Reading English newspapers and magazines is an effective way to help the students get the latest information worldwide and improve English levels. The present article first analyzes the features of the English newspap...Reading English newspapers and magazines is an effective way to help the students get the latest information worldwide and improve English levels. The present article first analyzes the features of the English newspapers and magazines and then proposes making good use of them through such classroom activities as discussing the hot issue and role-playing to provide more authentic situations in which the students can have chances to practice four English skills, achieving the ideal teaching result.展开更多
The automatic chain shell magazine is the primary subassembly of the automatic ammunition loading system of a big-caliber howitzer. Due to the change of the shell amount in the magazine during firing, its positioning ...The automatic chain shell magazine is the primary subassembly of the automatic ammunition loading system of a big-caliber howitzer. Due to the change of the shell amount in the magazine during firing, its positioning control is a kind of control problem of systems with uncertain parameters. In order to realize accurate control of shell position, an optimal guaranteed cost control algorithm based on linear matrix inequality (LMI) theory was put forward. The motion equations of the magazine were built, and the motion equations for four special load situations were linearized; according to the basic theory of the guaranteed cost control, the motion equations were written as the standard forms for linear uncertain systems; the optimal guaranteed cost control law for the position control of the magazine was obtained by use of LMI toolbox in MATLAB package. Using this control law, the controlled dynamic simulation of the shell magazine was carried out. The simulation results indicate that the control algorithm has high control precision.展开更多
Human Rights magazine and the Center for Human Rights Studies of Renmin University of China held the Symposium on the 20thAnniversary of the Publication of Human Rights magazine on May 18, 2022. More than 30 experts a...Human Rights magazine and the Center for Human Rights Studies of Renmin University of China held the Symposium on the 20thAnniversary of the Publication of Human Rights magazine on May 18, 2022. More than 30 experts and scholars from various universities and academic journals gathered online to discuss such topics as “an in-depth learning of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important speeches on respecting and protecting human rights”, “review and prospect of the 20^(th)anniversary of the publication of Human Rights magazine”, and “the role of the academic journal platform on promoting the development of china’s human rights theories”. They studied Xi Jinping’s important speeches on China’s path of human rights, probed into the original concept of China’s human rights, and developed the discipline system, academic system, and discourse system of China’s human rights, providing insights for such academic journals as Human Rights to boost China’s human rights in theory and practice.展开更多
The magazine Machinery Design and Manufacture,which started its initial publication and issue both at home and abroad in 1963,is a kind of periodical science magazine in mechanical industrial area.In decades,the magaz...The magazine Machinery Design and Manufacture,which started its initial publication and issue both at home and abroad in 1963,is a kind of periodical science magazine in mechanical industrial area.In decades,the magazine which is published over 20,000copies per issue attracts and forms a large number of readership and writers from science and research institute.展开更多
This work starts from a brief chronological exposition about the emergence and evolution of magazines in Brazil as a means of communication and its subsequent segmentation until arriving at the specialized magazines.A...This work starts from a brief chronological exposition about the emergence and evolution of magazines in Brazil as a means of communication and its subsequent segmentation until arriving at the specialized magazines.An overview of the constitution of the press will be drawn up,with the aim of understanding the historical context of the first periodicals,evolution and maturation until the 1960s and 1970s,which are the historical focus of this article,also considering the magazine Intervalo our object of study,which existed between 1962 and 1973.In Brazil,Editora Abril has marked the evolution of the Brazilian printed media and,to this day,is active with periodicals recognized nationally and internationally.Despite of the historical retrospective,our focus will be on the magazine Intervalo.At this point,it is necessary to emphasize that the history of the weekly has been lost over the years and,after a deep research,we verified the inexistence of a systematized references on the history or editorial characteristics of the publication.It is important to highlight that the magazine’s chronology was rescued by analyzing the digital archive and conducting interviews with journalists and former employees of Editora Abril and Intervalo.We are interested in not only rescuing its history,but also presenting its characteristics,formats,contents,editorial team,writing routine,its importance within the historical context and its contribution to the construction of the media scene of that time.The methodologies used were:bibliographic research,documentary analysis and interviews based on Oral History methodology,proposed by Paul Thompson(1992).展开更多
