“认同原则”在文学翻译中起着重要作用,但它对“文学作品”翻译的指导作用尚需进一步探究。通过文本分析,发现只有2074词的“The Gift of the Magi”的汉语译文,因缺乏“读者认同”意识存在不少误译,有些错误在不同译本始终未得到纠正...“认同原则”在文学翻译中起着重要作用,但它对“文学作品”翻译的指导作用尚需进一步探究。通过文本分析,发现只有2074词的“The Gift of the Magi”的汉语译文,因缺乏“读者认同”意识存在不少误译,有些错误在不同译本始终未得到纠正,延续至今。解析误译,有助于确实提高译品质量。针对英译汉过程中出现的问题,提出可将“认同原则”作为文学作品的翻译原则,并阐释具体的相应对策。展开更多
Objective To investigate the role and molecular mechanism of membrane-associated guanylate kinase inverted 3 （MAGI3） in glioma cell proliferation. Methods The expression levels of MAGI3 and PTEN were assessed in gli...Objective To investigate the role and molecular mechanism of membrane-associated guanylate kinase inverted 3 （MAGI3） in glioma cell proliferation. Methods The expression levels of MAGI3 and PTEN were assessed in glioma samples by Western blotting. MAGI3 was stably transfected into C6 glioma cells to obtain C6-MAGI3 cells. Then, the proliferation, the expression levels of MAGI3 and PTEN, and Akt phosphorylation were evaluated in C6 and C6-MAGI3 cells. Xenograft tumor models were established by subcutaneous injection of C6 and C6-MAGI3 cells into nude mice, and the growth rates of xenografts in the mice were compared. The potential role of MAGI3 expression in PI3K/Akt signaling activation was further investigated by examining the correlation between MAGI3 expression and the expression of PI3K/Akt signaling downstream target genes in a glioma dataset using gene set enrichment analysis （GSEA）. Results Expression levels of MAGI3 and PTEN were significantly downregulated in gliomas. Overexpression of MAGI3 in the glioma C6 cell line upregulated PTEN protein expression, inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt, and suppressed cell proliferation. MAGI3 overexpression also inhibited the growth of C6 glioma tumor xenografts in nude mice. Analysis based on the GEO database confirmed the negative correlation between activation of PI3K/Akt pathway and MAGI3 mRNA levels in human glioma samples. Conclusion The loss of MAGI3 expression in downregulation of PTEN expression, leading potential glioma suppressor. glioma may enhance the proliferation of glioma cells via to the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. MAGI3 is a展开更多
Objective： To explore the association of membrane-associated guanylate kinase inverted 1（MAGI1） with gastric cancer（GC） and the related molecular mechanisms.Methods： The reverse transcription-polymerase chain re...Objective： To explore the association of membrane-associated guanylate kinase inverted 1（MAGI1） with gastric cancer（GC） and the related molecular mechanisms.Methods： The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR） and immunohistochemistry（IHC）were utilized to measure the MAGI1 expression level in GC tissues. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to ensure the MAGI1 expression in GC cell lines. Small hairpin RNA（sh RNA） was applied for knockdown of endogenous MAGI1 in GC cells. MTT assay and colony formation assay, scratch wounding migration assay and transwell chamber migration assay, as well as transwell chamber invasion assay were employed respectively to investigate the GC cell proliferation, migration and invasion in MAGI1-knockdown and control GC cells. The potential molecular mechanism mediated by MAGI1 was studied using Western blotting and RT- PCR.Results： RT-PCR and IHC verified MAGI1 was frequently expressed in matched adjacent noncancerous mucosa compared with GC tissues and the expression of MAGI1 was related to clinical pathological parameters. Functional assays indicated that MAGI1 knockdown significantly promoted GC cell migration and invasion. Further mechanism investigation demonstrated that one pathway of MAGI1 inhibiting migration and invasion was mainly by altering the expression of matrix metalloproteinases（MMPs） and epithelial-mesenchymal transition（EMT）-related molecules via inhibiting MAPK/ERK signaling pathway.Conclusions： MAGI1 was associated with GC clinical pathological parameters and acted as a tumor suppressor via inhibiting of MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in GC.展开更多
