THE STUDY ON THE CHANGES OF ZINC, COPPER, CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM IN PLASMA AND ERYTHROCYTES DURING CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS

Objective To study the changes and their influence factors involved of zinc, copper, calcium and magnesium in plasma and erythrocytes during cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB). Methods Zinc, copper, calcium and magnesium values in plasma and erythrocytes were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer during CPB. Results Zinc and copper levels in plasma were significantly elevated above preinduction level before perfusion, but calcium and magnesium levels did not change significantly; zinc, copper and calcium levels in plasma were significantly below preoperation level during CPB, but magnesium level in plasma was significantly increased above preoperation; zinc level in plasma was increased to preoperation level after CPB and began to decrease again at 8 hours after CPB, copper level in plasma was increased to preoperation level at 20 hours after CPB, calcium in plasma was increased significantly from beginning to 8 hours after CPB, magnesium level in plasma was decreased to preoperation level at 8 hours afterCPB. Concentration of zinc , copper, calcium and magnesium in erythrocytes did not change significantly. Conclusion During CPB, the changes of zinc, copper, calcium and magnesium had relation to hemodilution, operative wound, carrier protein, stress and component of priming solution and cardioplegic solution, but no relation to transfer from plasma erythrocytes. The results indicate that it is beneficial to patient's recovery to supplement zinc, copper, calcium and magnesium properly by different ways during cardiac perioperation.

Effects of Copper and Manganese on Hemocyte Apoptosis and Antagonism of Iron and Zinc in Oreochromis niloticus

This study aimed to investigate the effects of copper and manganese on hemocyte apoptosis and the antagonism of iron and zinc in Oreochromis niloticus The heavy metal contents in fish blood and feed were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and the hemocyte apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. A total of 360 tilapias were selected, and they were divided randomly and evenly into 12 groups. In the challenge groups, the tilapias were fed with con stant-level copper sulfate（0, 200 mg/kg） and manganese sulfate（0, 120 mg/kg）; in the antagonism groups, the tilapias were fed with constant-level zinc sulfate（20320 mg/kg） and iron sulfate（150, 350 mg/kg）. After 20-week aquaculture, the hemocyte apoptosis rates in the copper and manganese groups were significantly increased; with the increased addition levels of iron and zinc, the hemocyte apopto sis rates in the iron and zinc groups were significantly reduced, but they were stil higher than that in the control group. In conclusion, excessive copper and manganese can cause apoptosis in hemocytes of O. niloticus. However, the toxic effects of copper and manganese can be antagonized by iron and zinc.

Iron, Zinc, and Copper Malnutrition among Primary School Children in Lagos, Niagara

This study assessed the iron, zinc and copper status of primary school-attending children in Lagos. A sample of 200 primary School-attending children was randomly selected using a stratified 2 – stage sampling technique. Data was collected in the 2 major seasons in Nigeria;Dry and Rainy seasons using dietary intake (24 hr dietary recall protocol) venipuncture blood samples, and a self-administered questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Among ages 5 - 8 years, the main dietary intake for iron was 10.66 ± 12.44 mg/d (106% of DRI), for zinc, 7.30 ± 7.39 mg/d (92% of DRI) and for copper, 1.55 ± 1.31 mg/d (390% of DRI). For ages 9 - 13 yrs, the mean intake of micronutrients showed that iron was 11.03 ± 12.72 mg/d (138% of DRI), 3inc was 8.44 ± 7.7 mg/d (105% of DRI) and copper was 3.75 ± 15.17 mg/d (536% of DRI). Biochemical results indicated that 19.8% of the subjects had inadequate serum iron, 21% and 32.1% were zinc and copper deficient respectively prevalence of anemia was 38.1% while iron deficiency anemia was 13.06% and iron deficiency was 34.6%. Dietary intakes did not provide right amounts of micronutrients to meet body requirements. There is the need to formulate and implement nutrition education programs to correct micronutrient deficiency among primary school-attending children in Lagos, Nigeria.

