Emerging evidence is fueling a new appreciation of oligodendrocyte diversity that is overturning the traditional view that oligodendrocytes are a homogenous cell population.Oligodendrocytes of distinct origins,maturat...Emerging evidence is fueling a new appreciation of oligodendrocyte diversity that is overturning the traditional view that oligodendrocytes are a homogenous cell population.Oligodendrocytes of distinct origins,maturational stages,and regional locations may differ in their functional capacity or susceptibility to injury.One of the most unique qualities of the oligodendrocyte is its ability to produce myelin.Myelin abnormalities have been ascribed to a remarkable array of perinatal brain injuries,with concomitant oligodendrocyte dysregulation.Within this review,we discuss new insights into the diversity of the oligodendrocyte lineage and highlight their relevance in paradigms of perinatal brain injury.Future therapeutic development will be informed by comprehensive knowledge of oligodendrocyte pathophysiology that considers the particular facets of heterogeneity that this lineage exhibits.展开更多
Retinal degenerative diseases affecting the outer retina in its many forms(inherited,acquired or induced)are characterized by photoreceptor loss,and represent currently a leading cause of irreversible vision loss in t...Retinal degenerative diseases affecting the outer retina in its many forms(inherited,acquired or induced)are characterized by photoreceptor loss,and represent currently a leading cause of irreversible vision loss in the world.At present,there are very few treatments capable of preventing,recovering or reversing photoreceptor degeneration or the secondary retinal remodeling,which follows photoreceptor loss and can also cause the death of other retinal cells.Thus,these diseases are nowadays one of the greatest challenges in the field of ophthalmological research.Bone marrow derived-mononuclear stem cell transplantation has shown promising results for the treatment of photoreceptor degenerations.These cells may have the potential to slow down photoreceptor loss,and therefore should be applied in the early stages of photoreceptor degenerations.Furthermore,because of their possible paracrine effects,they may have a wide range of clinical applications,since they can potentially impact on several retinal cell types at once and photoreceptor degenerations can involve different cells and/or begin in one cell type and then affect adjacent cells.The intraocular injection of bone marrow derived-mononuclear stem cells also enhances the outcomes of other treatments aimed to protect photoreceptors.Therefore,it is likely that future investigations may combine bone marrow derived-mononuclear stem cell therapy with other systemic or intraocular treatments to obtain greater therapeutic effects in degenerative retinal diseases.展开更多
Human-mouse chimeras offer advantages for studying the pathophysiology of human cells in vivo.Chimeric mouse brains have been created by engrafting human fetal tissue-or pluripotent stem cell-derived progenitor cells ...Human-mouse chimeras offer advantages for studying the pathophysiology of human cells in vivo.Chimeric mouse brains have been created by engrafting human fetal tissue-or pluripotent stem cell-derived progenitor cells into the neonatal mouse brain.This provides new opportunities to understand human brain development and neurological disorders.展开更多
文摘Emerging evidence is fueling a new appreciation of oligodendrocyte diversity that is overturning the traditional view that oligodendrocytes are a homogenous cell population.Oligodendrocytes of distinct origins,maturational stages,and regional locations may differ in their functional capacity or susceptibility to injury.One of the most unique qualities of the oligodendrocyte is its ability to produce myelin.Myelin abnormalities have been ascribed to a remarkable array of perinatal brain injuries,with concomitant oligodendrocyte dysregulation.Within this review,we discuss new insights into the diversity of the oligodendrocyte lineage and highlight their relevance in paradigms of perinatal brain injury.Future therapeutic development will be informed by comprehensive knowledge of oligodendrocyte pathophysiology that considers the particular facets of heterogeneity that this lineage exhibits.
基金by Fundación Lucha contra la Ceguera(FUNDALUCE)to MPVPFundación Robles Chillida to DGA+1 种基金Fundación Séneca,Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnología Región de Murcia(19881/GERM/15 to MVS)the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation,Instituto de Salud Carlos III,Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional“Una Manera de Hacer Europa”(SAF2015-67643-P to MVS,PI19/00203 to MPVP and DGA,RD16/0008/0026 to MPVP,RED2018-102499-T to MVS).
文摘Retinal degenerative diseases affecting the outer retina in its many forms(inherited,acquired or induced)are characterized by photoreceptor loss,and represent currently a leading cause of irreversible vision loss in the world.At present,there are very few treatments capable of preventing,recovering or reversing photoreceptor degeneration or the secondary retinal remodeling,which follows photoreceptor loss and can also cause the death of other retinal cells.Thus,these diseases are nowadays one of the greatest challenges in the field of ophthalmological research.Bone marrow derived-mononuclear stem cell transplantation has shown promising results for the treatment of photoreceptor degenerations.These cells may have the potential to slow down photoreceptor loss,and therefore should be applied in the early stages of photoreceptor degenerations.Furthermore,because of their possible paracrine effects,they may have a wide range of clinical applications,since they can potentially impact on several retinal cell types at once and photoreceptor degenerations can involve different cells and/or begin in one cell type and then affect adjacent cells.The intraocular injection of bone marrow derived-mononuclear stem cells also enhances the outcomes of other treatments aimed to protect photoreceptors.Therefore,it is likely that future investigations may combine bone marrow derived-mononuclear stem cell therapy with other systemic or intraocular treatments to obtain greater therapeutic effects in degenerative retinal diseases.
基金This work was in part supported by grants from the NIH(R01NS102382,R01NS122108,and R01AG073779 to P.J.).
文摘Human-mouse chimeras offer advantages for studying the pathophysiology of human cells in vivo.Chimeric mouse brains have been created by engrafting human fetal tissue-or pluripotent stem cell-derived progenitor cells into the neonatal mouse brain.This provides new opportunities to understand human brain development and neurological disorders.
