Herbal extraction residues(HERs)cause serious environmental pollution and resource waste.In this study,a novel green route was designed for the comprehensive reutilization of all components in HERs,taking Magnolia off...Herbal extraction residues(HERs)cause serious environmental pollution and resource waste.In this study,a novel green route was designed for the comprehensive reutilization of all components in HERs,taking Magnolia officinalis residues(MOR)as an example.The reluctant structure of MOR was first destroyed by alkali pretreatment to release the functional ingredients(magnolol and honokiol)originally remaining in MOR and to make MOR more accessible for hydrolysis.A metal–organic frame material MIL-101(Cr)with a maximum absorption capacity of 255.64 mg g^(-1)was synthesized to absorb the released honokiol and magnolol from the pretreated MOR solutions,and 40 g L^(-1)reducing sugars were obtained with 81.8%enzymatic hydrolysis rate at 10%MOR solid loading.Finally,382 mg L-1β-amyrin was produced from MOR hydrolysates by an engineered yeast strain.In total,1 kg honokiol,8 kg magnolol,and 7.64 kg β-amyrin could produce from 1 ton MOR by this cleaner process with a total economic output of 170,700 RMB.展开更多
[Objective]In order to investigate the antialgal activities and species of the allelochemicals in Magnolia grandiflora leaves.[Method]The antialgal substances against Microcystic aeruginosa from the extracts of Magnol...[Objective]In order to investigate the antialgal activities and species of the allelochemicals in Magnolia grandiflora leaves.[Method]The antialgal substances against Microcystic aeruginosa from the extracts of Magnolia grandiflora leaves were separated,purified and identified based on the activity test,using silica gel column chromatography,gel column chromatography and GC-MS method and combining the algae inhibition experiment.[Result]The maximum inhibition rate of the extracts of Magnolia grandiflora leaves on Microcystic aeruginosa growth was 97.4% with the concentration of 8 g/L.A large amount of antialgal substances were found in the n-butanol extracts of Magnolia grandiflora and had very good inhibition effects on Microcystic aeruginosa,which were mainly small molecule substances such as alcohols,ketones and esters.[Conclusion]A new idea on developing new algal inhibitors had been provided.展开更多
Aim Isolation and structural elucidation of the constituents from the dried flower buds of Magnolia biondii Pamp. Methods Column chromatography and TLC were used to isolate chemical constituents. Spectroscopic methods...Aim Isolation and structural elucidation of the constituents from the dried flower buds of Magnolia biondii Pamp. Methods Column chromatography and TLC were used to isolate chemical constituents. Spectroscopic methods were employed for structural elucidation. Results One benzo furanoid neolignan （licarin B） and two bisepoxy lignans （magnolin, fargesin） were isolated and identified. Conclusion Licarin B is the first reported benzofuranoid lignan from the family Magnoliaceae.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to reveal responses of Magnolia multiflora to soil drought stress. [Method] Pot experiment was employed to simulate drought stress, and photosynthetic and physiological indices of M. multi...[Objective] This study aimed to reveal responses of Magnolia multiflora to soil drought stress. [Method] Pot experiment was employed to simulate drought stress, and photosynthetic and physiological indices of M. multiflora were determined. [Result] The net photosynthetic rate （Pn） of M. multiflora did not change significantly under mild drought stress, and reduced significantly under moderate and severe drought stress. Drought stress reduced stomatal conductance （Gs）, transpiration rate （Tr） and intercellular CO2 concentration （Ci）, and compared with those in the control group, the Pn, Gs, Tr and Ci under severe drought stress declined by 61.04%, 86.27%, 87.77% and 42.63%, respectively. The malondialdehyde （MDA） content in M. multiflora leaves did not increase significantly under mild drought stress, and increased significantly under moderate and severe drought stress. The MDA content in M. multiflora leaves under severe drought stress was 1.63 times as high as that in the control group. The proline （Pro） and soluble sugar contents of M. multiflora increased significantly with the aggravation of drought stress, and those under severe drought stress were 8.06 times and 3.16 times respectively higher than those in the control group. [Conclusion] M. multiflora has a strong drought tolerance, and is suitable for growing in relatively arid environment. It can be used as candidate for vegetation restoration in hydropower engineering slope.展开更多
