New Progress of Magnetically-coupled Resonant Wireless Power Transfer Technology

近些年,无线电能传输技术受到了越来越广泛的关注。作为一种中等距离无线电能传输技术,自从美国麻省理工学院于2007年发表其研究成果后,磁耦合谐振式无线电能传输技术就成为了研究热点问题。该文在对无线电能传输技术进行总体介绍的基础上,主要对磁耦合谐振式无线电能传输技术进行概括论述。首先分析了磁耦合谐振式无线电能传输技术的基本结构和工作原理,介绍了目前运用于分析该技术的主要理论;接着对该技术目前的传输水平和热点问题进行了分类阐释,主要分为传输特性、新材料的应用、干扰问题和实际应用,介绍了目前的研究现状;最后在当前研究热点问题的基础之上,对该技术有待研究的问题以及发展趋势进行了展望。

Robust Beamforming for Secured Wireless Power Transfer in MIMO Magnetic Resonant Coupling System:A Probabilistic Approach

Wireless power transfer(WPT) to support mobile and portable devices is an emerging wireless technique.Among all kinds of approaches,magnetic resonance coupling(MRC) is an excellent one for mid-range WPT,which provides better mobility,flexibility,and convenience due to its simplicity in hardware implementation and longer transmission distances.In this paper,we consider an MRCWPT system with multiple power transmitters,one intended power receiver and multiple unintended power receivers.We investigate the probabilistic robust beamforming designs and provide efficient algorithms to achieve the local optimums under two different criteria,i.e.,total source power minimization problem and min-max unintended receiving power restriction problem.As the problems are quite typical in robust design situations,our proposed robust beamformers can be conveniently applied to other probabilistic robust design problems,thus reduce the complexity as well as improve the beamforming performance.Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms can significantly improve the performance as well as the robustness of the WPT system.

Numerical Analysis of Magnetic-Shielding Effectiveness for Magnetic Resonant Wireless Power Transfer System

Magnetic radiation phenomena appear inevitably in the magnetic-resonance wireless power transfer （MR-WPT） system, and regarding this problem the magnetic-shielding scheme is applied to improve the electromagnetic performance in engineering. In this study, the shielding effectiveness of a two-coil MR-WPT system for different material shields is analyzed in theory using Moser＇s formula and Schelkunoff＇s formula. On this basis a candidate magnetic-shielding scheme with a double-layer structure is determined, which has better shielding effectiveness and coils coupling coefficient. Finally, some finite element simulation results validate the correctness of the theoretical analysis, and the shielding effectiveness with the double-layer shield in maximum is 30？dB larger than the one with the single-layer case.

Resonant-Inductive Wireless Power Transfer for Autonomous Mobile Robots

Due to the increasing commercial interest in autonomy and sustainability,this paper reviews and presents a comprehensive summary of the resonant-inductive power transmission(RPT)technology for autonomous mobile robots.It outlines historic and recent research activities in wireless power transmission,covering the fundamental operation of microwave,capacitive and inductive power transfer technologies,state-of-the-art developments in RPT for high-power applications,current design and health standards,technological drawbacks,and possible future trends.In this paper,coupling-enhanced pad designs,adaptive tuning techniques,compensation network designs,and control techniques are explored.Major design issues such as coupling variation,frequency splitting,and bifurcation are reviewed.The difference between maximum power transfer and maximum energy efficiency is highlighted.Human exposure guidelines are summarized from documentations provided by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers(IEEE)and the International Commission on Non-ionizing Radiation Protection(ICNIRP).Other standards like WPC’s Qi and Airfuel design standards are also summarized.Finally,the possible trends of the relevant research and development,particularly dynamic charging,are discussed.The intention of this review is to encourage designs that will relieve robot operators of the burden of frequent manual recharging,and to reduce downtime and increase the productivity of autonomous mobile robots in industrial environments.

