Seismic control of multi-degrees-of-freedom structures by vertical mass isolation method using MR dampers

Vertical mass isolation(VMI)is one of the novel methods for the seismic control of structures.In this method,the entire structure is assumed to consist of two mass and stiffness subsystems,and an isolated layer is located among them.In this study,the magnetorheological damper in three modes:passive-off,passive-on,and semi-active mode with variable voltage between zero and 9 volts was used as an isolated layer between two subsystems.Multi-degrees-of-freedom structures with 5,10,and 15 floors in two dimensions were examined under 11 pairs of near field earthquakes.On each level,the displacement of MR dampers was taken into account.The responses of maximum displacement,maximum inter-story drift,and maximum base shear in controlled and uncontrolled buildings were compared to assess the suggested approach for seismic control of the structures.According to the results,the semi-active control method can reduce the response by more than 12%compared to the uncontrolled mode in terms of maximum displacement of the mass subsystem of the structures.This method can reduce more than 16%and 20%of the responses compared to the uncontrolled mode in terms of maximum inter-story drift and base shear of the structure,respectively.

MRE耗能阻尼器力学性能及半主动控制分析

根据磁流变弹性体(magnetorheological elastomer,简称MRE)的可调力学特性提出了基于MRE的新型耗能阻尼器,并对制备完成的硅橡胶基磁流变弹性体及阻尼器分别进行力学性能试验。利用Matlab/Simulink对各层均装有MRE阻尼器的7层框架结构进行建模仿真分析,将被动控制与基于半主动控制策略的经典最优控制和序列最优控制进行比较。力学测试结果表明:MRE在0~500 mT磁感应强度下其剪切模量变化值达到132.43 kPa,磁流变效应约提高274%;增大加载幅值和加载速率,均能提高MRE阻尼器的力学性能;对阻尼器施加电流激励,在0~10 A增大过程中其等效刚度和阻尼可以实现连续可调。仿真结果表明:基于MRE阻尼器的半主动控制系统可以有效减小结构在地震作用下的响应,3种控制均能对结构动力响应起到良好的控制效果,其中序列最优控制算法的控制效果最为显著且精确度更高;系统在实际测试中需考虑多方面因素影响,尽可能减小误差。

基于MRD优化布置的水轮发电机组碰摩系统振动抑制

针对水轮发电机组转子-转轮系统碰摩故障问题,采用磁流变液阻尼器(magneto-rheological damper,MRD)对轴系振动进行抑制,旨在探究MRD对机组轴系振动的影响规律及其对系统碰摩故障的抑制效果。首先,将机组轴向位置函数引入MRD非线性动力学模型,推导了碰摩故障下含轴向分布参数的MRD-转子-转轮系统动力学方程。其次,基于数值模拟方法,以机组转速为控制参数对比分析了是否考虑MRD的转子-转轮系统非线性动力学行为。最后,研究了不同MRD轴向布置参数对碰摩转子-转轮系统动力学行为的影响。研究结果表明:MRD的加入对转子、转轮非稳态运动具有良好约束作用,能够显著减小转子、转轮振动幅值,有效避免了机组轴系碰摩故障的发生;当阻尼器位置参数s_(1)、s_(2)分别取0.25与0.95时,MRD对系统的减振效果最佳。通过在机组轴系合理布置MRD,可有效改善系统振动情况,从而为水轮发电机组振动控制提供有益指导。

基于未知风荷载作用下拉索振动位移的拉索MR阻尼器失效破坏的原位识别方法

MR阻尼器在长期服役过程中可能由于各种因素导致阻尼器失效破坏。现有的对MR阻尼器的性能识别多为离线方法,需将阻尼器从斜拉索上拆卸下来后进行人工检测。该文提出一种基于斜拉索在未知风荷载作用下振动位移,对在役失效无模型的MR阻尼器作用力进行原位在线识别的方法。首先,建立模态坐标下斜拉索-阻尼器系统运动方程及观测方程,并进行模态截断以减少未知变量的数量。然后,将模态风荷载建模为随机游走过程并加入系统的增广状态中,并视MR阻尼器的作用力视为作用在斜拉索上的‘附加未知输入’,采用最近提出的无直接反馈的平滑最小方差无偏Bayesian滤波,对结构增广状态和MR阻尼器作用力进行识别。通过识别数值模拟的MR阻尼器三种典型的失效破坏模式,验证所提方法的有效性。