Little information on cancer coverage rather than newspaper and television is available. Japanese weekly magazines have a circulation of over 2,700,000 per week. To examine how they delivered urogenital cancer informa...Little information on cancer coverage rather than newspaper and television is available. Japanese weekly magazines have a circulation of over 2,700,000 per week. To examine how they delivered urogenital cancer information to the public, cancer-related articles and advertisements in six major Japanese weekly magazines from 2009 to 2010 was analyzed. 1.8% of total articles and advertisements were cancer-related. Prostate cancer (n = 119) was the second-most common topic, following lung cancer (n = 145), whereas only three articles were published on kidney or bladder cancer. The 53 articles on therapies for prostate cancer comprised radiotherapy (n = 29), surgery (n = 16), chemotherapy (n = 4), and others (n = 4). All 42 comments or interviews were cited in the article on prostate cancer, while 26 of them were attributed to only two famous doctors. Although cancer coverage in weekly magazines could be useful to spread information on prostate cancer, we should recognize their considerable bias based on a disproportionate emphasis.展开更多
Women’s Health Magazine creates a fantasy world for many women,in which they can attach themselves to the ideal beauty standards,and work towards reaching those ideals by engaging in diet and exercise.The advertiseme...Women’s Health Magazine creates a fantasy world for many women,in which they can attach themselves to the ideal beauty standards,and work towards reaching those ideals by engaging in diet and exercise.The advertisements in this magazine mostly give value to the Western ideal of white beauty,which is about the slenderness of the feminine physical body.However,the white beauty ideal makes women in different cultures such as the Turkish and Latin women to resemble this ideal by changing their darker hair colors to blonde,changing their darker eye colors to blue,and changing their curvy body types to slim;even though,their curviness represents sexual desire in their specific culture,and thus it leads these women to lose their cultural characteristics that make them more feminine(Mendible,2007,pp.3-8).In other words,the white ideal beauty causes many women in other cultures to have some kind of cultural assimilation in terms of their own beauty standards,and instead cause them to embrace an international standard of beauty that is Western,and many women such as the Turkish and Hispanic,as well as,the Korean,Chinese,and Japanese,undergo some kind of a process of cultural assimilation related to their cultural body characteristics,as a result(Yan&Bissell,2014,p.197).In other words,these women lose their indigenous body characteristics and they instead try to resemble the slender ideal body of the West with the spread of globalization,which has a major influence on that(Hoskins,2014,p.110).The aim of this paper is to show how the Women’s Health Magazine,a popular contemporary magazine,crates a discourse on food,diet,and exercise,which have a major influence in shaping and assimilating the body type of Turkish women from a critical perspective.展开更多
This study analyzed gender stereotypes in American and Mexican magazine advertisements. The researchers conducted a content analysis of four major fashion magazines (i.e., Vogue, Cosmopolitan, People en Espahol, and ...This study analyzed gender stereotypes in American and Mexican magazine advertisements. The researchers conducted a content analysis of four major fashion magazines (i.e., Vogue, Cosmopolitan, People en Espahol, and Vanidades), using KANG's (1997) scales of gender behaviors inspired by Goffman's (1979) gender studies. The researcher obtained findings by averaging the overall sum of each country's stereotypes by comparing them for any similarities or disparities. The results suggest a similar amount of gender stereotypes across both countries, specifically in the gender categories of "feminine touch", "licensed withdrawal", and "body display". Overall, findings from this study provide further implications for future researchers and marketers. Future researchers should further analyze gender behavior by conducting a longitudinal study of the various types of gender stereotypes at an international level. Additional implications and future research ideas are discussed throughout this research.展开更多
The effectiveness of celebrity endorsements has been a topic that has interested many advertising researchers. It has been long debated on which advertising method is most effective. The purpose of this study was to c...The effectiveness of celebrity endorsements has been a topic that has interested many advertising researchers. It has been long debated on which advertising method is most effective. The purpose of this study was to conclude whether or not advertising agencies and social cause organizations are obtaining the results of these studies and using them in magazine advertisement campaigns and which one of these advertisements is more prevalent in magazines. Advertisements were examined from two American magazines, W Magazine and Good Housekeeping. The results of the study showed that celebrtiy endoresments have been featured in magazine advertisements more in recent years that products are endorsed by celebrities more than social causes and a majority of these endoresments are for products that affect a consumer's self-image.展开更多