Magnolia sinica is one of the most threatened trees endemic to Southeast Yunnan.Based on our investigations,only 52 individuals and eight populations are found in the wild.M.sinica has been categorized as Critically E...Magnolia sinica is one of the most threatened trees endemic to Southeast Yunnan.Based on our investigations,only 52 individuals and eight populations are found in the wild.M.sinica has been categorized as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List and identified as a "Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations(PSESP)".Its fruit/seed set is very low and seedlings are rarely found in the wild.It is hypothesized that it may encounter obstacles to reproductive success.This study,therefore,focuses on its reproductive biology,knowledge of which is essential for effective conservation.Flowers of this species are protogynous and nocturnal,and possess a two-day rhythm of sexual presentation.For the first night of anthesis,the flowers are in the pistillate stage during which tepals open at dusk and close approx.1 h later(except for the open outer ones).They remain closed until the next afternoon,when flowers,now in the staminate stage,re-open and remain so until the tepals drop.Nocturnal beetles enter into the flowers and remain trapped throughout the night as the flower closes,during which time they feed on tepals.Pollen-gathering bees are found to visit the re-opened flowers and the beetles are released during this stage.Two species of Pleocomidae and Curculionidae beetles appear to be effective pollinators.M.sinica is a self-compatible,pollinator-dependent species,and its fruit/seed set can be significantly increased by hand-pollination.No functional seed dispersers have been found in its extant natural habitats.These findings suggest that it may face both pollination and seed disperser insufficiencies in its current fragmented habitats,which may account for its low regeneration.Here we propose conservation strategies based on our findings.展开更多
Magnoline（1）,a new isoquinoline derivative,was isolated from the leaves of Magnolia sieboldii K.Koch（Magnoliaceae）.Its structure was elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis including 1D,2D NMR and HR-TOF-MS.
The population structure and regeneration status of Magnolia punduana Hk. f. & Th., an endemic tree species of northeast India were investigated in fragmented forests in the Jarain Hills and in adjoining areas of ...The population structure and regeneration status of Magnolia punduana Hk. f. & Th., an endemic tree species of northeast India were investigated in fragmented forests in the Jarain Hills and in adjoining areas of Meghalaya state. The population structure was discontinuous in all the fragments with the absence of individuals in higher diameter classes. The number of individuals increased with the size of the fragment patches(p < 0.004). The density of mature trees(≥5 cm dbh) was high(24–30 individuals ha-1) in the largest fragment(>105 ha). The number of seedlings and saplings were also higher in the larger fragments. Human-related disturbances had a negative impact on the species population(p<0.002). Variation in the population density in different forest patches has been attributed to fragment size, site characteristics and ongoing human disturbances. The restricted distribution of the species coupled withexploitation and habitat destruction underlines the need for its conservation.展开更多
Background:Magnolia bark(Magnolia Officinalis REHD.&WILS.and Magnolia officinalis REHD.&WILS.VAR.biloba REHD.&WILS,Hou Po in Chinese),is widely applied in clinical prescriptions and Chinese patent medicine...Background:Magnolia bark(Magnolia Officinalis REHD.&WILS.and Magnolia officinalis REHD.&WILS.VAR.biloba REHD.&WILS,Hou Po in Chinese),is widely applied in clinical prescriptions and Chinese patent medicines.Origin place is a crucial factor affecting the quality of Hou Po,and chemical composition is an important index for evaluating its quality,which is closely related to its clinical efficacy.This study aims to develop a novel method for rapidly,accurately and comprehensively identifying the origin places of Hou Po and predicting the contents of its important chemical components.Methods:High performance liquid chromatography was used to analyze the contents of magnolol and honokiol and ultra-performance liquid chromatography the contents of magnocurarine and magnoflorine.The cold soak method was used to determine the contents of water-soluble extracts.The E-nose and colorimeter were used to determine the odor and color characteristics,respectively,of the collected