Effect of Electroacupuncture on Serum Copper, Zinc, Calcium and Magnesium Levels in the Depression Rats

Objective: To investigate effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on serum copper, zinc, calcium and magnesium levels in the rat models of depression. Methods: Forty healthy SD male rats were divided into a normal group, a model group, an EA group, and a maprotiline group, 10 in each with completely random. The depression models were prepared with isolated chronic unpredictable stress method in the latter three groups. EA was given at Baihui (GV 20), Yintang (EX-HN3), Fenglong (ST 40), and Taichong (LR 3) in the EA group from the second day of modeling, once every other day, 15 min each time. The maprotiline group was administered intragastrically suspension of maprotiline (10 mg/kg), once each day. After treatment for 3 weeks, serum copper and zinc levels were detected with atomic absorption method, and the serum calcium with Arsenazo Ⅲ method and magnesium with MTB method. Results: Compared with the normal group, the serum copper level (3.90±1.20mmol/L) significantly increased and the serum zinc level (2.08±0.44mmol/L) significantly decreased in the model group (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the serum copper level (2.62±1.03mmol/L) significantly decreased, the serum zinc level (2.55±0.38mmol/L) significantly increased (P<0.05), but the serum calcium and magnesium levels did not significantly change in the EA group and the maprotiline group. Conclusion: EA can regulate the change of copper and zinc levels in the body induced by depression, which is possibly one of mechanisms of effectively improving depression symptoms.

Trace metals and animal health: Interplay of the gut microbiota with iron, manganese, zinc, and copper

Metals such as iron,manganese,copper,and zinc are recognized as essential trace elements.These trace metals play critical roles in development,growth,and metabolism,participating in various metabolic processes by acting as cofactors of enzymes or providing structural support to proteins.Deficiency or toxicity of these metals can impact human and animal health,giving rise to a number of metabolic and neurological disorders.Proper breakdown,absorption,and elimination of these trace metals is a tightly regulated process that requires crosstalk between the host and these micronutrients.The gut is a complex system that serves as the interface between these components,but other factors that contribute to this delicate interaction are not well understood.The gut is home to trillions of microorganisms and microbial genes(the gut microbiome)that can regulate the metabolism and transport of micronutrients and contribute to the bioavailability of trace metals through their assimilation from food sources or by competing with the host.Furthermore,deficiency or toxicity of these metals can modulate the gut microenvironment,including microbiota,nutrient availability,stress,and immunity.Thus,understanding the role of the gut microbiota in the metabolism of manganese,iron,copper,and zinc,as well as in heavy metal deficiencies and toxicities,and vice versa,may provide insight into developing improved or alternative therapeutic strategies to address emerging health concerns.This review describes the current understanding of how the gut microbiome and trace metals interact and affect host health,particularly in pigs.

Progress of electroplating and electroless plating on magnesium alloy

The current research processes of electroplating and electroless Ni-P alloy plating on magnesium alloys were reviewed. Theoretically,the reason for difficulties in electroplating and electroless plating on magnesium alloys was given.The zinc immersion, copper immersion,direct electroless Ni-P alloy plating and electroplating and electroless plating on magnesium alloys prepared by chemical conversion coating were presented in detail.Especially,the research development of magnesium alloy AZ91 and AZ31 was discussed briefly.Based on the analysis,the existing problems and future research directions were then given.

Recent Developments in Metallic Degradable Micromotors for Biomedical and Environmental Remediation Applications

Synthetic micromotor has gained substantial attention in biomedicine and environmental remediation.Metal-based degradable micromotor composed of magnesium(Mg),zinc(Zn),and iron(Fe)have promise due to their nontoxic fuel-free propulsion,favorable biocompatibility,and safe excretion of degradation products Recent advances in degradable metallic micromotor have shown their fast movement in complex biological media,efficient cargo delivery and favorable biocompatibility.A noteworthy number of degradable metal-based micromotors employ bubble propulsion,utilizing water as fuel to generate hydrogen bubbles.This novel feature has projected degradable metallic micromotors for active in vivo drug delivery applications.In addition,understanding the degradation mechanism of these micromotors is also a key parameter for their design and performance.Its propulsion efficiency and life span govern the overall performance of a degradable metallic micromotor.Here we review the design and recent advancements of metallic degradable micromotors.Furthermore,we describe the controlled degradation,efficient in vivo drug delivery,and built-in acid neutralization capabilities of degradable micromotors with versatile biomedical applications.Moreover,we discuss micromotors’efficacy in detecting and destroying environmental pollutants.Finally,we address the limitations and future research directions of degradable metallic micromotors.

