桴蓟”“多刺有风象”等。笔者结合传统本草和现代药学研究,将白术的药象特点概括为:叶裂羽刺,团根瘤皱,肉白辛香。而这些药象均与其“逐风水结肿”“痃癖气块”“主大风在身面”等特殊药效密切相关。正如徐灵胎所言:“因形以求理,则其效可知矣。”由此认识白术的“象-效”相关性,可帮助我们理解古人的药学智慧,弘扬传统本草理论的现代应用价值。

Populational change of CD4^(+)CD25^(+)Treg cells is responsible for the synergistic effect of the combination of RAMP2 with baicalin in treating recurrent spontaneous abortion mouse models

Background: The absence of a safe and effective therapy for recurrent spontaneous abortion due to a maternofetal failure in immunological tolerance remains an intractable clinical obstacle for surgeons. Recently, traditional Chinese medicine has become a feasible alternative for certain diseases, including recurrent spontaneous abortion. However, because of the complex composition of the traditional Chinese medicine formula, its action mechanism remains unclear. Methods: We selected two isolated active ingredients (RAMP and baicalin) from the traditional Chinese medicine formula and used an abortion-prone CBA/J × DBA/2 model to simulate human RSA and compared the changes in fetal resorption rate, Treg cell percentage, and relevant cytokines before and after combination therapy. In addition, The mechanisms were preliminarily discussed using in vitro differentiation models. Results: In CBA/J × DBA/2 abortion-prone mice, the combination therapy resulted in a lower embryo resorption rate compared to that obtained with individual delivery of either RAMP or baicalin, thereby playing an embryo-protective role through the increase in Treg cells for the maintenance of maternal-fetal immune tolerance. In in vitro primary cell differentiation experiments, the concentration of Treg cells significantly increased from 11% to 17.9% after the combination therapy compared to that of the single administration group. Conclusion: the synergistic effects of RAMP and baicalin were responsible for Treg differentiation. The present study provides a solid basis for improving the applicability of traditional Chinese herbs in the treatment of recurrent spontaneous abortion.

高效液相色谱法测定白术中白术内酯Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的含量

本实验建立了高效液相色谱技术(HPLC)测定白术中白术内酯Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的含量。采用Hypersil GOLD(250 mm×4.6 mm,5um),以乙腈为流动相A、以0.1%磷酸溶液为流动相B进行梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,白术内酯Ⅰ检测波长为276 nm,白术内酯Ⅱ、白术内酯Ⅲ检测波长为220 nm,柱温为35℃,进样体积为20μL。白术内酯Ⅰ在0.10~1.60μg范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为99.29%(RSD=2.25%);白术内酯Ⅱ在0.10~1.60μg范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为100.07%(RSD=2.59%);白术内酯Ⅲ在0.10~1.60μg范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为100.43%(RSD=2.20%)。结果表明该方法分离度好、准确度高、重现性好,可测定白术中白术内酯Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的含量。

饲料中添加白术提取物对日本沼虾生长、健康和抗病力的影响

文章研究了饲料中添加不同水平的白术提取物(Extraction of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz,EAMK)对日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)生产性能、器官指数、血液生化指标、抗氧化能力、消化系统健康和抗病力的影响。实验以初始体重为(0.21±0.05)g的日本沼虾为研究对象,设置6个饲料处理,白术提取物添加量为0、100、200、400、600和1200 mg/kg(Control、A100、A200、A400、A600和A1200)。每个饲料处理设6个重复,每个养殖缸放入60尾虾,实验周期为75d,每天记录采食量。养殖实验期间监测水体温度为(20±3)℃,pH为7.8—8.2,亚硝酸盐为0.16—0.2 mg/L,氨氮为0.02—0.1 mg/L,溶氧>6.0 mg/L。在实验结束后,分析日本沼虾生长性能、血清生化指标、肠道消化酶和免疫指标及肝胰腺抗氧化能力,观察日本沼虾的组织结构,用嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)进行攻毒并记录存活率。结果表明:饲料中添加200 mg/kg的白术提取物可以显著提高日本沼虾的增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR),并显著降低饲料系数(FC;P<0.05)。各处理组间的肝体比、出肉率和体成分均无显著性差异(P>0.05);A100组的血清葡萄糖(Glu)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),并能显著降低谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性(P<0.05);各白术提取物处理组的血清甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇含量(TC)均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);A400组的肝胰腺GSH-Px活性显著高于A100组和对照组(P<0.05),A600组的肝胰腺CAT活性显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),A200和400组的肠道iNOS的活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05);A400组的日本沼虾肠绒毛显著高于对照组(P<0.05),并且减轻了肝细胞的空泡化,促进了鳃的完整性;A100处理组的嗜水气单胞菌攻毒后存活率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述,白术提取物可以提高日本沼虾的生长性能和抗氧化能力,提高抗病力,在日本沼虾饲料中适宜添加量为100—400 mg/kg。

