Corrosion behavior of aluminum/steel dissimilar metals friction stir welding joint

The corrosion performance of aluminum/steel contact and aluminum/steel FSW joint in 3.5 wt.%NaCl solution were analyzed using potentiostatic tests.The post-corrosion microstructure of the welding joint was characterized by optical microscope(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS).The results showed that the localized corrosion of FSW joint of Al/steel dissimilar metals mainly initiated at the interface transition zone(ITZ).Precipitation of intermetallic compounds(IMCs)and Fe-rich phase particles in ITZ accelerated the corrosion of the FSW joint.This phenomenon has been attributed to distinct corrosion potentials between IMCs and steel,aluminum base metal.The corrosion resistance sequence of IMCs in ITZ is Fe_(3)Al>FeAl>Fe_(2)Al_(5).

Analysis of Laser Micro Welding of Copper-Aluminum Dissimilar Metals and Its Mechanism

Micro welding of dissimilar metals can meet many performance requirements for modern engineering structures. In this experiment, laser micro welding of copper-aluminum dissimilar metals was conducted with an HWLW-300A energy negative feedback Nd:YAG pulse laser. By using the overlap welding method with copper on aluminum, with the laser energy being distributed unevenly, good weld joints were obtained. In this paper, the welding mechanism was analyzed from aspects such as welding temperature and the specific heat capacity of the solid metal. Existing defects were identified, and a feasible improvement scheme was proposed.

Microstructures and properties analysis of dissimilar metal joint in the friction stir welded copper to aluminum alloy

This paper mainly concentrated on the feasibility of friction stir welding of dissimilar metal of aluminum alloy to copper （I2） and a preliminary analysis of welding parameters influencing on the microstructures and properties of joint was carried out. The results indicated that the thickness of workpiece played an important role in the welding parameters which could succeed in the friction stir welding of dissimilar metal of copper to aluminum alloy, and the parameters were proved to be a narrow choice. The interfacial region between copper and aluminum in the dissimilar joint was not uniformly mixed, constituted with part of incomplete mixing zone, complete mixing zone, dispersion zone and the most region＇ s boundary was obvious. Meantime a kind banded structure with inhomogeneous width was formed. The intermetallic compounds generated during friction stir welding in the interfacial region were mainly CugAl4, Al2Cu etc, and their hardness was higher than oihers.

Dissimilar friction stir welding between 5052 aluminum alloy and AZ31 magnesium alloy

Dissimilar friction stir welding between 5052 Al alloy and AZ31 Mg alloy with the plate thickness of 6 mm was investigated.Sound weld was obtained at rotation speed of 600 r/min and welding speed of 40 mm/min.Compared with the base materials,the microstructure of the stir zone is greatly refined.Complex flow pattern characterized by intercalation lamellae is formed in the stir zone.Microhardness measurement of the dissimilar welds presents an uneven distribution due to the complicated microstructure of the weld,and the maximum value of microhardness in the stir zone is twice higher than that of the base materials. The tensile fracture position locates at the advancing side(aluminum side),where the hardness distribution of weld shows a sharp decrease from the stir zone to 5052 base material.

Microstructure characteristics of dissimilar metal weld between aluminum alloy and brass

Dissimilar metal joining between 5A02 aluminum alloy and H62 brass sheets was conducted by gas tungsten arc welding with Zn-15% Al and Al-12% Si flux-cored filler wires. The microstructure in the weld and distribution of major alloying elements in the intelfacial layer were examined, and the tensile strength of the resultant joints was measured. Pores appeared in the weld made with Zn-15% Al flax-cored filler wire, the interracial layer mainly consisted of AlCu phase, and the specimens fractured through the weld with tensile strength of 129 MPa. When Al-12% Si flux-cored filler wire was used, Cu diffused into the weld and Al2 Cu phase formed, and the specimens fractured along the interfacial layer with tensile strength of 122 MPa.

Effect of intermetallic compounds on the fracture behavior of dissimilar friction stir welding joints of Mg and Al alloys

Joining Mg to Al is challenging because of the deterioration of mechanical properties caused by the formation of intermetallic compounds(IMCs) at the Mg/Al interface. This study aims to improve the mechanical properties of welded samples by preventing the fracture location at the Mg/Al interface. Friction stir welding was performed to join Mg to Al at different rotational and travel speeds. The microstructure of the welded samples showed the IMCs layers containing Al12Mg17(γ) and Al3Mg2(β) at the welding zone with a thickness(< 3.5 μm). Mechanical properties were mainly affected by the thickness of the IMCs, which was governed by welding parameters. The highest tensile strength was obtained at 600 r/min and 40 mm/min with a welding efficiency of 80%. The specimens could fracture along the boundary at the thermo-mechanically affected zone in the Mg side of the welded joint.

