Rheological properties of oil-based drilling fluids at high temperature and high pressure

The rheological properties of two kinds of oil-based drilling fluids with typically composition were studied at pressures up to 138 MPa and temperatures up to 204 ℃ using the RheoChan 7400 Rheometer.The experimental results show that the apparent viscosity,plastic viscosity and yield point decrease with the increase of temperature,and increase with the increase of pressure.The effect of pressure on the apparent viscosity,plastic viscosity and yield point is considerable at ambient temperature.However,this effect gradually reduces with the increase of temperature.The major factor influencing the rheological properties of oil-based drilling fluids is temperature instead of pressure in the deep sections of oil wells.On the basis of numerous experiments,the model for predict the apparent viscosity,plastic viscosity and yield point of oil-based drilling fluids at high temperature and pressure was established using the method of regressive analysis.It is confirmed that the calculated data are in good agreement with the measured data,and the correlation coefficients are more than 0.98.The model is convenient for use and suitable for the application in drilling operations.

MORPHOLOGICAL MODEL FOR RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PLANT CELL SUSPENSION CULTURE SYSTEM

This paper puts forward a physical and mathematical model for the rheological properties of a plant cell suspension culture system.The model can explain why the system is pseudoplastic satisfactorily,thus the rheological properties of the system as the effect of the flow behavior index on plant cell concentration are interpreted correctly and the mechanism of the rheological properties of the system is further understood.Therefore the model can be applied in the technological design and optimum conditions of the system and the reformation,evaluation and scale up of reactors.

Traction rheological properties of simulative soil for deep-sea sediment

The traction capacity of the mining machine is greatly in?uenced by the traction rheological properties of the deep-sea sediments. The best simulative soil was prepared for substituting the deep-sea sediment based on the deep-sea sediment collected from the Paci?c C-C mining area. Traction rheological properties of the simulative soil were studied by a home-made test apparatus. In order to accurately describe the traction rheological properties and determine traction rheological parameters, the Newtonian dashpot in Maxwell body of Burgers model was replaced by a self-similarity spring-dashpot fractance and a new rheological constitutive model was deduced by fractional derivative theory. The results show the simulative soil has obvious non-attenuate rheological properties. The transient creep and stable creep rate increase with the traction, but they decrease with ground pressure. The fractional derivative Burgers model are better in describing non-attenuate rheological properties of the simulative soil than the classical Burgers model. For the new traction rheological constitutive equation of the simulative soil, the traction rheological parameters can be obtained by ?tting the tested traction creep data with the traction creep constitutive equation. The ground contact length of track and walking velocity of the mining machine predicted by the traction rheological constitutive equation can be used to take full advantages of the maximum traction provided by the soil and safely improve mining effciency.

DESIGN METHOD OF MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL FLUID SHOCK ABSORBER FOR CAR SUSPENSION

The Bingham constitutive model, which is previously used in depiction of magnetorheological （MR） fluids rheological behaviors for design devices, exhibits discontinuous characteristics in representation of pre-yield behaviors and post-yield behaviors. A Biviscous constitutive model is presented to depict rheological behaviors of MR fluids and design automotive shock absorber. Quasi-static flow equations of MR fluids in annular channels are set theoretically up based on Navier-Stokes equations and several rational simplifications are made. And both flow boundary conditions and flow compatibilities conditions are established. Meantime, analytical velocity profiles of MR fluids though annular channels are obtained via solution of the quasi-static flow equations using Biviscous constitutive model. The prediction methodology of damping force offered by MR fluid shock absorber is formulated and damping performances are predicated in order to determine design parameters. MR fluid shock absorber for Mazda 323 car suspension is designed and fabricated in Chongqing University, China. Measurements from sinusoidal displacement cycle by Shanchuan Shock Absorber Ltd. of China North Industry Corporation reveal that the analytical methodology and design theory are reasonable.

