磷肥和石灰对红壤白三叶草、大翼豆和圆叶决明生长的影响(英文)

[目的]研究磷肥和石灰对红壤白三叶草、大翼豆和圆叶决明生长的影响,为推广白三叶草、圆叶决明和大翼豆的栽培提供理论依据。[方法]以白三叶草、大翼豆和圆叶决明为材料,于2010年采用土培盆栽试验,研究南方丘陵区酸性红壤上石灰和磷肥配合施用对其生长发育的影响。[结果]同一石灰用量下,施磷能明显提高供试牧草株高、总分蘖数和植株干物质量。不施磷处理下,1.4g/kg土的石灰用量下3种牧草植株总生物量最高,对红壤酸性改良效果最好;施200mg/kg土磷肥处理下,2.1g/kg土的石灰用量下白三叶草和大翼豆植株总生物量最高,1.4g/kg土的石灰用量下圆叶决明植株总生物量最高。[结论]该试验结果对白三叶草、大翼豆和圆叶决明在南方丘陵区酸性红壤上的栽培有重要的指导和实践意义。

岩溶地区石山灌草丛草地演替及其培育和利用

在阐述了石山灌草丛草地的涵义与特征及分析了石山灌草丛草地的形成与植被演替、石山的传统利用方式及其评价的基础上,针对石山基况低劣和现有植被改良方式速度慢、易退化及其生态效益和经济效益低下的现状,并在石山建植灌草丛草地成功实践的基础上,认为石山生态修复和开发利用应遵循其植被系统的自然演替规律,借助进展演替的动力,建造能体现石山的自然条件、经济条件和生产条件的人工生态系统;其关键是要选择适合于石山贫瘠生境,能迅速生长、繁殖的豆科灌木和豆科藤本植物。据此,提出了在石山封育、补播和建植豆科饲用灌木、豆科饲用藤本植物和天然草本植物的新方式,选育出适合广西石山灌草丛草地培育利用的豆科饲用灌木和豆科藤本植物:饲用金合欢Acacia sinuata、大翼豆Macroptilium atropurpureum、葛藤Pueraria lobata,并就发展岩溶地区草业科技和教育提出具体建议。

Improvement of Native Pasture Productivity through Introduction of Various Types of Palatable Species on Dry Lands in Timor

This research was aimed to evaluate the productivity of native pasture in Timor Island by introducing various palatable species.The study was carried out on native pasture in Tuatuka,Timor Island for seven months.The study was performed by using randomized block design(RBD)with eight treatments(S0:no introduction,S1:Cynodon dactilon,S2:Dicanthium aristatum,S3:C.plectotachyus,S4:Brachiaria decumbens,S5:Desmanthus virgatus,S6:Macroptilium atropurpureum,S7:Clitoria ternatea)with four replications.Procedures on this study include trial plots preparation,tillers preparation for each species,introduction of species in trial plots,maintenance and observation of the productivity.Variables observed were forage production(fresh and dry matter(DM)in ton/ha),nutrient content(%)and stock capacity(animal unit(AU)/ha).Data were analyzed for variance based on RBD and followed by Duncan’s test.Analysis of variance showed that introduction of species had a very significant effect(p<0.01)on all observed variables.The introduction of M.atropurpureum produced the highest fresh forage(2.1 t/ha)and DM production(0.69 t/ha).M.atropurpureum also had the highest DM content(43.61%),nitrogen free extract(52.52%)and stock capacity(1.06 AU/ha).The highest crude protein and crude fiber content were found in D.virgatus(4.31%and 36.62%).The highest extract ether was observed in D.aristatum(1.48%).No introduction had the lowest productivity,but demonstrated the highest ash content.The introduction of palatable species increased the productivity of native pasture in Timor and M.atropupureum was the best introduced species.

干热河谷一种优良覆盖植物──大翼豆

在云南元江芒果园覆盖植物的筛选试验中，选出优良覆盖植物大翼豆。其播种覆盖率半年达７０％，一年达１００％，具有抑制草害、保持水土、提高土壤肥力、喂饲牲畜等作用。对改善干热河谷生态环境、增加果园产量、发展种养结合的高效农业作用良好￣［１，２，３，４］。