ADVANCED SYNTHESIS OF LIGHT METALS

The synthesis, processing and mechanical properties of the light metals, aluminum,magnesium and titanium Produced by advanced techniques are reviewed. Synthesis techniques to be addressed will include rapid solidification, spray deposition, mechanical alloying, plasma Processing and vapor deposition.

Microstructural characteristics of joint region during diffusion-brazing of magnesium alloy and stainless steel using pure copper interlayer

A novel joining method,double-stage diffusion-brazing of an AZ31 magnesium alloy and a 304L austenitic stainless steel,was carried out using a pure copper interlayer.The solid-state diffusion bonding of 304L to copper was conducted at 850 ℃ for 20 min followed by brazing to AZ31 at 520 ℃ and 495 ℃ for various time.Microstructural characteristics of the diffusion-brazed joints were investigated in detail.A defect free interface of Fe-Cu diffusion area appeared between the Cu alloy and the 304L steel.Cu-Mg reaction products were formed between AZ31 and Cu alloys.A layered structure including AZ31/Cu-Mg compounds/Cu/Fe-Cu diffusion layer/304L was present in the joint.With time prolonging,the reduction in the width of Cu layer was balanced by the increase in the width of Cu-Mg compounds zone.Microhardness peaks in the zone between AZ31 and Cu layer were attributed to the formation of Mg-Cu compounds in this zone.

Effect of process parameters on microstructure and properties of laser welded joints of aluminum/steel with Ni/Cu interlayer

The effects of laser parameters and interlayer material on the microstructure and properties of the welded joint between 6061 aluminum alloy and stainless steel were studied.The results show that the density and microstructure of the welded joint can be optimized by changing the laser power with 0.05 mm Cu foil and 0.1 mm Ni foil as interlayer.A large number of new Cu-Al binary phases were found near the aluminum alloy,which effectively inhibited the formation of the binary brittle phase of Fe-Al.The maximum shear force of 1350.96 N was obtained with laser power of 2200 W.The shear force of the welded joint increased to 1754.73 N when the thickness of the Cu foil thickness changed to 0.02 mm.

Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Spot Welded Light Metal Alloys

The use of light metals today is of great importance,for example in the automotive,aviation and aerospace industries,where energy consumption is minimized and thus the economy is being attempted.By using light metals,weight is reduced so that energy is saved.Aluminum and magnesium alloys are particularly used thanks to their lightweight.Vehicles in the automotive,aerospace and space industries are expected not only to have lightweight but also high static and dynamic strengths since they are exposed to static and dynamic cyclic loads.However,the structural components can quickly become fatigued and fail under cyclic load due to the notch factor of the joining zones.Compared to the fusion welding method,joining of material is realized mechanically below the melting point of the material in the friction stir spot welding(FSSW)method.Thus,the fatigue strength of the assembly is much higher than that of the fusion welding.In this study,light metal alloy of magnesium AZ31B and aluminum EN AW 2024 were joined with FSSW method and mechanical properties of this joins were also carried out.

基于Ni/Zn中间层的6061铝合金/Q355钢电阻点焊接头组织与性能

【目的】采用预置Ni/Zn中间层的方法进行Q355钢/6061铝合金异种金属的电阻点焊研究。【方法】在不同焊接时间、焊接电流及电极压力下分别对6061铝合金与Q355钢的电阻点焊工艺进行对比分析并获得最优电阻点焊工艺参数,然后采用在铝合金板与钢板之间添加Ni/Zn箔片作为中间层的方法来研究Ni/Zn中间层对铝/钢电阻点焊接头组织与性能的影响,并利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析及拉伸试验机等方法对含Ni/Zn中间层的铝/钢电阻点焊接头微观组织、元素占比、第二相的变化及抗拉剪力进行了研究。【结果】结果表明,铝/钢点焊接头由铝一侧熔核,钢一侧熔核和结合界面处的金属间化合物组成,具有典型的双熔核特征。通过在6061铝合金与Q355钢的中间分别增加Ni与Zn箔片来阻碍脆硬的Al-Fe金属间化合物的生成量。添加Ni中间层的接头界面区生成了韧性较好的Al3Ni,从而阻碍了硬而脆的Al-Fe金属间化合物的形成。添加Zn中间层的接头界面区生成了一定量的Fe2Al5Zn0.4,使Al-Fe金属间化合物层的厚度减小至2.88μm,最大抗拉剪力达到4.69 kN。【结论】添加Ni/Zn中间层后,铝/钢电阻点焊接头的熔核直径与抗拉剪力均有所提升,同时Ni元素的添加会在铝/钢界面处生成韧性较好的Al3Ni相,从而阻碍了Al-Fe金属间化合物的生成。