Launched in 2002, the Hununan Rights magazine operates under the attspices of the China Society for Human Rights Studies, a non-governmental organization in SPECIAL consultative status with the Economic and Social Cou...Launched in 2002, the Hununan Rights magazine operates under the attspices of the China Society for Human Rights Studies, a non-governmental organization in SPECIAL consultative status with the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations. The magazine is the first of its kind ever published in China. While devoted to theoretical studies of human rights and human rights education, it provides a forum for dialogue between China and foreign cotmtries on human rights-related issues.展开更多
Interview of Li Baijun --Natural and Origina Li Baijun was borm in a peasant family in the Yimeng mountain area of Shandong province.After graduating from university in 1976,Li Baijun insisted on photography for over ...Interview of Li Baijun --Natural and Origina Li Baijun was borm in a peasant family in the Yimeng mountain area of Shandong province.After graduating from university in 1976,Li Baijun insisted on photography for over 40 years.His shots are always concerned with the folks in his hometown and in close contact with them.In Li Baijun's works,we can feel his understanding of the development and changes of rural areas as a man far from hometown,as well'as the mixed feelings with joy,hesitation and loss of peasants in the process of urbanization.展开更多
Hair has historically reflected material consequences in the Black community; thus, research has begun to investigate how the power/privilege matrix that is propagated throughout the media permeates society and impact...Hair has historically reflected material consequences in the Black community; thus, research has begun to investigate how the power/privilege matrix that is propagated throughout the media permeates society and impacts African-Arnerican women's perceptions of hair. This research joins the discussion by exploring how Black hair magazine advertisements influence Black women's hair decisions and their percepfious of what constitutes beautiful Black hair. Findings reveal that the images African-American women consume from Black hair magazine advertisements do impact what they consider to be beautiful and, subsequently, influence their day-to-day styling and hair care mechanisms, lending further support to the idea that the media serve as powerful sources of knowledge. This study culminates by theorizing about the constitutive meanings and importance of Black hair as conveyed through magazine advertisements and considers how Black women use social comparisons to make everyday hair decisions to achieve what they identify as good hair.展开更多
The study finds that, for Romania, the period 1920-1939 is one without major contradictions. In "neutrosophy" of renowed American professor F. Smarandache's terms, the interwar period was, in Romania, a "neutral"...The study finds that, for Romania, the period 1920-1939 is one without major contradictions. In "neutrosophy" of renowed American professor F. Smarandache's terms, the interwar period was, in Romania, a "neutral" period. As mediating operators, professional journals reflected the atmosphere of relative tranquility and social peace. From the qualitative analysis of their media discourse, we can see three elements that: (1) the professional journals of Oltenia, as media tools for teachers, priests and folklore (folklorist), or music enthusiasts (music lovers), were loyal to their financial supporters; (2) although they served oblique and opposition interests, the communication professional operators have generally not emphasized, perpetuated or generated conflicts, disputes and misunderstandings; and (3) social attitudes promoted by professional magazines in Oltenia was a beneficial, objective one of better understanding and neutrality. The conclusion is that, despite the axiom that progress is generated by contradiction, it shows that professional journals in Oltenia, during 1920-1939, even in the absence of contradictions, namely under neutrality, there have been major advances.展开更多
Highlights of 2019 Spring Auctions With the coming of summer,the art circle becomes more and more bustling.The art fairs and auctions come up one after another.2019 spring auction season has not yet come to an end.Gen...Highlights of 2019 Spring Auctions With the coming of summer,the art circle becomes more and more bustling.The art fairs and auctions come up one after another.2019 spring auction season has not yet come to an end.Generally speaking,it shows the characteristics of shrinking quantity,decreasing turnover and scarce hot spots.There are many highlights in modem and contemporary art,porcelain curios,ancient books and rare books.展开更多
Dear Specialist,The Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering“CSEE”has the largest,most experienced editorial staff to organize this magazine.TheELECTRICITY is best equipped to select what is important from the mass...Dear Specialist,The Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering“CSEE”has the largest,most experienced editorial staff to organize this magazine.TheELECTRICITY is best equipped to select what is important from the masses of news and information available.To provide you witha comprehensive periodical published quarterly package of the most essential news and survey information of the“CSEE”andChina Electricity on which you can base to make decisions.展开更多
Magazine advertising as a major source of income, the quality of its operations is critical to the development and survival of the magazine. However, under the new media environment, traditional advertising management...Magazine advertising as a major source of income, the quality of its operations is critical to the development and survival of the magazine. However, under the new media environment, traditional advertising management is no longer adapted to the times, media operators must find their own inadequacies of advertising business, through business innovation to gain a firm foothold in the competition torrent. This paper as the research object of "ViVi'" , analyzes the advertising management and the problem under the new media environment. Finally, offer the suggestion for fashion magazines to better development advertising under the new media environment.展开更多