文摘“认同原则”在文学翻译中起着重要作用,但它对“文学作品”翻译的指导作用尚需进一步探究。通过文本分析,发现只有2074词的“The Gift of the Magi”的汉语译文,因缺乏“读者认同”意识存在不少误译,有些错误在不同译本始终未得到纠正,延续至今。解析误译,有助于确实提高译品质量。针对英译汉过程中出现的问题,提出可将“认同原则”作为文学作品的翻译原则,并阐释具体的相应对策。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of the People’s Republic of China(No.81272887 and 81141033)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.7131003)
文摘Objective To investigate the role and molecular mechanism of membrane-associated guanylate kinase inverted 3 （MAGI3） in glioma cell proliferation. Methods The expression levels of MAGI3 and PTEN were assessed in glioma samples by Western blotting. MAGI3 was stably transfected into C6 glioma cells to obtain C6-MAGI3 cells. Then, the proliferation, the expression levels of MAGI3 and PTEN, and Akt phosphorylation were evaluated in C6 and C6-MAGI3 cells. Xenograft tumor models were established by subcutaneous injection of C6 and C6-MAGI3 cells into nude mice, and the growth rates of xenografts in the mice were compared. The potential role of MAGI3 expression in PI3K/Akt signaling activation was further investigated by examining the correlation between MAGI3 expression and the expression of PI3K/Akt signaling downstream target genes in a glioma dataset using gene set enrichment analysis （GSEA）. Results Expression levels of MAGI3 and PTEN were significantly downregulated in gliomas. Overexpression of MAGI3 in the glioma C6 cell line upregulated PTEN protein expression, inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt, and suppressed cell proliferation. MAGI3 overexpression also inhibited the growth of C6 glioma tumor xenografts in nude mice. Analysis based on the GEO database confirmed the negative correlation between activation of PI3K/Akt pathway and MAGI3 mRNA levels in human glioma samples. Conclusion The loss of MAGI3 expression in downregulation of PTEN expression, leading potential glioma suppressor. glioma may enhance the proliferation of glioma cells via to the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. MAGI3 is a
基金supported by the Young Talents of Science and Technology Support Project of Colleges and Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (NJYT-12-B21, 2012)the Great Project of the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University (No. NYFY ZD 2012014)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81260363)Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals’ Youth Programme (No. QML20151003)the Project supported by National Science and Technology Ministry (No. 2014BAI09B02)Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Clinical Medicine Development of Special Funding Support (No. ZYLX201701)
文摘Objective： To explore the association of membrane-associated guanylate kinase inverted 1（MAGI1） with gastric cancer（GC） and the related molecular mechanisms.Methods： The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR） and immunohistochemistry（IHC）were utilized to measure the MAGI1 expression level in GC tissues. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to ensure the MAGI1 expression in GC cell lines. Small hairpin RNA（sh RNA） was applied for knockdown of endogenous MAGI1 in GC cells. MTT assay and colony formation assay, scratch wounding migration assay and transwell chamber migration assay, as well as transwell chamber invasion assay were employed respectively to investigate the GC cell proliferation, migration and invasion in MAGI1-knockdown and control GC cells. The potential molecular mechanism mediated by MAGI1 was studied using Western blotting and RT- PCR.Results： RT-PCR and IHC verified MAGI1 was frequently expressed in matched adjacent noncancerous mucosa compared with GC tissues and the expression of MAGI1 was related to clinical pathological parameters. Functional assays indicated that MAGI1 knockdown significantly promoted GC cell migration and invasion. Further mechanism investigation demonstrated that one pathway of MAGI1 inhibiting migration and invasion was mainly by altering the expression of matrix metalloproteinases（MMPs） and epithelial-mesenchymal transition（EMT）-related molecules via inhibiting MAPK/ERK signaling pathway.Conclusions： MAGI1 was associated with GC clinical pathological parameters and acted as a tumor suppressor via inhibiting of MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in GC.