基于Damper的方向盘抖动问题优化设计

方向盘是顾客使用频次较高的零部件,受发动机等振源影响,在某些工况下方向盘会出现抖动等让顾客感到不适的问题,本文浅析了某车型方向盘高速抖动的原因,在现有方向盘结构上优化设计,增加Damper吸振器,有效解决了方向盘抖动问题,提升了顾客舒适性。

Investigation on Magnetorheological Effect of Novel Self-healing Magnetorheological Elastomers

Magnetorheological elastomers(MREs)hold significant promise in various fields such as automotive engineering,and civil engineering,where they serve as intelligent materials.Depending on the application of an external magnetic field,these materials exhibit varying magnetorheological and viscoelastic properties,including shear stress,yield stress,dynamic moduli,and damping.In this work,a new type of MRE,termed self-healing MREs(SH-MREs),has been developed by adding a novel self-healing agent into existing MREs.The dynamic modulus and loss factor of SH-MREs with different compositions have been characterized under various conditions of frequency,temperature,and strain.The results show that as the strain value increases,the loss factor also increases.Moreover,the loss factor initially increases and then decreases with increasing magnetic field strength.Although higher concentrations of ferromagnetic particles increase the loss factor,they enhance the operational range due to their better responsiveness to magnetic fields.SH-MREs demonstrate improved damping capabilities,attributed to the formation of coordination bonds between ferromagnetic particles and the self-healing agent.The stable structure increases the viscosity of MREs.The results of the regression model suggest a direct proportionality between sensitivity to the magnetic field and the ferromagnetic particle concentration.

基于MRG/CNT复合材料的磁电阻效应研究

通过在磁流变胶泥(MRG)中加入碳纳米管(CNT)组成复合材料,结合MRG的优良磁响应特性与CNT的电导特性,以复合材料作为填充材料设计实验敏感元件,建立实验表征系统对复合材料磁电阻效应的静态与动态特性开展了实验研究,并从微观层面分析了磁电阻效应机理,揭示了激励磁场影响复合材料电阻的关键因素。结果表明:复合材料处在磁工作区范围内,敏感元件的电阻值随磁场的增强而衰减,相对变化量达到了62.2%,同时表现出良好的时间稳定性;实验的动态响应输出与激励磁场的变化趋势高度一致,证明了复合材料具有良好的动态磁电阻响应特性。

大部件装配中的MRE被动柔顺装置研究

随着我国航天制造领域智能化要求的不断提升,利用工业机器人实现大部件的柔顺辅助装配对实现航天器的智能制造具有重要意义。然而在进行大部件的高精度装配时,机器人易受限于本体性能而难以弥补物理上的机械设计误差。据此,基于磁流变弹性体(Magnetorheological Elastomer,MRE)设计了一种可变刚度的被动柔顺装置置于机器人末端,并对其进行了仿真及实验测试,结果表明,升高通入电流可提高装置刚度,且装置在1 A电流差下的位移差约为20%,适配柔顺辅助装配的不同过程。

风力发电机叶片MRD模糊LQR减振控制研究

针对在载荷作用下风力机叶片面内外振动控制问题,基于磁流变阻尼器MRD(Magnetorheological Damper)开展风力机叶片减振控制研究,采用模糊控制和LQR(Linear Quadratic Regulator)控制算法相结合的策略对MRD的阻尼力进行最优控制设计,以实现风力机叶片最优减振控制。首先,介绍MRD的原理和力学模型;其次,以NREL-5MW风力发电机组为数值仿真对象,建立风机叶片MRD动力学模型;最后,设计相应的模糊LQR半主动控制算法,跟踪识别风力机叶片在载荷作用下的动力响应。结果表明:与MRD叶片响应相比,模糊控制及模糊LQR控制策略均具有良好的减振效果,均使叶片面内外响应明显减小。此外,对比分析发现模糊LQR控制效果相比模糊控制效果更好,且叶片减振效果接近LQR主动控制下的位移响应,同时也充分表明该控制方法的合理性和优越性。

Theoretical and Experimental Study on the Performance of Hermetic Diaphragm Squeeze Film Dampers for Gas-Lubricated Bearings

Low damping characteristics have always been a key sticking points in the development of gas bearings.The application of squeeze film dampers can significantly improve the damping performance of gas lubricated bearings.This paper proposed a novel hermetic diaphragm squeeze film damper(HDSFD)for oil-free turbomachinery supported by gas lubricated bearings.Several types of HDSFDs with symmetrical structure were proposed for good damping performance.By considering the compressibility of the damper fluid,based on hydraulic fluid mechanics theory,a dynamic model of HDSFDs under medium is proposed,which successfully reflects the frequency dependence of force coefficients.Based on the dynamic model,the effects of damper fluid viscosity,bulk modulus of damper fluid,thickness of damper fluid film and plunger thickness on the dynamic stiffness and damping of HDSFDs were analyzed.An experimental test rig was assembled and series of experimental studies on HDSFDs were conducted.The damper fluid transverse flow is added to the existing HDSFD concept,which aims to make the dynamic force coefficients independent of frequency.Although the force coefficient is still frequency dependent,the damping coefficient at high frequency excitation with damper fluid supply twice as that without damper fluid supply.The results serve as a benchmark for the calibration of analytical tools under development.