A barrier to metal movement: Synchrotron study of iron plaque on roots of wetland plants

A wetland with attractive plants hosting birds and other wildlife is an esthetically pleasing prospect that is gaining popularity as a way of stabilizing or remediating metalcontaminated soils and sediment（Weber and Gagnon,2014;

生物活性离子改性透钙磷石骨水泥的生物和理化性能

背景:透钙磷石骨水泥作为一种骨替代和骨填充材料,因其具有良好的生物相容性、骨传导性等优点,尤其是相比于其他磷酸钙类骨水泥具有更好的生物降解能力,在骨修复方面有重要应用价值,但也因其存在机械性能不足、固化反应快及注射性能差等问题的限制,目前一般只能用于非负重区骨的修复。目的:探讨生物活性离子(金属离子和非金属离子)改性透钙磷石骨水泥,以期拓展使用范围。方法:利用Pub Med、Science Direct和中国知网、万方数据库检索2018-2023年发表的文献,中文检索词为“金属离子,铁,铜,锶,镁,锌,非金属离子,改性,骨,透钙磷石骨水泥”;英文检索词为“metal ion,iron,Fe,copper,Cu,strontium,Sr,magnesium,Mg,zinc,Zn,non-metal ion,modification,bone,Brushite Cements”。通过阅读标题、摘要对所得文献进行初筛,排除重复及内容不相关文献,最终纳入64篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:(1)生物活性离子影响透钙磷石骨水泥水化反应过程,不同离子以离子取代的方式掺入透钙磷石骨水泥晶体结构中,改变了骨水泥晶体形态,引起凝固时间、注射性、抗压强度等理化性能改变。(2)离子改性的透钙磷石骨水泥因不同的晶体结构而产生不同的离子释放效应,不同类型离子具有如促血管生成/成骨、抗菌及抗肿瘤等特性而发挥作用,此外,透钙磷石骨水泥具有良好的生物降解性,这对于各离子性能的发挥具有极大优势。(3)不同离子改性透钙磷石骨水泥理化性能影响如下:铁、铜、锶、镁、锌、银、钴可延长凝固时间;锶、镁可提高注射性能;铜、锶、镁、银、硅可增强抗压强度;能同时改善透钙磷石骨水泥以上3种理化性能的离子有锶、镁;良好的理化性能是临床应用的前提,故离子改善透钙磷石骨水泥的凝固时间、注射性及抗压强度等性能对骨水泥的研究应用具有重要意义。(4)不同离子改性透钙磷石骨水泥生物性能影响如下:铜、锶、镁、锌、钴、锂、硅、硒具有促血管生成/成骨效应;铁、铜、镁、锌、银具有抗菌特性;镁离子具有抗炎特性;铜、硒具有抗肿瘤性。(5)综上所述,镁离子能改善透钙磷石骨水泥凝固时间、注射性和抗压强度,同时具有促新生血管生成/成骨及抗菌性,对合并感染的骨缺损治疗具有良好应用前景;此外,铜还具有抗肿瘤特性,因此铜离子在感染、肿瘤引起的骨缺损治疗方面有巨大潜力;只是目前相关研究仍处于基础研究阶段,不同离子掺杂浓度和合成条件等对透钙磷石骨水泥理化性能的影响需进一步探索,同时对于生物性能影响也需更长期的研究观察。

锂电三元前驱体工艺设计要点控制研究

锂电池材料分为正极材料、负极材料、隔膜、电解液等,正极材料是锂电池材料的关键性材料之一,三元前驱体是生产三元正极材料的重要上游材料。在三元前驱体工艺设计中,关注重点工艺控制条件、废水处理工艺设计、铜铁锌等异物引入的防护措施、工艺智能化设计,优化设计提升产品的竞争力,推动锂电池行业的发展。