6A01-T5铝合金/304不锈钢的缝隙腐蚀行为研究

目的 研究6A01-T5铝合金和304不锈钢异种金属间的缝隙腐蚀行为规律。方法 采用常温常压浸泡腐蚀方法,结合SEM、EDS、XRD和白光干涉检测,对6A01-T5铝合金/304不锈钢缝隙结构在碱性Na Cl溶液中的腐蚀行为进行研究。结果 6A01-T5铝合金/304不锈钢缝隙腐蚀表现为在缝口处产生沿缝口方向的凹陷渠,在缝内,以局部减薄和腐蚀坑为主,并随着腐蚀时间的延长,腐蚀程度逐渐加重。不同区域腐蚀产物的形貌和成分组成不尽相同,缝外暴露区的腐蚀产物表现为晶体颗粒状,主要成分为Ca CO3和Al(OH)3等铝的腐蚀产物。缝口附近沿缝口方向形成一层有明显界线的腐蚀产物覆盖层,缝隙内部的腐蚀产物相对较少,表现为尺寸相对较小的结块,主要成分为Al(OH)3等铝的腐蚀产物。结论 在6A01-T5铝合金与304不锈钢非电连接情况下,6A01-T5铝合金/304不锈钢缝隙内2种金属分别独立发生缝隙腐蚀,因2种金属在腐蚀过程中争夺O2,使得304不锈钢对6A01-T5铝合金的缝隙腐蚀起到抑制作用。

铝/铜异种金属搅拌摩擦焊接研究进展

铝/铜异种金属复合构件能够充分发挥铝和铜各自的优势,降低产品成本和重量,提高经济效益,为产品的设计和制造提供更多选择空间,因此在电力电子、新能源汽车等领域应用越来越广泛。然而,铝/铜两者之间热性能差异较大,两者实现高质量焊接面临着诸多困难。搅拌摩擦焊(Friction stir welding,FSW)作为一种固相焊接方法,具有热输入低、接头质量高的优点,已成为铝/铜异种金属的优选焊接方法之一。本文综述了近年来国内外学者在铝/铜异种金属FSW工艺、接头组织与性能调控FSW工艺改型等方面的研究进展,讨论了下一步应重点关注的问题,旨在理清铝/铜异种金属FSW工艺机理、技术难点和解决思路,为铝/铜异种金属FSW工艺优化与调控提供坚实的理论依据,以进一步推动FSW工艺在铝/铜异种金属复合构件成形中的广泛应用。

铝/钢异种金属搅拌摩擦焊性能改善方法及其研究现状

铝合金与钢的复合结构具有质量轻、强度高、成本低等特点,广泛应用于航空航天、船舶重工、汽车制造等领域。搅拌摩擦焊(Friction stir welding,FSW)作为一种新型固相连接技术,具有高效、节能、环保等优势,但利用传统搅拌摩擦焊获得的铝/钢异种接头仍然存在诸多缺陷。基于铝/钢异种金属搅拌摩擦焊的优化,本文对目前已经在铝/钢搅拌摩擦焊方面取得成果的辅助方式进行总结归纳,将其划分为机械结构式辅助FSW、中间过渡层辅助FSW、温度控制型外源辅助FSW和超声振动辅助FSW,并在此基础上进一步展望了铝/钢异种金属搅拌摩擦焊优化方法的发展方向。

1050A纯铝/TA15钛合金异种金属冷焊接头组织与性能

【目的】该文旨在研究1050A纯铝/TA15钛合金异种金属冷焊接头的组织与性能。【方法】采用JH-2000冷焊机对1050A纯铝/TA15钛合金异种金属进行了对接焊试验,通过优化焊接工艺参数实现了冷焊技术对铝/钛异种金属的连接。由于冷焊具有高频放电、瞬间高温的特点,焊接热输入低,接头界面金属间化合物层厚度较小,冷焊能得到成形质量良好、内部近无缺陷的优质接头。【结果】结果表明,在脉冲时间30 ms、脉冲电流30 A的焊接工艺参数下,接头界面金属间化合物最少,接头平均抗拉强度达到120.3 MPa,抗拉强度超过纯铝母材的88%。断裂类型为韧性-脆性混合断裂,接头界面铝侧焊缝区为异种接头的力学性能的薄弱区。【结论】显微组织热量输入对钛/铝异种接头界面显微组织金属间化合物层的成形和数量具有较大影响。金属间化合物的数量对铝/钛异种金属焊接接头的力学性能显著影响。