Hou Po samples.Results:Using several statistical algorithms,different discriminant models based on the E-nose and colorimeter data were established to distinguish the origin place of Hou-Po and predict the chemical components of honokiol,magnolol,magnocurarine,magnoflorine and water-soluble extracts.The results showed that the Random Forest classifier combined with the ten-fold cross-validation method provided the highest classification accuracy for origin place,accounting for 99.53%among these models.The correlation coefficients between predicted and experimental values of the five chemical components were all higher than 0.96.Conclusion:This study has indicated that the electronic nose and colorimeter are promising methods for evaluating the quality of Chinese herbal medicines both qualitatively and quantitatively.展开更多
This paper reports the first population ecology study of the endangered Magnolia sargentiana Rehder ＆ Wilson （Magnoliaceae）. Magnolia sargentiana is a protected species in China, but little is known about its prese...This paper reports the first population ecology study of the endangered Magnolia sargentiana Rehder ＆ Wilson （Magnoliaceae）. Magnolia sargentiana is a protected species in China, but little is known about its present status in the field. In 2007 and 2008, we surveyed the population and conservation status ofM. sargentiana in the Provincial Mamize Nature Reserve and the National Meigu Dafengding Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province, southwestern China. Natural regeneration is poor because of unfavorable environmental conditions and anthropogenic disturbances. Flower buds and bark ofM. sargentiana are used in traditional Chinese medicine and their collection by local people over the period 1983-1994 has led to marked population declines. The collection of flower buds and bark is now banned, but hewing branches for firewood and grazing continues to have a negative impact on the recovery of M. sargentiana populations. To protect the species, we require a ban on hewing branches, closure of primary forests to reduce the impact of humans and ungulates, better education of local people, and increased awareness of wildlife conservation.展开更多
A new sesquiterpenoid was obstained from the leaves of Magnolia delavayi. Its structure was determined as 8β-acetoxy-10α-ethyloxy-guaia-4α, 11-diol on the basis of spectral evidence.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(2019YFC1906601)China the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(C12021A04111)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(ZZ13-YQ-040).
文摘Herbal extraction residues(HERs)cause serious environmental pollution and resource waste.In this study,a novel green route was designed for the comprehensive reutilization of all components in HERs,taking Magnolia officinalis residues(MOR)as an example.The reluctant structure of MOR was first destroyed by alkali pretreatment to release the functional ingredients(magnolol and honokiol)originally remaining in MOR and to make MOR more accessible for hydrolysis.A metal–organic frame material MIL-101(Cr)with a maximum absorption capacity of 255.64 mg g^(-1)was synthesized to absorb the released honokiol and magnolol from the pretreated MOR solutions,and 40 g L^(-1)reducing sugars were obtained with 81.8%enzymatic hydrolysis rate at 10%MOR solid loading.Finally,382 mg L-1β-amyrin was produced from MOR hydrolysates by an engineered yeast strain.In total,1 kg honokiol,8 kg magnolol,and 7.64 kg β-amyrin could produce from 1 ton MOR by this cleaner process with a total economic output of 170,700 RMB.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30671240,30871588)Open Fund of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Engineering(K090025,K090027)~~
文摘[Objective]In order to investigate the antialgal activities and species of the allelochemicals in Magnolia grandiflora leaves.[Method]The antialgal substances against Microcystic aeruginosa from the extracts of Magnolia grandiflora leaves were separated,purified and identified based on the activity test,using silica gel column chromatography,gel column chromatography and GC-MS method and combining the algae inhibition experiment.[Result]The maximum inhibition rate of the extracts of Magnolia grandiflora leaves on Microcystic aeruginosa growth was 97.4% with the concentration of 8 g/L.A large amount of antialgal substances were found in the n-butanol extracts of Magnolia grandiflora and had very good inhibition effects on Microcystic aeruginosa,which were mainly small molecule substances such as alcohols,ketones and esters.[Conclusion]A new idea on developing new algal inhibitors had been provided.