金属离子促血管生成机制及在骨组织工程中的应用

背景:多种金属离子因具有良好的血管生成活性,并参与成骨中血管新生等生理过程,在骨组织工程领域的研究和应用正日益深入。目的:系统性阐释铜(Cu2+)、镁(Mg2+)、锶(Sr2+)、锌(Zn2+)、钴(Co2+)离子的促血管生成机制及其在骨组织工程的应用现状和主要治疗的疾病类型。方法:2位作者利用Pub Med和中国知网数据库检索2017-2022年间发表的文献,中文检索词为“铜离子,镁离子,锶离子,锌离子,钴离子,骨,血管生成”;英文检索词为“copper,cuprum,Cu,magnesium,Mg,strontium,Sr,zinc,Zn,cobalt,Co,metal ion,angiogenesis,bone”。通过阅读标题、摘要对所得文献进行初筛,排除不相关文献后,最终纳入114篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:(1)金属离子可以通过作用于血管内皮生长因子、缺氧诱导因子、血管生成相关基因、内皮细胞以及对巨噬细胞进行免疫调节等途径调控血管生成。(2)铜、镁、锶、锌、钴等金属离子因具有显著的血管生成效应,常用于组织工程支架的性能改善,其中水凝胶、生物陶瓷和合成聚合物材料目前应用较为广泛,镁及其合金也因其优良的承重能力颇具优势,但这些材料均存在一些缺陷,目前暂时没有一种理想的骨替代材料。(3)不同的离子作用特点如下:铜具有抗菌、成血管和成骨等性能,主要用于感染及肿瘤等引起的骨缺损;镁、锌具有较强的生物降解性,需要对降解速率进行控制;镁具有腐蚀性,主要以合金形式应用;锌的成血管机制涉及较少;镁、锶用于治疗骨质疏松性骨缺损效果显著。(4)以上5种金属离子(铜、镁、锶、锌、钴)具有显著的促血管生成作用,也通过成血管来促进成骨,个别离子如铜离子具有杀菌作用,这些金属离子可以作为治疗肿瘤、骨质疏松症、感染和创伤等引起的骨缺损的新策略,但是目前的临床试验和产品的应用性研究相对不足。

乳糜泻与微量元素相关性研究进展

乳糜泻是一种由遗传易感个体摄入麸质引起的自身免疫病,主要累及小肠,引起小肠绒毛萎缩。许多乳糜泻患者因肠道炎症出现各种营养素吸收障碍,导致体内营养失衡,包括各种微量元素失衡。虽然微量元素在人体中含量很少,但因其特殊生理功能,对人体健康具有重要作用。部分乳糜泻相关并发症与不同微量元素失衡有关。此外,研究发现多种微量元素在乳糜泻发生、发展中发挥作用。本文就乳糜泻患者中一些重要微量元素水平,以及近年各种微量元素在乳糜泻发病机制、病情评估和治疗中作用的研究进展作一综述。

金属离子抗炎作用的分子机制

背景:抵抗炎症反应是促进损伤组织修复的重要环节,改善医用生物植入材料所造成的局部炎症反应是近几年有待解决的关键问题。目的:综述常见金属离子的抗炎作用及相关分子机制,为改善生物植入材料导致的宿主早期炎症反应提供一定理论参考。方法:利用计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网及万方数据库中相关文献,以“金属离子,镁离子,锌离子,银离子,铜离子,炎症,抗炎作用,氧化应激,免疫调节,信号通路”为中文检索词,以“metal ions,magnesium ion,zinc ion,silver ion,copper ion,inflammation,anti-inflammatory effects,oxidative stress,immunoregulation,signaling pathway”为英文检索词进行检索,通过阅读文题和摘要进行初步筛选,最终纳入80篇文献进行结果分析与总结。结果与结论:①镁、锌、银、铜等金属离子具有良好的抗炎作用,该抗炎作用的强弱与其剂量及作用时间具有强相关性,未来可考虑通过控制离子的释放速率以及调节适宜治疗浓度以达到最佳抗炎效果。②镁离子和锌离子表现出优异的抗炎活性,镁离子常以硫酸镁等化合物形式在抗炎治疗中发挥益处,锌离子则以锌饲料作为锌的主要补充来源调节机体炎症反应。③银离子和铜离子具有一定抗炎作用,但仍以优异的抗菌活性占首要地位,主要以纳米颗粒及生物涂层等方式发挥作用。④镁、锌等金属离子可与天然提取物结合形成复合物发挥抗炎作用,该方法具有价格低廉、来源广泛的优点,是可持续的绿色途径,值得临床推广。⑤镁、锌、银、铜等金属离子通过减少宿主氧化应激损伤、调节免疫细胞、抑制核转录因子κB、Toll样受体、STAT3和NOD等炎症信号通路共同发挥抗炎作用。⑥金属离子抗炎相关分子机制是一个复杂网络,并非是某个单一通路的作用,而应该是多个信号通路的集合,目前仍有许多潜在机制尚未被发掘,未来需要更加系统地阐明各个信号通路之间的相互联系。