Vibration attenuation performance of wind turbine tower using a prestressed tuned mass damper under seismic excitation

With the rapid development of large megawatt wind turbines,the operation environment of wind turbine towers(WTTs)has become increasingly complex.In particular,seismic excitation can create a resonance response and cause excessive vibration of the WTT.To investigate the vibration attenuation performance of the WTT under seismic excitations,a novel passive vibration control device,called a prestressed tuned mass damper(PS-TMD),is presented in this study.First,a mathematical model is established based on structural dynamics under seismic excitation.Then,the mathematical analytical expression of the dynamic coefficient is deduced,and the parameter design method is obtained by system tuning optimization.Next,based on a theoretical analysis and parameter design,the numerical results showed that the PS-TMD was able to effectively mitigate the resonance under the harmonic basal acceleration.Finally,the time-history analysis method is used to verify the effectiveness of the traditional pendulum tuned mass damper(PTMD)and the novel PS-TMD device,and the results indicate that the vibration attenuation performance of the PS-TMD is better than the PTMD.In addition,the PS-TMD avoids the nonlinear effect due to the large oscillation angle,and has the potential to dissipate hysteretic energy under seismic excitation.

Development and Application of a Power Law Constitutive Model for Eddy Current Dampers

Eddy current dampers (ECDs) have emerged as highly desirable solutions for vibration control due to theirexceptional damping performance and durability. However, the existing constitutive models present challenges tothe widespread implementation of ECD technology, and there is limited availability of finite element analysis (FEA)software capable of accurately modeling the behavior of ECDs. This study addresses these issues by developing anewconstitutivemodel that is both easily understandable and user-friendly for FEAsoftware. By utilizing numericalresults obtained from electromagnetic FEA, a novel power law constitutive model is proposed to capture thenonlinear behavior of ECDs. The effectiveness of the power law constitutive model is validated throughmechanicalproperty tests and numerical seismic analysis. Furthermore, a detailed description of the application process ofthe power law constitutive model in ANSYS FEA software is provided. To facilitate the preliminary design ofECDs, an analytical derivation of energy dissipation and parameter optimization for ECDs under harmonicmotionis performed. The results demonstrate that the power law constitutive model serves as a viable alternative forconducting dynamic analysis using FEA and optimizing parameters for ECDs.

Parameters Optimization and Performance Evaluation of the Tuned Inerter Damper for the Seismic Protection of Adjacent Building Structures

In order to improve the seismic performance of adjacent buildings,two types of tuned inerter damper(TID)damping systems for adjacent buildings are proposed,which are composed of springs,inerter devices and dampers in serial or in parallel.The dynamic equations of TID adjacent building damping systems were derived,and the H2 norm criterion was used to optimize and adjust them,so that the system had the optimum damping performance under white noise random excitation.Taking TID frequency ratio and damping ratio as optimization parameters,the optimum analytical solutions of the displacement frequency response of the undamped structure under white noise excitation were obtained.The results showed that compared with the classic TMD,TID could obtain a better damping effect in the adjacent buildings.Comparing the TIDs composed of serial or parallel,it was found that the parallel TIDs had more significant advantages in controlling the peak displacement frequency response,while the H2 norm of the displacement frequency response of the damping system under the coupling of serial TID was smaller.Taking the adjacent building composed of two ten-story frame structures as an example,the displacement and energy collection time history analysis of the adjacent building coupled with the optimum design parameter TIDs were carried out.It was found that TID had a better damping effect in the full-time range compared with the classic TMD.This paper also studied the potential power of TID in adjacent buildings,which can be converted into available power resources during earthquakes.

