Temperature Dependence of Ultrasonic Longitudinal Guided Wave Propagation in Long Range Steel Strands

Ultrasonic guided wave inspection is an effective non-destructive testing method which can be used for stress level evaluation in steel strands.Unfortunately the propagation velocity of ultrasonic guided waves changes due to temperature shift making the prestress measurement of steel strands inaccurate and even sometimes impossible.In the course of solving the problem,this paper reports on quantitative research on the temperature dependence of ultrasonic longitudinal guided wave propagation in long range steel strands.In order to achieve the generation and reception of a chosen longitudinal mode in a steel strand with a helical shaped surface,a new type of magnetostrictive transducer was developed,characterized by a group of thin clips and three identical permanent magnets.Excitation and reception of ultrasonic guided waves in a steel strand were performed experimentally.Experimental results shows that in the temperature range from-4 ℃ to 34 ℃,the propagation velocity of the L（0,1） mode at 160 kHz linearly decreased with increasing temperature and its temperature dependent coefficient was 0.90（m·s-1 ·（℃）-1） which is very close to the theoretical prediction.The effect of dimension deviation between the helical and center wires and the effect of the thermal expansion of the steel strand on ultrasonic longitudinal guided wave propagation were also analyzed.It was found that these effects could be ignored compared with the change in the material mechanical properties of the steel strands due to temperature shift.It was also observed that the longitudinal guided wave mode was somewhat more sensitive to temperature changes compared with conventional ultrasonic waves theoretically.Therefore,it is considered that the temperature effect on ultrasonic longitudinal guided wave propagation in order to improve the accuracy of stress measurement in prestressed steel strands.Quantitative research on the temperature dependence of ultrasonic guided wave propagation in steel strands provides an important basis for the compensation of temperature effects in stress measurement in steel strands by using ultrasonic guided wave inspection.

基于磁致伸缩效应在钢绞线中激励接收纵向导波模态的试验研究

对利用磁致伸缩效应在钢绞线中激励接收纵向导波模态的方法进行理论分析和试验研究。分析在公称直径为17.80mm的7芯钢绞线中纵向模态的传播特性。选取钢绞线外围钢丝中频率160kHz的L(0,1)模态用于钢绞线的健康检测。基于该模态的传播特性和钢绞线缠绕式外表面的特点,研制一种专用磁致伸缩传感器,用于7芯钢绞线的超声导波检测。该传感器的主要结构包括轴对称三磁路励磁结构和正反正绕向的三段式螺线管。三磁路励磁结构用来产生强度适合且均匀的偏置磁场,并设计专用夹片以降低钢绞线不规则外形所造成的空气磁阻。螺线管每段绕线的有效轴向宽度为频率160kHz的L(0,1)模态波长的一半。利用研制的磁致伸缩传感器,在长1180mm的自由钢绞线中进行超声导波的激励接收试验。试验结果表明,该传感器可以激励和接收选定的纵向模态L(0,1),为基于磁致伸缩效应的钢绞线超声导波检测奠定了一定基础。

预应力钢绞线中超声导波声弹性效应的试验研究

钢绞线中应力损失直接威胁到预应力结构的整体安全,实现钢绞线中预应力的无损、在役测量在工程中显得十分重要。对基于超声导波技术的钢绞线中的预应力测量方法进行理论分析和试验研究。根据波动理论和声弹性理论,得到不同应力状况下钢绞线中纵波和横波波速,分析建立钢绞线中最低阶纵向模态L(0,1)群速度与钢绞线承载的应力之间的对应关系。采用自行研制的磁致伸缩传感器在不同应力状态下公称直径17.80mm的7芯钢绞线上进行超声导波L(0,1)模态的激励接收试验。试验测定不同应力状态下钢绞线中L(0,1)模态导波的群速度,得到实际中L(0,1)模态的群速度和应力之间的关系曲线。结果表明,应力在0.5GPa以上时,钢绞线中L(0,1)模态的群速度会随着应力增大呈近似线性下降,与理论分析结果较为吻合。这为超声导波应用于钢绞线预应力大小的测量奠定了基础。

钢绞线用磁致伸缩传感器偏置磁场的有限元分析

首先对利用磁致伸缩效应在钢绞线中产生纵向模态的方法进行了理论分析.利用Maxwell三维磁场有限元分析软件对99mm长,公称直径17.80mm的7芯钢铰线建立模型.并依照磁路设计的相关理论,设计了利用双磁路及三磁路为7芯钢绞线提供偏置磁场的方案.最后,通过对磁路中的每根钢丝表面及中截面磁感应强度的比较分析,证明三磁路比双磁路的磁场强度更大,均匀性更好.

钢绞线中激励纵向模态的磁致伸缩型激励及接收器的选型

为在钢绞线中有效激励和接收纵向模态超声导波,对磁致伸缩型传感器的敏感元件螺线管的结构进行了优化,并进行了试验验证。首先,对利用磁致伸缩效应在钢绞线中激励及接收纵向模态超声导波的方法进行了分析,选用频率160kHz的L(0,1)纵向模态作为用于公称直径17.8mm的7芯钢绞线检测的导波。设计制作了激励该模态专用磁致伸缩型传感器。经过对结构和绕向不同的螺线管进行比较后,选取3段式螺线管作为磁致伸缩型传感器的敏感元件。为证实其检测能力,利用该传感器对钢绞线外围钢丝上的人工缺陷进行了检测,通过得到的实验信号可以很好确定缺陷位置。本文的研究为今后进一步检测钢绞线的健康状况奠定了基础。