文摘Aim Isolation and structural elucidation of the constituents from the dried flower buds of Magnolia biondii Pamp. Methods Column chromatography and TLC were used to isolate chemical constituents. Spectroscopic methods were employed for structural elucidation. Results One benzo furanoid neolignan （licarin B） and two bisepoxy lignans （magnolin, fargesin） were isolated and identified. Conclusion Licarin B is the first reported benzofuranoid lignan from the family Magnoliaceae.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51179094)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to reveal responses of Magnolia multiflora to soil drought stress. [Method] Pot experiment was employed to simulate drought stress, and photosynthetic and physiological indices of M. multiflora were determined. [Result] The net photosynthetic rate （Pn） of M. multiflora did not change significantly under mild drought stress, and reduced significantly under moderate and severe drought stress. Drought stress reduced stomatal conductance （Gs）, transpiration rate （Tr） and intercellular CO2 concentration （Ci）, and compared with those in the control group, the Pn, Gs, Tr and Ci under severe drought stress declined by 61.04%, 86.27%, 87.77% and 42.63%, respectively. The malondialdehyde （MDA） content in M. multiflora leaves did not increase significantly under mild drought stress, and increased significantly under moderate and severe drought stress. The MDA content in M. multiflora leaves under severe drought stress was 1.63 times as high as that in the control group. The proline （Pro） and soluble sugar contents of M. multiflora increased significantly with the aggravation of drought stress, and those under severe drought stress were 8.06 times and 3.16 times respectively higher than those in the control group. [Conclusion] M. multiflora has a strong drought tolerance, and is suitable for growing in relatively arid environment. It can be used as candidate for vegetation restoration in hydropower engineering slope.
基金supported financially by the NSFC-Yunnan joint fund to support key projects to W.B.Sun(Grant no.U1302262)the Young Academic and Technical Leader Raising Foundation of Yunnan Province to G.Chen(2015HB091)
文摘Magnolia sinica is one of the most threatened trees endemic to Southeast Yunnan.Based on our investigations,only 52 individuals and eight populations are found in the wild.M.sinica has been categorized as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List and identified as a "Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations(PSESP)".Its fruit/seed set is very low and seedlings are rarely found in the wild.It is hypothesized that it may encounter obstacles to reproductive success.This study,therefore,focuses on its reproductive biology,knowledge of which is essential for effective conservation.Flowers of this species are protogynous and nocturnal,and possess a two-day rhythm of sexual presentation.For the first night of anthesis,the flowers are in the pistillate stage during which tepals open at dusk and close approx.1 h later(except for the open outer ones).They remain closed until the next afternoon,when flowers,now in the staminate stage,re-open and remain so until the tepals drop.Nocturnal beetles enter into the flowers and remain trapped throughout the night as the flower closes,during which time they feed on tepals.Pollen-gathering bees are found to visit the re-opened flowers and the beetles are released during this stage.Two species of Pleocomidae and Curculionidae beetles appear to be effective pollinators.M.sinica is a self-compatible,pollinator-dependent species,and its fruit/seed set can be significantly increased by hand-pollination.No functional seed dispersers have been found in its extant natural habitats.These findings suggest that it may face both pollination and seed disperser insufficiencies in its current fragmented habitats,which may account for its low regeneration.Here we propose conservation strategies based on our findings.
文摘Magnoline（1）,a new isoquinoline derivative,was isolated from the leaves of Magnolia sieboldii K.Koch（Magnoliaceae）.Its structure was elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis including 1D,2D NMR and HR-TOF-MS.