铝/铜异种金属搅拌摩擦焊接头腐蚀行为研究

采用搅拌摩擦焊接技术实现了3 mm厚6061-T6铝合金与T2紫铜的焊接,研究了Al/Cu搅拌摩擦焊接头的宏观成形、电化学腐蚀以及浸泡腐蚀行为。结果表明,Al/Cu搅拌摩擦焊接接头成形良好,未见裂纹、孔洞等缺陷。Cu的腐蚀电位高于Al,导致Al/Cu之间形成宏观电偶。Al/Cu接头的腐蚀电位低于两种母材,腐蚀电流密度大于两种母材,接头中的宏观电偶效应加速了接头的腐蚀。在浸泡24 h内,接头的腐蚀主要发生在铝合金侧,其中铝侧热影响区的腐蚀最严重,形成的点蚀坑尺寸较大。铝侧焊核区和铝母材也发生了局部点蚀,腐蚀程度相对较轻。铝侧表面腐蚀产物为Al(OH)3/Al2O3。

焊接速度对铝合金/铜激光熔钎焊接头组织及性能的影响

采用激光熔钎焊在不同焊接速度(4,5,6,7,8 mm·s^(-1))下对5052铝合金和T2铜进行对接焊,研究了焊接速度对接头宏观形貌、显微组织、显微硬度、抗拉强度及拉伸断裂机理的影响。结果表明:随着焊接速度增加,激光熔钎焊接头的焊缝成形先变优后变差,当焊接速度为6 mm·s^(-1)时焊缝成形最佳;随着焊接速度增加,接头中树枝状Al-Cu共晶组织变少,Zn-Al共晶组织变多,当焊接速度为6 mm·s^(-1)时接头铜侧界面反应区出现Al_(4)Cu_(9)和Al_(2)Cu金属间化合物,熔焊区由α-Al固溶体、η-Zn固溶体、Al-Cu共晶组织和Zn-Al共晶组织组成;随着焊接速度增加,铝合金/铜激光熔钎焊接头熔焊区硬度变化不大,铜侧界面反应区硬度下降,接头抗拉强度先增大后减小,拉伸断裂模式按照解理断裂、准解理断裂、韧性断裂、准解理断裂顺序依次变化,当焊接速度为6 mm·s^(-1)时抗拉强度(212 MPa)最大,接头发生韧性断裂。

6061铝合金/DP600钢CMT熔钎焊接头的组织及力学性能

铝合金/钢异种金属连接结构有着广阔的应用前景。采用ER4043焊丝对6061铝合金与DP600钢异种金属进行CMT焊和脉冲电弧焊,并用高速摄影仪研究了焊接过程,分析了焊接模式和工艺参数对搭接接头的组织、界面层及力学性能的影响。试验结果表明,与脉冲电弧焊相比,CMT焊接能在低热输入下实现铝合金与钢的熔钎焊,有效控制金属间化合物的生成,焊接过程稳定,焊缝成型连续美观,焊接效率更高。随着CMT焊和脉冲电弧焊热输入的增加,界面层厚度均逐渐增加,当CMT焊的电流为65 A,热输入为1.97 kJ/cm时,钢侧界面层的厚度约为3μm,搭接接头强度最高。

甲烷干重整反应镁铝尖晶石镍基催化剂的研究进展

甲烷重整反应所用的镍基催化剂在高温下易烧结而失活,催化剂稳定性一直是研究的重点。镁铝尖晶石材料具有较好的耐高温稳定性,高温下不易烧结,因此具有良好的工业化应用前景。综述了镁铝尖晶石结构镍基催化剂的制备方法(包括分步浸渍法、共沉淀法、溶剂蒸发自组装法、溶胶-凝胶法、水热合成法和火焰喷射裂解法)及其对催化剂结构和性能的影响,介绍了镁铝尖晶石催化剂对甲烷重整反应的稳定性研究进展以及镁铝尖晶石材料与限域功能材料结合对催化剂结构及性能的影响,并对其应用前景进行了展望。

纳米颗粒增强的铝铜异种金属等离子弧熔钎焊接头性能优化研究

铝铜异种金属连接技术因工程应用的需求而备受关注,但传统焊接方法难以满足日益增长的性能要求。纳米颗粒增强技术为优化铝铜异种金属焊接接头性能提供了新的可能。研究通过向铝铜异种金属等离子弧熔钎焊接头中添加不同种类和浓度的纳米颗粒,深入分析其对接头力学性能、微观组织和耐腐蚀性的影响。实验结果表明,适量和适当种类的纳米颗粒可以显著提高接头的力学性能、微观组织稳定性和耐腐蚀性,为铝铜异种金属等离子弧熔钎焊接头的性能优化提供了有效解决方案。