Nanoparticles（NPs） with easily modified surfaces have been playing an important role in biomedicine.As cancer is one of the major causes of death,tremendous efforts have been devoted to advance the methods of cancer...Nanoparticles（NPs） with easily modified surfaces have been playing an important role in biomedicine.As cancer is one of the major causes of death,tremendous efforts have been devoted to advance the methods of cancer diagnosis and therapy.Recently,magnetic nanoparticles（MNPs） that are responsive to a magnetic field have shown great promise in cancer therapy.Compared with traditional cancer therapy,magnetic field triggered therapeutic approaches can treat cancer in an unconventional but more effective and safer way.In this review,we will discuss the recent progress in cancer therapies based on MNPs,mainly including magnetic hyperthermia,magnetic specific targeting,magnetically controlled drug delivery,magnetofection,and magnetic switches for controlling cell fate.Some recently developed strategies such as magnetic resonance imaging（MRI） monitoring cancer therapy and magnetic tissue engineering are also addressed.展开更多
Huntington's disease(HD) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded tri-nucleotide CAG sequence in huntingtin gene(HTT) on chromosome 4. HD manifests with chorea, cognitive and psy...Huntington's disease(HD) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded tri-nucleotide CAG sequence in huntingtin gene(HTT) on chromosome 4. HD manifests with chorea, cognitive and psychiatric symptoms. Although advances in genetics allow identification of individuals carrying the HD gene, much is still unknown about the mechanisms underly-ing the development of overt clinical symptoms and the transitional period between premanifestation and mani-festation of the disease. HD has no cure and patients rely only in symptomatic treatment. There is an urgent need to identify biomarkers that are able to monitor disease progression and assess the development and efficacy of novel disease modifying drugs. Over the past years, neuroimaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and positron emission tomog-raphy(PET) have provided important advances in our understanding of HD. MRI provides information about structural and functional organization of the brain, while PET can detect molecular changes in the brain. MRI and PET are able to detect changes in the brains of HD gene carriers years ahead of the manifestation of the dis-ease and have also proved to be powerful in assessingdisease progression. However, no single technique hasbeen validated as an optimal biomarker. An integrativemultimodal imaging approach, which combines differ-ent MRI and PET techniques, could be recommendedfor monitoring potential neuroprotective and preventivetherapies in HD. In this article we review the currentneuroimaging literature in HD.展开更多
冠状动脉非阻塞性心肌梗死(myocardial infarction without obstructive coronary artery, MINOCA)是指在即冠状动脉管腔面积狭窄≤50%的情况下发生的心肌梗死(myocardial infarction, MI),占总MI的1%~14%。MINOCA的病因复杂多样,正确...冠状动脉非阻塞性心肌梗死(myocardial infarction without obstructive coronary artery, MINOCA)是指在即冠状动脉管腔面积狭窄≤50%的情况下发生的心肌梗死(myocardial infarction, MI),占总MI的1%~14%。MINOCA的病因复杂多样,正确诊断并明确MINOCA的潜在病因,对于指导后续临床管理至关重要。基于心肌组织特征成像的独特优势,非侵入性的心脏磁共振(cardiac magnetic resonance,CMR)检查在MINOCA患者管理中的价值已被广泛认可。CMR检查可排除类似MI的疾病,如心肌炎、应激心肌病,明确导致MINOCA的潜在病因,是诊断流程中的必要检查手段,有助于减少MINOCA的过度诊断、误诊以及真性MINOCA的漏诊。目前已被美国心脏学会(American Heart Association,AHA)及欧洲心脏学会(European Society of Cardiology,ESC)推荐为MINOCA管理流程中必不可少的检查手段。此外,与冠状动脉阻塞患者相比,MINOCA患者的短期预后较好,但在长期随访中MINOCA患者出现不良预后的风险增加,有必要对MINOCA患者的预后及风险分层提高重视,纳入管理流程。传统的MI预后评价系统对MINOCA患者并不完全适用,CMR检查可为MINOCA患者的预后评估提供有价值的信息。当前,对于CMR在MINOCA患者管理中的应用,国内尚无标准化规范、指南。本文旨在对CMR技术在MINOCA临床管理中的应用规范和预后价值进行介绍,为临床提供参考,以增进对这种特殊MI病变的理解和管理。展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51125001,51172005,and 90922033)the Research Fellowship for International Young Scientists of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51250110078)+1 种基金the Doctoral Program of the Education Ministry of China (Grant No. 20120001110078)PKU COE-Health Science Center Seed Fund