DTPA-CaCl_(2)-TEA浸取-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定土壤中有效锌、锰、铁、铜

本文以DTPA-CaCl_(2)-TEA浸提剂提取土壤中有效态铜、锌、铁、锰,以电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)进行测定。对不同的提取温度进行探究,确定最佳提取温度为25℃±2℃。对空白溶液平行测定6次,以3倍标准偏差计算出有效铜、锌、铁、锰的检出限依次为0.024mg/kg、0.024mg/kg、0.030mg/kg、0.147mg/kg,通过对国家标准土壤样品GBW 07461(ASA-10)、GBW 07414a(ASA-3a)、GBW07460(ASA-9)进行验证,其准确度与精密度均可满足分析要求。

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定锡矿中7种元素的研究

采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱检测方法对锡矿中锌、铜、铁、铅、砷、锑、铋元素进行分析。锡矿样品以盐酸、硝酸、氢氟酸为消解液,经微波消解后,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测定消解液中锌、铜、铁、铅、砷、锑、铋元素含量。在选定的测定条件下,锌、铜、砷、锑、铋元素在浓度0~5 mg/L范围内,铁、铅元素在浓度0~20 mg/L范围内,线性关系良好,方法的检出限在0.0008%~0.0016%。该方法简便快速,稳定性好,结果准确可靠,适用于锡矿中常规元素含量的分析。

Correlation of Abortus Imminence Cases in the First Trimester with Biochemical Markers

Objective: In this study, we compared the biochemical markers of imminent abortion, missed abortion, and healthy pregnant women in the first trimester to see if there were any differences. Materials and Methods: The study method is prospective. Pregnant women who applied to the obstetrics clinic of Istanbul Training and Research Hospital between 01.04.22 and 31.10.22 were diagnosed with abortion imminens or missed abortion between 6 weeks and 12 weeks or had normal pregnancy follow-up, had no chronic diseases, and did not take magnesium and calcium supplements were included in the study. 20 pregnant women with missed abortion, 20 pregnant women with abortion imminens diagnosis and 20 normal pregnant women who met the criteria were included in the study. Magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and hemogram (CBC) levels were checked in pregnant women included in the study. Results: The Mg, Cu, Zn, and CBC values of the study participants’ women did not differ in a statistically significant way. When compared to pregnant women who had a normal pregnancy process, the difference in Ca value was found to be statistically substantially smaller in pregnant women who were diagnosed with abortion imminens and missed abortion. The findings of our study suggest that serum Ca levels be measured prior to conception or at the initial visit. Conclusion: Serum Ca levels were found to be significantly lower in the missed abortion group than in the abortus imminens and normal pregnant groups in our study (p 0.05).

秘鲁某选铁尾矿综合回收有价金属试验研究

秘鲁某选铁尾矿中含有Cu、Zn、Fe、Au、Ag等多种金属,其中Cu品位0.46%、Zn品位0.76%、Fe品位22.83%,综合利用价值较高。由于细粒级含量较高、选铁尾矿中残余大量药剂、海水介质中无机盐等方面的影响,该尾矿未得到较好的利用。在原矿性质研究的基础上进行了工艺流程探索,确定采用“铜锌混合浮选→再磨→铜锌分离→锌浮选→铁磁选→铁精矿反浮选”工艺。闭路试验最终获得铜精矿Cu品位25.67%,Cu回收率72.24%,铜精矿中含Au 6.68 g/t,Ag 248.5 g/t,Au回收率72.87%,Ag回收率67.16%;锌精矿Zn品位46.13%,Zn回收率57.72%;铁精矿Fe品位65.13%,铁精矿产率11.24%,Fe回收率32.93%的较好指标。Cu、Zn、Fe及伴生Au、Ag等金属均得到了较好的综合回收。