Thai Chinese businessmen are important practitioners and supporters of China’s construction of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road,serving as important trendsetters among ASEAN countries with great significance.In th...Thai Chinese businessmen are important practitioners and supporters of China’s construction of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road,serving as important trendsetters among ASEAN countries with great significance.In this context,this paper analyses and presents the image of Thai Chinese businessmen and their identification with China under the framework of the report and discourse by taking the cover interview of the Chinese mainstream magazine@ManGu Bangkok in Thailand as an example,to show the sentiment and sense of belonging of overseas Chinese to their ancestral homeland,and to provide an emotional“link”for China and ASEAN countries in the mutually beneficial cooperation.展开更多
文摘Reading English newspapers and magazines is an effective way to help the students get the latest information worldwide and improve English levels. The present article first analyzes the features of the English newspapers and magazines and then proposes making good use of them through such classroom activities as discussing the hot issue and role-playing to provide more authentic situations in which the students can have chances to practice four English skills, achieving the ideal teaching result.
文摘The automatic chain shell magazine is the primary subassembly of the automatic ammunition loading system of a big-caliber howitzer. Due to the change of the shell amount in the magazine during firing, its positioning control is a kind of control problem of systems with uncertain parameters. In order to realize accurate control of shell position, an optimal guaranteed cost control algorithm based on linear matrix inequality (LMI) theory was put forward. The motion equations of the magazine were built, and the motion equations for four special load situations were linearized; according to the basic theory of the guaranteed cost control, the motion equations were written as the standard forms for linear uncertain systems; the optimal guaranteed cost control law for the position control of the magazine was obtained by use of LMI toolbox in MATLAB package. Using this control law, the controlled dynamic simulation of the shell magazine was carried out. The simulation results indicate that the control algorithm has high control precision.
文摘Human Rights magazine and the Center for Human Rights Studies of Renmin University of China held the Symposium on the 20thAnniversary of the Publication of Human Rights magazine on May 18, 2022. More than 30 experts and scholars from various universities and academic journals gathered online to discuss such topics as “an in-depth learning of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important speeches on respecting and protecting human rights”, “review and prospect of the 20^(th)anniversary of the publication of Human Rights magazine”, and “the role of the academic journal platform on promoting the development of china’s human rights theories”. They studied Xi Jinping’s important speeches on China’s path of human rights, probed into the original concept of China’s human rights, and developed the discipline system, academic system, and discourse system of China’s human rights, providing insights for such academic journals as Human Rights to boost China’s human rights in theory and practice.
文摘The magazine Machinery Design and Manufacture,which started its initial publication and issue both at home and abroad in 1963,is a kind of periodical science magazine in mechanical industrial area.In decades,the magazine which is published over 20,000copies per issue attracts and forms a large number of readership and writers from science and research institute.
文摘This work starts from a brief chronological exposition about the emergence and evolution of magazines in Brazil as a means of communication and its subsequent segmentation until arriving at the specialized magazines.An overview of the constitution of the press will be drawn up,with the aim of understanding the historical context of the first periodicals,evolution and maturation until the 1960s and 1970s,which are the historical focus of this article,also considering the magazine Intervalo our object of study,which existed between 1962 and 1973.In Brazil,Editora Abril has marked the evolution of the Brazilian printed media and,to this day,is active with periodicals recognized nationally and internationally.Despite of the historical retrospective,our focus will be on the magazine Intervalo.At this point,it is necessary to emphasize that the history of the weekly has been lost over the years and,after a deep research,we verified the inexistence of a systematized references on the history or editorial characteristics of the publication.It is important to highlight that the magazine’s chronology was rescued by analyzing the digital archive and conducting interviews with journalists and former employees of Editora Abril and Intervalo.We are interested in not only rescuing its history,but also presenting its characteristics,formats,contents,editorial team,writing routine,its importance within the historical context and its contribution to the construction of the media scene of that time.The methodologies used were:bibliographic research,documentary analysis and interviews based on Oral History methodology,proposed by Paul Thompson(1992).