Middle range wireless power transfer systems with multiple resonators

The equivalent two-port network model of a middle range wireless power transfer(WPT) system was presented based on strongly coupled multiple resonators. The key parameters of the WPT system include self-inductance, resistance, parasitic capacitance, mutual inductance and S-parameters of coils & resonators were analyzed. The impedance matching method was used to optimize load power and transmission efficiency of the multi-resonator WPT system, and the impedance matching method was realized through adjusting the distances between the coils and resonators. Experiments show that the impedance matching method can effectively improve load power and transmission efficiency for middle range wireless power transfer systems with multiple resonators, at distances up to 3 times the coil radius with efficiency more than 70% and load power also close to 3.5 W.

Wireless Power Transfer Experiment by Using Magnetic Coupling Resonance

Wireless power transfer experiment by using magnetic coupling resonance can be used for electric vehicles,portable electronic equipment,etc.It is clear that this technology will bring convenience and productivity.So how can we do the wireless power transfer experiment?This thesis will show the experiment from two aspects:the first is to understand and explore the theory of this experiment.The second is to raise the questions I met and the utility of this technology.By studying the knowledge[1]of the theory,I have the fundamental understanding of alternating current,resonance circuit,and electro-magnetic induction[2].After the experiment,I also collect analyze the data.

Optimal Design for Wireless Power Transfer System with Relay Resonators

The optimization method by adjusting load and distances between two adjacent coils( or resonators) is presented on basis of wireless power transfer( WPT) system with relay resonators. 2-port network and impedance matching theory are applied to analyzing power flow of incidence and reflection in WPT system,then setting up power flow model. The maximum power transmission efficiency can be obtained when the load and distance between secondary resonator and output coil meets impedance matching at 2-port network's output port. The simulation and experimental results shown the impedance matching method can effectively improve and maintain transmission efficiency by adjusting load and distances between coils or relay resonators.

Wireless communication and wireless power transfer system for implantable medical device

Traditional magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transfer technology uses fixed distances between coils for research,to prevent fluctuations in the receiving voltage,and lead to reduce transmission efficiency.This paper proposes a closed-loop control wireless communication wireless power transfer system with a wearable four-coil structure to stabilize the receiving voltage fluctuation caused by changes in the displacement between the coils.Test results show that the system can provide stable receiving voltage,no matter how the distance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil is changed.When the transmission distance is 20 mm,the power transfer efficiency of the system can reach 18.5%under the open-loop state,and the stimulus parameters such as the stimulation period and pulse width can be adjusted in real time through the personal computer terminal.

Mid-Range Wireless Power Transfer and Its Application to Body Sensor Networks

It has been reported that, through the evanescent near fields, the strongly coupled magnetic resonance is able to achieve an efficient mid-range Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) beyond the characteristic size of the resonator. Recent studies on of the relay effect of the WPT allow more distant and flexible energy transmission. These new developments hold a promise to construct a fully wireless Body Sensor Network (wBSN) using the new mid-range WPT theory. In this paper, a general optimization strategy for a WPT network is presented by analysis and simulation using the coupled mode theory. Based on the results of theoretical and computational study, two types of thin-film resonators are designed and prototyped for the construction of wBSNs. These resonators and associated electronic components can be integrated into a WPT platform to permit wireless power delivery to multiple wearable sensors and medical implants on the surface and within the human body. Our experiments have demonstrated the feasibility of the WPT approach.

Demonstration of Automatic Impedance-Matching and Constant Power Feeding to and Electric Helicopter via Magnetic Resonance Coupling

Wireless power transfer (WPT) from a transmitter resonator on the ground to an electrically powered miniature heli-copter was attempted to demonstrate WPT using magnetic resonance coupling to an object moving in 3D space. The transmission efficiency was optimized by automatic impedance matching for different flight attitudes: a maximum flight altitude of 590 mm was achieved. Furthermore, an estimation method of transmission efficiency using only the properties on the transmitter side was proposed, with transmission power regulated as constant against the change in the coupling coefficient.