文摘Nanoparticles（NPs） with easily modified surfaces have been playing an important role in biomedicine.As cancer is one of the major causes of death,tremendous efforts have been devoted to advance the methods of cancer diagnosis and therapy.Recently,magnetic nanoparticles（MNPs） that are responsive to a magnetic field have shown great promise in cancer therapy.Compared with traditional cancer therapy,magnetic field triggered therapeutic approaches can treat cancer in an unconventional but more effective and safer way.In this review,we will discuss the recent progress in cancer therapies based on MNPs,mainly including magnetic hyperthermia,magnetic specific targeting,magnetically controlled drug delivery,magnetofection,and magnetic switches for controlling cell fate.Some recently developed strategies such as magnetic resonance imaging（MRI） monitoring cancer therapy and magnetic tissue engineering are also addressed.
文摘Huntington's disease(HD) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded tri-nucleotide CAG sequence in huntingtin gene(HTT) on chromosome 4. HD manifests with chorea, cognitive and psychiatric symptoms. Although advances in genetics allow identification of individuals carrying the HD gene, much is still unknown about the mechanisms underly-ing the development of overt clinical symptoms and the transitional period between premanifestation and mani-festation of the disease. HD has no cure and patients rely only in symptomatic treatment. There is an urgent need to identify biomarkers that are able to monitor disease progression and assess the development and efficacy of novel disease modifying drugs. Over the past years, neuroimaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and positron emission tomog-raphy(PET) have provided important advances in our understanding of HD. MRI provides information about structural and functional organization of the brain, while PET can detect molecular changes in the brain. MRI and PET are able to detect changes in the brains of HD gene carriers years ahead of the manifestation of the dis-ease and have also proved to be powerful in assessingdisease progression. However, no single technique hasbeen validated as an optimal biomarker. An integrativemultimodal imaging approach, which combines differ-ent MRI and PET techniques, could be recommendedfor monitoring potential neuroprotective and preventivetherapies in HD. In this article we review the currentneuroimaging literature in HD.
文摘冠状动脉非阻塞性心肌梗死(myocardial infarction without obstructive coronary artery, MINOCA)是指在即冠状动脉管腔面积狭窄≤50%的情况下发生的心肌梗死(myocardial infarction, MI),占总MI的1%~14%。MINOCA的病因复杂多样,正确诊断并明确MINOCA的潜在病因,对于指导后续临床管理至关重要。基于心肌组织特征成像的独特优势,非侵入性的心脏磁共振(cardiac magnetic resonance,CMR)检查在MINOCA患者管理中的价值已被广泛认可。CMR检查可排除类似MI的疾病,如心肌炎、应激心肌病,明确导致MINOCA的潜在病因,是诊断流程中的必要检查手段,有助于减少MINOCA的过度诊断、误诊以及真性MINOCA的漏诊。目前已被美国心脏学会(American Heart Association,AHA)及欧洲心脏学会(European Society of Cardiology,ESC)推荐为MINOCA管理流程中必不可少的检查手段。此外,与冠状动脉阻塞患者相比,MINOCA患者的短期预后较好,但在长期随访中MINOCA患者出现不良预后的风险增加,有必要对MINOCA患者的预后及风险分层提高重视,纳入管理流程。传统的MI预后评价系统对MINOCA患者并不完全适用,CMR检查可为MINOCA患者的预后评估提供有价值的信息。当前,对于CMR在MINOCA患者管理中的应用,国内尚无标准化规范、指南。本文旨在对CMR技术在MINOCA临床管理中的应用规范和预后价值进行介绍,为临床提供参考,以增进对这种特殊MI病变的理解和管理。