库区浮泥层纵向流速垂线分布特性研究

水库浮泥是存在于水库底部的一层高含沙水体,流动性较强,直接影响水库淤积形态和水库排沙,研究其运动规律对水库减淤优化调度具有重要意义。根据三峡库区实测泥沙矿物组成和级配资料,配置沙样进行流变试验,以幂律流变模型描述浮泥的本构关系。构建了浮泥运动的速度分布理论模型,通过水槽试验对模型进行了验证,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。结果表明,浮泥运动速度随浮泥厚度、上层水流流速、床面坡度增大而增大,随浮泥密度增大而减少。沿水深方向浮泥纵向流速分布始终呈抛物线型,表层的浮泥流速要远大于底层浮泥,浮泥纵向流速沿垂向方向不断减少,最底部的浮泥几乎处于静止状态。

复合固体推进剂药浆浇铸工艺仿真及优化

为了研究HTPB复合固体推进剂药浆浇铸的最佳工艺参数,采用实验与理论模拟相结合的方法,基于HTPB复合固体推进剂药浆流变性能建立了推进剂药浆流动过程的本构模型;利用有限元软件对HTPB复合推进剂药浆浇铸工艺进行仿真,通过实验验证了仿真结果的可靠性;并对该推进剂药浆浇铸工艺进行了优化,获得了最佳浇铸工艺参数。结果表明,HTPB推进剂是典型的假塑性流体,其黏度随剪切速率增大而降低;实验与仿真对比后的气孔率及浇铸时间误差分别为12.5%和11.25%;其中,温度对浇铸时间的影响最明显,真空度对气孔率影响最明显。

固体推进剂的流变性能及工艺仿真研究进展

固体推进剂药浆是一种高固含量悬浮液,其流变性能十分复杂。基于此,介绍了用于描述固体推进剂流变性能的非牛顿本构方程,回顾了近年来固体推进剂混合、浇铸、包覆工艺过程仿真的研究进展,列举出目前推进剂工艺仿真研究中存在的问题和不足,提出进一步开展混合工艺过程中固体推进剂流变性能仿真以及固体推进剂全工艺过程仿真的建议,以期为固体推进剂工艺设计及参数优化提供参考。

纳米复合磁流变液制备与流变特性研究

利用纳米磁流体作为磁流变液的基础载液是提高磁流变效应的有效手段。然而,高稳定纳米复合磁流变液的制备仍然是一大难题,包括纳米磁流体的制备与复合颗粒的团聚问题。研究以硅烷偶联剂KH550为分散剂,制备了Fe_(3)O_(4)硅油基纳米磁流体,并通过分散剂共包覆工艺得到了新型纳米复合磁流变液。利用XRD、FI-IR、TEM、FE-SEM、VSM等手段对表面形貌、物相构成和磁性能进行了表征分析。研究了新型纳米复合磁流变液沉降稳定性和再分散性。结果表明,微米级颗粒的表面改性明显改善了纳米复合磁流变液的稳定性与再分散性,当纳米颗粒体积分数为8%时,沉降稳定性和再分散性达到最佳;新型纳米复合磁流变液表现出更佳的耐温性能,可在-40~120℃的温度范围内长期稳定。研究了新型纳米复合磁流变液的流变特性。结果表明,与传统磁流变液相比,纳米复合磁流变液表现出更高的离态粘度和磁流变效应,静态屈服应力和动态屈服应力均随纳米颗粒浓度和磁场强度的增大而增大。

磨料流加工均匀性仿真物理模型的选用与简化方法

新能源汽车齿轮磨齿加工后的精密抛光对于改善其噪声、振动和声振粗糙度性能至关重要,磨料流加工是最适用于复杂齿面高效抛光的关键技术之一,而夹具设计是实现工艺目标(减小波纹度及粗糙度,同时尽量不破坏齿面精度)的关键。结合仿真方法设计磨料流加工夹具优势突出,但物理模型的选择与仿真结果的准确性和计算成本之间存在着矛盾。采用不同黏度介质、黏度模型和流动模型进行仿真试验,分析体现加工均匀性的流体压力分布、速度矢量、壁面剪切力和流线分布云图,探究狭缝模型中磨料流稳态仿真结果,发现不同物理模型的仿真结果具有相似的分布趋势,能够实现加工区域流线的一致,证明了用简化的物理模型替代复杂的物理模型进行夹具优化仿真的可行性,而复杂模型有望用于深入分析磨料流体流动行为及材料去除机理。基于简化模型,采用最简单的牛顿流体──水作为介质,以加工区域流线分布均匀化作为优化目标,进行齿轮轴磨料流夹具设计优化,成功实现了去除齿轮鬼阶的目标。

Preparation and characterization of carbonyl iron/strontium hexaferrite magnetorheological fluids

The heat transfer oil-based magnetorheological fluid （MRF） was prepared using oleic acid-modified micron carbonyl iron powder as a magnetic dispersed phase and strontium hexaferrite （SrFe12019） nanoparticles as an additive. The sedimentation stability of MRFs was studied. The results indicated that the stability of MRFs was improved remarkably by adding SrFel2019 nanoparticles and the sedimenta- tion ratio was only 0.88 in 20 days when the content of nanoparticles reached 10wt%. The rheological properties were characterized by a HAAKE rheometer without a magnetic field and a capillary rheometer with and without a magnetic field. The effects of SrFe12019 nanoparticles, the temperature, and magnetic field strength were investigated. In addition, the rheological properties could be predicted well using the improved Herschel-Bulkley model, even under a magnetic field. A theoretical model was also proposed to predict the yield stress based on the microstructure of the MRF under an applied magnetic field.