基于频率切换实现恒流/恒压输出的电场耦合无线电能传输系统

电场耦合无线电能传输(electric-field coupled wireless power transfer,EC-WPT)技术的实际应用中,有些用电设备需要系统具有不同的恒定输出特性(恒流/恒压),即系统输出电压或输出电流与负载解耦,此外,系统还需具备在恒流、恒压模式间按需切换的功能。针对该需求,基于LC-CLC谐振网络提出1种具有恒流/恒压输出特性的EC-WPT系统,分析LC-CLC谐振网络特性,推导恒流/恒压输出特性的实现条件以及恒流频率和恒压频率的计算方法,并给出系统参数设计方法,分析系统对工作频率的敏感性。最后通过仿真和实验验证所提出的EC-WPT系统恒流/恒压输出特性及其参数设计方法的正确性和有效性。实验结果表明所提出的系统在输入电压恒定的不同负载工况下分别实现2 A的恒流输出以及96 V的恒压输出,其最大传输效率分别为87.83%及88.17%。

基于自谐振线圈参数优化的多中继无线供电系统效率提升研究

印刷电路板(printed circuitboard,PCB)自谐振线圈可以避免绕线引起的偏差,且不受分立补偿电容的影响,应用在多中继无线供电系统中极具前景。针对PCB自谐振线圈结构参数优化不完全所导致的多中继无线供电系统传输效率低下的问题,该文给出了一种用以提升系统传输效率的PCB自谐振线圈结构参数优化设计方法。首先,建立了多中继无线供电系统的传输效率模型,并分析了线圈的电参数对传输效率的影响机理;其次,详细推导了线圈电参数与线圈的匝数、介质厚度、线宽、铜箔厚度、介质损耗角正切值以及介电常数之间的关系;然后,基于上述关系,以传输效率最高为目标,优化了线圈参数;最后,利用优化后的PCB自谐振线圈搭建了一套五线圈无线供电系统实验样机。实验结果表明,采用优化后的PCB自谐振线圈传输效率最高可达76.5%,相比优化前33.1%的传输效率,提高了43.4%。

基于等效阻抗的分数阶RLC_(α)串联谐振BD-WPT系统传输特性分析

针对谐振式无线电能传输系统中分数阶电感、电容元件的仿真实现困难的问题,采用等效阻抗实现分数阶电容的等效.基于分数阶电容的阻抗特性,给出了一种分数阶RLC_(α)串联谐振双向无线电能传输(bidirectional wireless power transfer,BD-WPT)系统结构,通过建立含分数阶电容的串联谐振式双向无线电能传输系统的电路模型,推导了其传输功率和效率关系.仿真实验结果表明,与整数阶串联谐振系统相比,系统的输出功率提升了7.82%,传输效率提升了0.58个百分点.

基于耦合谐振及新型空间全向耦合机构的无线电能传输系统

针对传统无线电能传输系统中发射机构和接收机构相对位置发生偏移时,传输功率和效率急剧下降的问题,提出了一种基于耦合谐振及新型空间全向耦合机构的无线电能传输系统。首先通过有限元仿真分析发射机构的磁场分布特性,设计了适应其磁场分布的接收机构;然后基于串串谐振补偿结构建立系统数学模型,分析系统传输特性;在此基础上提出了最优输出方式选择方法和传输特性优化方法。最后,通过试验验证了所提系统多自由度传输能量的可行性和有效性。试验结果表明,接收机构在多角度情况下的输出功率维持在35 W以上,传输效率稳定在60%~75%。

无线电能传输系统全桥逆变器性能优化研究

针对无线电能传输系统中全桥逆变器开关管的开通和关断存在振铃,能量传输波形纹波大,导致逆变器温升大和工作不稳定的问题,进行了电路建模分析,开展了全桥逆变器性能优化研究。首先,对逆变器开关管驱动电路进行了简化,建立了RLC串联谐振电路模型,分析了驱动电路结构参数对逆变器性能的影响规律,得出了优化方法;其次,分析了逆变器纹波大的问题,给出了优化方法;最后,搭建了300 W无线电能传输系统并进行实验。实验结果验证了优化方法的正确性和有效性,逆变器性能得到了改善,温升得到了有效控制,系统传输效率提高了5.3%,整机效率达到了89.3%。