磁流变半主动悬架变负载MRAC控制

针对车辆负载变化影响车辆综合性能的不确定性问题,建立了包含负载力的1/4车辆半主动悬架数学模型。选用磁流变阻尼器作为半主动部件,采用模型参考自适应控制(MRAC)衰减振动,运用李雅普诺夫定理证明了该系统的稳定性。以车身加速度、悬架动行程和轮胎动载荷的均方根值为评价指标,进行了变负载工况下的仿真分析。结果表明,在随机路面激励下,基于MRAC的磁流变半主动悬架在空载、负载1 kN和负载2 kN的情况下,悬架的3个性能指标与被动悬架相比均得到明显优化。

Semi-active control for vibration attenuation of vehicle suspension with symmetric MR damper

A semi-active force tracking PI controller is formulated and analyzed for a magnetorheological (MR) fluid-based damper in conjunction with a quarter-vehicle model. Two different models of the MR-damper are integrated into the closed-loop system model, which includes: a model based upon the mean force-velocity (f-v) behaviour; and a model synthesis comprising inherent nonsmooth hysteretic force and the force limiting properties of the MR damper. The vehicle models are analyzed to study the vibration attenuation performance of the MR-damper using the semi-active force tracking PI control algorithm. The simulation results are also presented to demonstrate the influence of the damper nonlinearity, specifically the hysteresis, on the suspension performance. The results show that the proposed control strategy can yield superior vibration attenuation performance of the vehicle suspension actuated by the controllable MR-damper not only in the sprung mass resonance and the ride zones, but also in the vicinity of the wheel-hop. The results further show that the presence of damper hystersis deteriorates the suspension performance.

NEURAL NETWORK REALIZATION OF STRUCTURAL VIBRATION CONTROL USING MR DAMPER

Magnetorheological (MR) dampers are one of the most promising new devices for civil infrastructural vibration control applications. However, due to their highly nonlinear dynamic behavior, it is very difficult to obtain of a mathematical model of inverse MR damper that has an explicit relationship between the desired damper force and the command signal (voltage). This force voltage relationship is especially required for the structural vibration control design and simulation using MR dampers. This paper focuses on using a neural network (NN) technique to emulate the inverse MR damper model. The output of the neural network can be used to command the MR damper for generating desired forces. Numerical simulations are also presented to illustrate the effectiveness of this inverse model in semi active vibration control using MR dampers.

Adaptive Backstepping Control Design for Semi-Active Suspension of Half-Vehicle With Magnetorheological Damper

This paper investigates the problem of controlling half-vehicle semi-active suspension system involving a magnetorheological(MR)damper.This features a hysteretic behavior that is presently captured through the nonlinear Bouc-Wen model.The control objective is to regulate well the heave and the pitch motions of the chassis despite the road irregularities.The difficulty of the control problem lies in the nonlinearity of the system model,the uncertainty of some of its parameters,and the inaccessibility to measurements of the hysteresis internal state variables.Using Lyapunov control design tools,we design two observers to get online estimates of the hysteresis internal states and a stabilizing adaptive state-feedback regulator.The whole adaptive controller is formally shown to meet the desired control objectives.This theoretical result is confirmed by several simulations demonstrating the supremacy of the latter compared to the skyhook control and passive suspension.

Experimental Study on Magnetorheological Damper for Semi-Active Vibration Control of Civil Infrastructures

Magnetorheological (MR) fluid is a kind of smart material whose rheological properties can be rapidly varied in magnetic field. To make full use of the advantages of MR fluid to devices, a model of double ended, shear combined and valve typed MR damper is designed and manufactured, and the dynamic properties under sinusoidal excitations are experimentally studied. The experiment results show that the maximum damping force of the MR damper at the full magnetic intensity reaches about 20 kN while the maximum power required is less than 50 W, which predicts that the MR damper will be a powerful measurement for semi active vibration control of civil infrastructures.

Adaptive Control of Helicopter Ground Resonance with Magnetorheological Damper

The methodology for adaptive control of helicopter ground resonance with magnetorheological （MR） damper is presented. The adaptive inverse control method is used to control the output damping force of MR damper and the range of the damping force is given. Through the adaptive inverse control, the damping force of MR damper is fit to a desired damping force. With the background of applying MR damper to control of helicopter ground resonance, a model of loss force and an adaptive arithmetic for stabilization of the coupled rotor/fuselage system are presented. The simulation shows that the controller presented in this paper can stabilize the rotor/fuselage coupling system quickly and control the helicopter ground resonance effectively.

MODELLING OF A NEW TYPE MR DAMPER

Applying the rule of laminar flow in the gap between two parallel disks, thetheoretical model of a new type MR damper is established, the damping characteristic and structuralcharacteristic of the MR damper are analyzed. Experimental results show that the model can reflectthe fundamental characteristics of the disk-gap MR damper.