Advanced nonlinear rheology magnetorheological finishing: A review

High-performance devices usually have curved surfaces, requiring high accuracy of shape and low surface roughness. It is a challenge to achieve high accuracies for form and position on a device with low surface roughness. However, due to the unique nonlinear rheology, magnetorheological fluids with hard abrasives are widely applied in ultra-precision surface finishing. Compared with conventional mechanical finishing, magnetorheological finishing displays obviously advantages, such as high precision shape of machined surface, low surface roughness and subsurface damage, and easy control for finishing processes. However, finishing performance depends on various factors, e.g. volume fraction and distribution of magnetic particles, types of hard abrasives and additives, strength of magnetic field, finishing forms. Therefore, a comprehensive review on related works is essential to understand the state-of-the-art of magnetorheological finishing and beneficial to inspire researchers to develop lower cost, higher machining accuracy and efficient approaches and setups, which demonstrates a significant guidance for development of high-performance parts in fields of aerospace, navigation and clinical medicine etc. This review starts from the rheological property of magnetorheological fluids, summarizing dynamically nonlinear rheological properties and stable finishing approaches. Then, the effect of components in magnetorheological fluids is discussed on finishing performance, consisting of magnetic particles, carrier fluid, additives and abrasives. Reasonable configuration of magnetorheological fluids, and different magnetorheological finishing methods are presented for variously curved surfaces. In addition, the current finishing forms and future directions are also addressed in this review.

Modelling of Magnetorheological Fluids with Combined Lattice Boltzmann and Discrete Element Approach

A combined lattice Boltzmann and discrete element approach is proposedfor numerical modelling of magnetorheological fluids. In its formulation, the particledynamics is simulated by the discrete element method, while the fluid field is resolvedwith the lattice Boltzmann method. The coupling between the fluid and the particlesare realized through the hydrodynamic interactions. Procedures for computing magnetic, contact and hydrodynamic forces are discussed in detail. The applicability ofthe proposed solution procedure is illustrated via a two-stage simulation of a MR fluidproblem with four different particle volume fractions. At the first stage, simulationsare performed for the particle chain formation upon application of an external magnetic field;and at the second stage, the rheological properties of the MR fluid underdifferent shear loading conditions are investigated with the particle chains establishedat the first stage as the initial configuration.

复合智能磁流变液的制备及流变性质研究

利用多元醇软化学方法制备了 Co- Ni超细颗粒 ,将 Co- Ni磁性颗粒与微孔材料通过粘结剂混合研磨 ,制得复合磁性颗粒 ,为了克服磁流变液的沉降稳定性 ,令复合磁性颗粒的密度等于载液的密度 ,各组分按此比例制备的 MRF具有较好的稳定性。利用旋转粘度计测试表明 ,无外场时 ,磁流变液的剪切应力 τ随剪切速率 γ变化的本构关系为 :τ=11.4γ0 .7,为一非牛顿液体。探讨了剪切应力和表观粘度系数随外加磁场和温度的变化关系 ,表明研制的 MRF的流变性质具有较高的低磁场敏感性质 ,并且具有较好的温度稳定性。

磁流变液体的流变力学特性试验和建模

从唯象角度讨论磁流变液体的流变力学特性。基于对磁流变液体的试验 ,讨论了磁感强度、温度和剪切应变速率等对磁流变液剪切应力的影响 ;建立了描述磁流变液剪切应力的 Bingham模型、广义 Bingham模型和非线性模型。