Comprehensive Review and Analysis of Two-element Resonant Compensation Topologies for Wireless Inductive Power Transfer Systems

Wireless power transfer(WPT)is gaining much attention for battery charging of electric vehicles(EVs).Resonant WPT systems play a crucial role in achieving efficient power transfer from source to load.An overview of two-element resonant compensation techniques and their characteristics under various operating conditions are presented.Also the converter and control strategies used for different topologies are reviewed.The behavior of the performance factors are evaluated against the operating conditions and compared for the different topologies.

自限幅电路建模及在无线电能传输中的应用

在一些无线电能传输(WPT)技术的应用场合,对供电的可靠性与能量接收端的体积有严苛要求。回顾了用于LLC谐振变换器的自限幅电路,提出了基于基波法、通用于这些自限幅电路的非线性电容-非线性电阻等效电路模型。利用自限幅电路构建了本质安全且有利于减小接收端体积的WPT变换器拓扑。基于所提模型的计算结果表明,该拓扑具有本质安全性,并估算了自限幅电路工作后其电压增益变化规律。仿真与实验也验证了该拓扑是本质安全的,且提高了WPT装置的偏移容忍度,所提模型可用于估算其电压增益等指标。

基于振动理论的MCR-WPT系统频率分裂特性研究

为了进一步揭示磁耦合谐振式无线电能传输(MCR-WPT)系统频率分裂现象的物理原理,并建立一套使得系统工作在最大传输功率状态的工作准则,提出了一套建模分析方法。首先根据基尔霍夫电压定律对MCR-WPT系统进行了时域建模,并通过矩阵计算得到了传输功率的解析表达式。然后基于振动理论,分析了传输功率的频率分裂现象,阐述并推导了系统的几个关键参数:系统固有频率、电路固有频率和共振频率。接着深入分析了系统固有频率和电路固有频率之间的关系,进一步揭示了频率分裂及系统共振的物理原理。最后,通过实验验证了该理论的有效性和正确性。

考虑整流性负载特性的LCC-S型无线电能传输系统优化设计

无线电能传输系统中的整流性负载具有非线性特征,而对系统传输特性分析和谐振参数设计时常采用基波分析法,将整流性负载等效为纯电阻,导致理论分析与实际存在一定偏差、系统偏离谐振状态。针对该问题,以LCC-S型无线电能传输系统为研究对象,考虑谐波以及整流性负载的非线性,对系统传输特性进行分析,进而提出基于整流性负载补偿的负载阻抗和接收端串联谐振电容参数的计算方法,并对逆变电路开关特性进行分析验证。所提接收端谐振参数设计方法能够使系统接收端回路谐振,提高系统的输出功率;降低逆变电路开关管的关断电流,提升系统的传输效率。搭建了一套2.5 kW的LCC-S型无线电能传输实验平台,验证了理论分析与所提参数设计方法的有效性和正确性。

基于三级式可扩展多模块并联架构的低压大电流高距径比无线电能传输系统

在低压大电流高距径比磁谐振式无线供电场合,由于传输线圈间的耦合系数很小,因此功率器件和谐振元件的电流很大,导致系统损耗大,难以优化设计。为此,文中提出一种三级式可扩展多模块并联无线电能传输系统架构,利用基波分析法对双模块并联系统建模并分析其传输特性。为提升系统效率,对比3种输出级结构及其控制策略并遴选出一种最优拓扑。进一步地,提出线圈级具体参数设计方法以减小电压电流应力并实现输入级软开关。最后搭建一台距径比为1(30 cm/30 cm)的1 kW原理样机验证理论分析,对比3种不同输出级拓扑的性能。实验结果表明,系统最高效率可达75.2%。