70~90 kg牦牛犊牛矿物质元素铜、铁、锌营养需要量研究

为探究70~90 kg牦牛犊牛矿物质元素铜、铁、锌的分布规律及营养需要量,采用比较屠宰法,选取21头体质健康、体重[(60.44±4.59)kg]相近的公牦牛犊牛,随机分为3组,试验犊牛分别在平均体重达到73.61、81.96和96.53 kg时屠宰,即初期屠宰组(BL组)、中期屠宰组(M组)和末期屠宰组(F组)。对内脏(含血)、骨骼(含头蹄)、肌肉、脂肪、皮、毛称重并记录数据,测定各组织中矿物质元素铜、铁、锌含量,分析各组犊牛的生长性能、屠宰性能及矿物质元素体内分布规律,并建立70~90 kg牦牛犊牛矿物质元素铜、铁、锌净生长需要量预测模型。结果表明:1)随着牦牛犊牛体重增加,宰前活重(SBW)、空腹体重(EBW)、干物质采食量、胴体重、肉重、内脏(含血液)重、毛重均显著增加(P<0.05)。F组的骨重显著高于BL组和M组(P<0.05),M组的屠宰率显著高于BL组和F组(P<0.05)。2)铜、铁在内脏(含血)中的占比最高,锌在肌肉中的占比最高,铜、铁、锌在脂肪中占比均较低。3)牦牛犊牛体内铜、铁、锌含量与EBW具有高度相关性,70~90 kg牦牛犊牛铜、铁、锌的净生长需要量预测模型和净生长需要量分别为:铜净生长需要量=4.4025×EBW^(-0.1228),净生长需要量为2.65~2.72 mg/kg EBW;铁净生长需要量=94.4258×EBW^(0.0039),净生长需要量为95.88~95.97 mg/kg EBW;锌净生长需要量=5.1939×EBW^(0.4161),净生长需要量为26.55~29.19 mg/kg EBW。综上所述,本试验得出了70~90 kg牦牛犊牛铜、铁、锌净生长需要量参数及分布规律,为牦牛犊牛的科学饲养提供了一定的参考。

湿法炼锌过程铜回收率提升工艺研究

针对常规炼锌工艺中存在铜回收率低、杂质累积等问题,本文提出了弱酸浸铜沉铁-低酸强化浸铜两段逆流酸浸、弱酸浸出液回收铜-中和除杂的湿法浸出工艺。首先,对锌焙砂进行弱酸浸出,避免中性浸出存在的铜沉淀问题,同时将部分铁沉淀入渣;然后,通过低酸浸出破坏原料中的氧化物、铁酸盐和硅酸盐等多种含铜化合物的矿物结构,最大限度地实现铜的高效浸出;第三,通过铁粉置换的方法从弱酸浸出液中回收铜,再进行中和除杂;最后,考察体系酸度、反应温度和时间等参数对浸出过程锌、铁、铜元素浸出及沉淀的影响。研究结果表明:浸出过程中元素行为以及焙砂中复杂锌、铜物相的破坏溶出主要受体系酸度影响。反应温度以及反应时间对于复杂物相的溶出影响较小。在温度为80℃、反应时间为2.5 h、搅拌转速为400 r/min的条件下,弱酸浸出铁的沉淀率为72.17%,铜的浸出率为67.24%;低酸浸出锌和铜浸出率分别为91.86%和71.83%。在温度为70℃、反应时间为20 min、搅拌转速为400 r/min的条件下,弱酸液沉铜铁粉添加系数为3,铜沉淀率为93.2%。由于锌、铜在原料中的赋存状态复杂,难溶和易溶物相种类多样,增大了锌、铜金属高效综合回收的难度。氧化物、硅酸盐等多种矿物结构均被较彻底地破坏,而硫化物、铁酸盐溶出效果欠佳,铜的回收率提高至70%。