文摘Little information on cancer coverage rather than newspaper and television is available. Japanese weekly magazines have a circulation of over 2,700,000 per week. To examine how they delivered urogenital cancer information to the public, cancer-related articles and advertisements in six major Japanese weekly magazines from 2009 to 2010 was analyzed. 1.8% of total articles and advertisements were cancer-related. Prostate cancer (n = 119) was the second-most common topic, following lung cancer (n = 145), whereas only three articles were published on kidney or bladder cancer. The 53 articles on therapies for prostate cancer comprised radiotherapy (n = 29), surgery (n = 16), chemotherapy (n = 4), and others (n = 4). All 42 comments or interviews were cited in the article on prostate cancer, while 26 of them were attributed to only two famous doctors. Although cancer coverage in weekly magazines could be useful to spread information on prostate cancer, we should recognize their considerable bias based on a disproportionate emphasis.
文摘Women’s Health Magazine creates a fantasy world for many women,in which they can attach themselves to the ideal beauty standards,and work towards reaching those ideals by engaging in diet and exercise.The advertisements in this magazine mostly give value to the Western ideal of white beauty,which is about the slenderness of the feminine physical body.However,the white beauty ideal makes women in different cultures such as the Turkish and Latin women to resemble this ideal by changing their darker hair colors to blonde,changing their darker eye colors to blue,and changing their curvy body types to slim;even though,their curviness represents sexual desire in their specific culture,and thus it leads these women to lose their cultural characteristics that make them more feminine(Mendible,2007,pp.3-8).In other words,the white ideal beauty causes many women in other cultures to have some kind of cultural assimilation in terms of their own beauty standards,and instead cause them to embrace an international standard of beauty that is Western,and many women such as the Turkish and Hispanic,as well as,the Korean,Chinese,and Japanese,undergo some kind of a process of cultural assimilation related to their cultural body characteristics,as a result(Yan&Bissell,2014,p.197).In other words,these women lose their indigenous body characteristics and they instead try to resemble the slender ideal body of the West with the spread of globalization,which has a major influence on that(Hoskins,2014,p.110).The aim of this paper is to show how the Women’s Health Magazine,a popular contemporary magazine,crates a discourse on food,diet,and exercise,which have a major influence in shaping and assimilating the body type of Turkish women from a critical perspective.
文摘This study analyzed gender stereotypes in American and Mexican magazine advertisements. The researchers conducted a content analysis of four major fashion magazines (i.e., Vogue, Cosmopolitan, People en Espahol, and Vanidades), using KANG's (1997) scales of gender behaviors inspired by Goffman's (1979) gender studies. The researcher obtained findings by averaging the overall sum of each country's stereotypes by comparing them for any similarities or disparities. The results suggest a similar amount of gender stereotypes across both countries, specifically in the gender categories of "feminine touch", "licensed withdrawal", and "body display". Overall, findings from this study provide further implications for future researchers and marketers. Future researchers should further analyze gender behavior by conducting a longitudinal study of the various types of gender stereotypes at an international level. Additional implications and future research ideas are discussed throughout this research.
文摘The effectiveness of celebrity endorsements has been a topic that has interested many advertising researchers. It has been long debated on which advertising method is most effective. The purpose of this study was to conclude whether or not advertising agencies and social cause organizations are obtaining the results of these studies and using them in magazine advertisement campaigns and which one of these advertisements is more prevalent in magazines. Advertisements were examined from two American magazines, W Magazine and Good Housekeeping. The results of the study showed that celebrtiy endoresments have been featured in magazine advertisements more in recent years that products are endorsed by celebrities more than social causes and a majority of these endoresments are for products that affect a consumer's self-image.