白术高效液相色谱指纹图谱及多指标成分含量测定研究

目的 建立白术高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱和多成分含量的测定方法,为其质量控制提供参考。方法 采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器(HPLC-DAD)多波长切换法建立白术指纹图谱,应用相似度评价、聚类分析、主成分分析和偏最小二乘判别分析法进行化学计量学研究,对其差异性成分白术内酯Ⅰ、白术内酯Ⅱ、白术内酯Ⅲ和苍术酮进行含量测定。结果 建立了白术HPLC指纹图谱,共标定了9个共有峰,并鉴定出其中4个成分;37批样品与对照图谱相似度为0.539~0.996;不同产地、不同批次样品质量存在较大差异,白术内酯Ⅰ、白术内酯Ⅱ、白术内酯Ⅲ、苍术酮和未知成分峰9是影响白术质量的重要因素。结论 该研究建立的指纹图谱结合多成分同时测定的方法简便、稳定、准确、可靠,可为白术的整体质量评价和质量标准的提升提供参考,为其药效物质基础研究及其相关复方研究等奠定基础。

白术-肉苁蓉治疗便秘的网络药理学分析及试验验证

旨在通过网络药理学和动物试验探究白术-肉苁蓉治疗便秘的效果和机制。通过TCMSP数据库获得白术-肉苁蓉成分及对应的靶点蛋白,借助GeneCards、OMIM等数据库得到便秘相关靶点。将基因整理导入UniProt数据库后利用Venny2.1.0、Cytoscape3.7.2和STRING绘制韦恩图及蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(PPI)网络,并使用CentiScaPe 2.2插件进行分析。再通过DAVID数据库进行生物信息学GO分析及KEGG信号通路富集分析。通过AutodockTools和PyMOL等软件对部分核心靶点与潜在靶点较多的成分进行分子对接验证。将40只小鼠随机分为空白组(6只)和盐酸洛哌丁胺组(34只),分别用蒸馏水和10.0 mg·kg^(-1)盐酸洛哌丁胺灌胃。造模成功后,将30只便秘小鼠均分为模型组、阳性对照组和高、中、低剂量药物组。空白组和模型组蒸馏水灌胃,阳性对照组10.0 mg·kg^(-1)枸橼酸莫沙必利灌胃,高、中、低剂量药物组分别灌胃4.8、2.4、1.2 g·kg^(-1)的白术-肉苁蓉混悬液治疗,每日1次,持续7 d。7 d后进行排便和小肠运动试验。结果发现,PTGS 2为连接度最高的靶点基因,共筛选出AKT1、TNF和IL-6等19个白术-肉苁蓉治疗便秘的核心靶点,KEGG富集分析表明,脂质和动脉粥样硬化及乙型肝炎等通路较为关键。分子对接结果显示,白术-肉苁蓉潜在靶点较多的成分与便秘核心靶点结合较好。动物试验表明,与模型组比较,中、高剂量药物组首粒黑便时间显著缩短,小肠推进率显著增高。综上,白术-肉苁蓉可改善慢传输型便秘,多种活性成分可能通过PTGS2、AKT1、TNF和IL-6等关键靶点,调节多条信号通路治疗便秘。