基金supported by the University Grants Commission(UGC)(Grant no.:F1-17.1/2013-14/RGNF-2013-14-STNAG-43868/(SA-III/website)and(Grant no.F.15-6(Dec.,2011)/2012(NET))。
文摘The population structure and regeneration status of Magnolia punduana Hk. f. & Th., an endemic tree species of northeast India were investigated in fragmented forests in the Jarain Hills and in adjoining areas of Meghalaya state. The population structure was discontinuous in all the fragments with the absence of individuals in higher diameter classes. The number of individuals increased with the size of the fragment patches(p < 0.004). The density of mature trees(≥5 cm dbh) was high(24–30 individuals ha-1) in the largest fragment(>105 ha). The number of seedlings and saplings were also higher in the larger fragments. Human-related disturbances had a negative impact on the species population(p<0.002). Variation in the population density in different forest patches has been attributed to fragment size, site characteristics and ongoing human disturbances. The restricted distribution of the species coupled withexploitation and habitat destruction underlines the need for its conservation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81573542&81403054)Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(2019-JYB-JS-006).
文摘Background:Magnolia bark(Magnolia Officinalis REHD.&WILS.and Magnolia officinalis REHD.&WILS.VAR.biloba REHD.&WILS,Hou Po in Chinese),is widely applied in clinical prescriptions and Chinese patent medicines.Origin place is a crucial factor affecting the quality of Hou Po,and chemical composition is an important index for evaluating its quality,which is closely related to its clinical efficacy.This study aims to develop a novel method for rapidly,accurately and comprehensively identifying the origin places of Hou Po and predicting the contents of its important chemical components.Methods:High performance liquid chromatography was used to analyze the contents of magnolol and honokiol and ultra-performance liquid chromatography the contents of magnocurarine and magnoflorine.The cold soak method was used to determine the contents of water-soluble extracts.The E-nose and colorimeter were used to determine the odor and color characteristics,respectively,of the collected Hou Po samples.Results:Using several statistical algorithms,different discriminant models based on the E-nose and colorimeter data were established to distinguish the origin place of Hou-Po and predict the chemical components of honokiol,magnolol,magnocurarine,magnoflorine and water-soluble extracts.The results showed that the Random Forest classifier combined with the ten-fold cross-validation method provided the highest classification accuracy for origin place,accounting for 99.53%among these models.The correlation coefficients between predicted and experimental values of the five chemical components were all higher than 0.96.Conclusion:This study has indicated that the electronic nose and colorimeter are promising methods for evaluating the quality of Chinese herbal medicines both qualitatively and quantitatively.
基金funded by the Foundation Franklinia of Belgium and the 111 Project of China(no.B08037).
文摘This paper reports the first population ecology study of the endangered Magnolia sargentiana Rehder ＆ Wilson （Magnoliaceae）. Magnolia sargentiana is a protected species in China, but little is known about its present status in the field. In 2007 and 2008, we surveyed the population and conservation status ofM. sargentiana in the Provincial Mamize Nature Reserve and the National Meigu Dafengding Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province, southwestern China. Natural regeneration is poor because of unfavorable environmental conditions and anthropogenic disturbances. Flower buds and bark ofM. sargentiana are used in traditional Chinese medicine and their collection by local people over the period 1983-1994 has led to marked population declines. The collection of flower buds and bark is now banned, but hewing branches for firewood and grazing continues to have a negative impact on the recovery of M. sargentiana populations. To protect the species, we require a ban on hewing branches, closure of primary forests to reduce the impact of humans and ungulates, better education of local people, and increased awareness of wildlife conservation.
文摘A new sesquiterpenoid was obstained from the leaves of Magnolia delavayi. Its structure was determined as 8β-acetoxy-10α-ethyloxy-guaia-4α, 11-diol on the basis of spectral evidence.