文摘Launched in 2002, the Hununan Rights magazine operates under the attspices of the China Society for Human Rights Studies, a non-governmental organization in SPECIAL consultative status with the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations. The magazine is the first of its kind ever published in China. While devoted to theoretical studies of human rights and human rights education, it provides a forum for dialogue between China and foreign cotmtries on human rights-related issues.
文摘Interview of Li Baijun --Natural and Origina Li Baijun was borm in a peasant family in the Yimeng mountain area of Shandong province.After graduating from university in 1976,Li Baijun insisted on photography for over 40 years.His shots are always concerned with the folks in his hometown and in close contact with them.In Li Baijun's works,we can feel his understanding of the development and changes of rural areas as a man far from hometown,as well'as the mixed feelings with joy,hesitation and loss of peasants in the process of urbanization.
文摘Hair has historically reflected material consequences in the Black community; thus, research has begun to investigate how the power/privilege matrix that is propagated throughout the media permeates society and impacts African-Arnerican women's perceptions of hair. This research joins the discussion by exploring how Black hair magazine advertisements influence Black women's hair decisions and their percepfious of what constitutes beautiful Black hair. Findings reveal that the images African-American women consume from Black hair magazine advertisements do impact what they consider to be beautiful and, subsequently, influence their day-to-day styling and hair care mechanisms, lending further support to the idea that the media serve as powerful sources of knowledge. This study culminates by theorizing about the constitutive meanings and importance of Black hair as conveyed through magazine advertisements and considers how Black women use social comparisons to make everyday hair decisions to achieve what they identify as good hair.
文摘The study finds that, for Romania, the period 1920-1939 is one without major contradictions. In "neutrosophy" of renowed American professor F. Smarandache's terms, the interwar period was, in Romania, a "neutral" period. As mediating operators, professional journals reflected the atmosphere of relative tranquility and social peace. From the qualitative analysis of their media discourse, we can see three elements that: (1) the professional journals of Oltenia, as media tools for teachers, priests and folklore (folklorist), or music enthusiasts (music lovers), were loyal to their financial supporters; (2) although they served oblique and opposition interests, the communication professional operators have generally not emphasized, perpetuated or generated conflicts, disputes and misunderstandings; and (3) social attitudes promoted by professional magazines in Oltenia was a beneficial, objective one of better understanding and neutrality. The conclusion is that, despite the axiom that progress is generated by contradiction, it shows that professional journals in Oltenia, during 1920-1939, even in the absence of contradictions, namely under neutrality, there have been major advances.
文摘Highlights of 2019 Spring Auctions With the coming of summer,the art circle becomes more and more bustling.The art fairs and auctions come up one after another.2019 spring auction season has not yet come to an end.Generally speaking,it shows the characteristics of shrinking quantity,decreasing turnover and scarce hot spots.There are many highlights in modem and contemporary art,porcelain curios,ancient books and rare books.
文摘Dear Specialist,The Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering“CSEE”has the largest,most experienced editorial staff to organize this magazine.TheELECTRICITY is best equipped to select what is important from the masses of news and information available.To provide you witha comprehensive periodical published quarterly package of the most essential news and survey information of the“CSEE”andChina Electricity on which you can base to make decisions.
文摘Magazine advertising as a major source of income, the quality of its operations is critical to the development and survival of the magazine. However, under the new media environment, traditional advertising management is no longer adapted to the times, media operators must find their own inadequacies of advertising business, through business innovation to gain a firm foothold in the competition torrent. This paper as the research object of "ViVi'" , analyzes the advertising management and the problem under the new media environment. Finally, offer the suggestion for fashion magazines to better development advertising under the new media environment.
基金Project of the Subject:This thesis is a research result of the 2017 Guangxi Philosophy and Social Planning Research Project“Research on‘China’s Image’in Thai Mainstream Media Coverage in the Context of China-ASEAN Information Port Construction”,project number:17FXW008.
文摘Thai Chinese businessmen are important practitioners and supporters of China’s construction of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road,serving as important trendsetters among ASEAN countries with great significance.In this context,this paper analyses and presents the image of Thai Chinese businessmen and their identification with China under the framework of the report and discourse by taking the cover interview of the Chinese mainstream magazine@ManGu Bangkok in Thailand as an example,to show the sentiment and sense of belonging of overseas Chinese to their ancestral homeland,and to provide an emotional“link”for China and ASEAN countries in the mutually beneficial cooperation.