加锚岩体流变特性及锚固控制机制分析

通过室内蠕变试验和理论分析,对加锚改善岩石流变力学特性进行了研究,并探讨了锚固控制岩石流变的力学机制。采用RLJW-2000型流变试验机,对红砂岩及其加锚试件进行分级加载(100 h以上)单轴压缩试验,结果表明,加锚后岩石的流变应力阀值提高了20%～30%c,且不同应力水平流变量均能得到一定控制,加锚使试件的长期强度增加了5%～10%c。此外,基于整体协调变形原理,建立了加锚体流变本构方程,推导出了一维B-K模型解答,算例分析表明,锚杆密度越大,对岩石流变控制效果越好,得出锚杆等效刚度是约束岩石流变的主导因素,但从技术经济角度考虑,锚杆支护密度与岩石流变参数之间存在一个合理的匹配区间。研究结果对长期使用的岩体工程锚固支护设计提供了理论依据。

车用磁流变液流变特性分析及试验

磁流变液是一种新型的可控智能材料,其粘度可随外加磁场强度的变化而迅速改变,并且这种特性具有可逆、连续和易于控制等特点,在车辆减振器领域具有广泛的应用。介绍磁流变液材料的组成、特性及流变机理,分析和比较磁流变液的三种本构模型。通过磁流变液特性试验,结果表明磁流变液存在剪切稀化现象,并具有磁饱和特性;剪切屈服应力随着磁场的增大而增大,当磁感应强度达到一定时,剪切屈服应力开始减小;并针对试验提出了用修正的双粘度模型描述切应力。对磁流变液在车辆减振器的应用进行台架试验,表明减振器阻尼力随着外加电流增加而增大,当电流达到一定值后,减振器阻尼力趋于稳定,磁流变液具有可控性。

单筒充气型轿车磁流变液减振器研究

针对传统的双筒型磁流变液减振器底阀容易堵塞和单筒浮动活塞密封困难的问题,提出了一种单筒复合节流充气气囊补偿的磁流变液减振器。利用实验数据辨识了磁流变液的Herschel-Bulkley本构模型参数;建立了环形阻尼通道内磁流变液准稳态流动微分方程,利用Herschel-Bulkley本构模型得出了磁流变液速度分布表达式;研究了非牛顿流体环形通道节流、牛顿流体小孔节流和气囊补偿共同作用下的阻尼力计算方法。根据某轿车悬架参数要求,设计制作了磁流变液减振器样机;利用WDTS型油压减振器实验台对其进行了示功特性测试。测试结果表明:在不同电流激励作用下,磁流变液减振器的理论阻尼力值和测试值吻合较好,所提出的分析方法是合理的。

水包油钻井液高温高压流变性研究

用７４００型高温高压流变仪对“八五”期间研制的华北任平１井低密度水包油乳化钻井液高温高压流变性进行了实验研究。系统地测试了温度、压力对该钻井液流变性的影响；运用宾汉模式、幂律模式、卡森模式和赫巴模式对该钻井液高温高压流变数据进行了系统拟合分析，得出赫巴模式是描述该钻井液高温高压流变性的最佳模式，就工程应用而言，二参数的卡森模式也可以用于描述水包油乳化钻井液高温高压流变性。并研究了赫巴流变方程中各参数随温度和压力的变化规律；还对该钻井液高温高压流变数据进行了回归分析，建立了预测低密度水包油乳化钻井液高温高压流变性能的模式。

磁流变阻尼器的力学设计及试验研究

在反映磁流变液剪切稀化(稠化)特性的Herschel-Bulkley模型的基础上对双粘性滞回本构模型进行修正,根据液体准静态平板流动方程,得出了磁流变液在环形阻尼通道内的速度分布函数,推导出磁流变阻尼器阻尼力计算公式。在给定阻尼器活塞速度情况下对磁流变阻尼器的阻尼力进行理论计算预测;设计并制造了小型的磁流变阻尼器样机,对其进行试验测试,测试结果表明理论模型与设计方法可行。

深水条件下气制油合成基钻井液流变性和流变模式研究

深水钻井条件下钻井液面临低温高压问题。通过室内实验研究了深水条件下气制油合成基钻井液的流变性和流变模式。实验结果表明:低温条件下,高剪切速率时剪切应力随着压力的升高而升高,低剪切速率时剪切应力受压力的影响不大;表观粘度、塑性粘度随着压力的升高而增大,随着温度的升高而减小;动切力受温度和压力的影响较小,有利于井下压力控制。流变曲线拟合结果表明,宾汉、卡森、赫谢尔-巴尔克莱(H-B)等3种流变模式均能较好地表征深水条件下气制油合成基钻井液的流变性,但卡森模式和H-B模式计算复杂,因此在精度要求范围内,建议采用宾汉模式进行水力学计算。