基于网络药理学及转录组分析的“白术-苍术”药对防治高脂血症作用机制研究

[目的]明确“白术-苍术”药对对高脂血症(hyperlipidemia,HLP)的防治作用,结合网络药理学分析,初步阐释其作用机制。[方法]采用高脂饲料喂养复制HLP大鼠模型,同时给予不同剂量的“白术-苍术”药对进行干预;实验期末比较各组大鼠血脂水平并观察肝组织脂质沉积情况。采用网络药理学预测“白术-苍术”药对治疗HLP的潜在活性成分及作用靶点,并进一步进行实验验证。[结果]“白术-苍术”药对对高脂饮食诱导的HLP具有良好的防治作用。网络药理学分析发现,“白术-苍术”所含3β-醋酸基白术酮、汉黄芩素、3β-乙酰氧基苍术酮等成分为其治疗HLP的潜在活性成分,过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors,PPAR)信号通路相关PPARγ、脂肪酸结合蛋白4(fatty acid binding protein 4,FABP4)为其潜在调节通路和作用靶点。动物实验结果表明,“白术-苍术”能显著上调HLP模型大鼠PPARγ表达。[结论]“白术-苍术”药对防治高脂饮食诱导的HLP的作用与激活PPARγ信号通路有关。

白术根腐病病原菌分离鉴定、生物学特性及植物源农药筛选

【目的】明确河南信阳地区白术根腐病病原菌种属,研究其生物学特性并筛选可用于防控其病原菌的植物源农药。【方法】从种植区采集病株,室内分离病原菌并纯化,利用形态学和多基因联合分析对病原菌进行鉴定,并对病原菌的生物学特性进行研究,利用菌丝生长速率法评价3种植物源杀菌剂对其菌落的抑制作用。【结果】该病原菌菌丝白色,孢子呈卵圆形,两端稍尖,大型分生孢子3~5隔,大小为(7~10)μm×(3~4)μm,小型分生孢子2隔或无格,大小为(3~5)μm×(1~2)μm,多基因联合分析表明该病原菌与藤仓镰刀菌(Fusarium fujikuroi)同源性高,结合形态学特征与分子生物学分析,将信阳白术根腐病病原菌鉴定为藤仓镰刀菌(Fusarium fujikuroi),这是藤仓镰刀菌引起白术根腐病的首次报道。生物学特性研究显示,该病原菌最适培养条件为温度28℃、pH为7,最适生长碳源为蔗糖,最适生长氮源为硝酸钾。3种植物源杀菌剂中,0.3%丁子香酚可溶液剂的EC50为6.906 mg·L^(-1),高于其他供试药剂,对病原菌的毒力最强。【结论】河南信阳地区白术根腐病病原菌为藤仓镰刀菌,该研究结果为信阳地区白术根腐病科学防控提供了依据。

炒制加工对白术籽蛋白氨基酸营养价值及挥发性成分的影响

通过对白术籽蛋白质氨基酸营养价值和挥发性成分及其炒制前后的变化研究,为白术药材资源综合利用提供理论支持。利用全自动氨基酸分析仪、紫外-可见分光光度计、气相色谱质谱联用仪(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)分别对炒制前后白术籽的可溶性蛋白、氨基酸、挥发性成分进行测定,通过NIST谱库检索对目标化合物进行解析。白术籽中氨基酸种类齐全,生品和炒制品均含有17种氨基酸,总量分别为5.29%和5.90%;甜味和鲜味氨基酸总量与苦味氨基酸总量的比值为1.98和1.95。蛋白质营养价值高,其中必需氨基酸含量与氨基酸总量的比值、必需氨基酸含量与非必需氨基酸含量比值都与理想蛋白标准相接近,必需氨基酸比值系数分别为80.41和77.76,必需氨基酸指数均接近于1。挥发性香气成分丰富,40个挥发性成分包括共有成分12个,生品和炒制品的特有成分各为15个和37个;以萜类化合物为主,以D-柠檬烯为代表的单萜类化合物占比较大。炒制可增加白术籽中药效氨基酸、必需氨基酸以及具有呈味能力的鲜味氨基酸含量,进而提高蛋白质营养价值,促使挥发性成分的类别和数量更加丰富。作为白术药材非药用部位,白术籽生品和炒制品均具有较高的食用价值,炒制加工可进一步改善口感和提升风味;本文研究可为白术非药用部位的资源化利用及高附加值产品创造提供理论依据。