Cosmology Should Directly Use the Doppler’s Formula to Calculate the Red Shift of Ia Supernova<br />—The Proofs That Metric Red Shift Is Inapplicable and Dark Energy Does Not Exist

The Doppler formula should be used directly to calculate red shift of Cosmology. The first is gravity, the second is the Doppler’s effect and the third is the Compton scattering. The red shift of cosmology is considered to be caused by the receding motions of celestial bodies, of which essence is the Doppler’s effect. However, the basic formula used to calculate the relationship between red shift and distance for Ia supernova in cosmology is z+1= R(t0)/R(t1)which is based on the R-W metric and related to the scalar factor R(t). This is different from the Doppler formula which is related to speed factor R(t). Because the R-W metric is only a mathematical structure of space, the metric red shift is not an independent law of physics, this inconsistence is not allowed in physics. It is proved strictly in this paper that the formula of metric red shift is only the result of the first order approximation. If higher order approximations are considered, we can obtain a restrict condition R(t). It indicates that if the formula of metric red shift holds, it can only be suitable to describe the spatial uniform expansion, unsuitable for the practical universal process with acceleration. The further study reveals that the R-W metric violates the invariability principle of light’s speed in vacuum. The time delay caused by

Energy level formula for two moving charged particles with Coulomb coupling derived via the entangled state representations

This paper derives energy level formula for two moving charged particles with Coulomb coupling by making full use of two mutually conjugate entangled state representations. These newly introduced entangled state representations seem to provide a direct and convenient approach for solving certain dynamical problems for two-body systems.

Energy average formula of photon gas rederived by using the generalised Hermann-Feynman theorem

By virtue of the generalised Hermann-Feynmam theorem we re-derive the energy average formula of photon gas. This is another useful application of the theorem.

The Formula of Kinetic Energy for the Closed Planar Homothetic Direct Motions

In this paper, during one-parameter closed planar homothetic direct motions, the formula of kinetic energy is expressed. Then we show the relation between the formula of kinetic energy and the Steiner formula. We investigate some properties of closed planar homothetic motions. These motions appear between two coordinate systems, fixed and moving (direct motion). Finally, we show how the results can be applied to experimentally measured motions. As an example, we consider a motion of winch in the sagittal direction. We obtain the formula of kinetic energy for the motion of winch during one-parameter closed planar homothetic direct motions.

The Kinetic Energy Formula for the Closed Planar Homothetic Inverse Motions in Complex Plane

In this paper, the kinetic energy formula was expressed during one-parameter closed planar homothetic inverse motions in complex plane. Then the relation between the kinetic energy formula and the Steiner formula was given. As an example the sagittal motion of a telescopic crane was considered. This motion was described by a double hinge consisting of the fixed control panel of telescopic crane and the moving arm of telescopic crane. The results were applied to experimentally measured motion.

Application and Popularization of Energy Formula

In physics, there are two main energy formulas. One is kinetic energy formula and the another is Einstein equation. But kinetic energy formula can only calculate low speed motion. Einstein equation can only calculate light speed motion. The two formulas are not unified. We hope to get a unified formula. But it didn’t work. According to the principle of Lorentz contraction, we generalize the contraction of length to the contraction of mass, and obtain a unified energy formula. This is the generalized Einstein equation and the new Einstein kinetic energy formula.

Saving Energy for Wireless Transmission:An Important Revelation from Shannon Formula

The reduction of power consumption is important for wireless communications and networks.To develop the energy-saving technologies for future wireless transmissions and networks,this paper presents two basic study points:1)The multiple events are merged into a single event;2)the high-order mode is changed to the low-order mode.For this rea⁃son,we seek that multiple events in wireless transmission links are fused into a single event from Shannon formulas.We also analyze the relationship between the information modula⁃tion and the error correction,and give a fusion structure of error-corrected modulation.The energy-saving performance of the error-corrected modulation method is further analyzed through comparison with the traditional methods of modulation plus error correction.The re⁃sults of numerical analysis demonstrate the wireless energy saving methods for wireless sys⁃tems based on Shannon formulas are the achievable efficient schemes.

考虑底坡影响的U形渠道量水槽流量公式研究

渠道底坡是影响输水能力的重要因素,但量水槽流量公式往往忽略渠道底坡。为了探究渠道底坡对流量公式的影响,以三角形量水槽为研究对象,在6种底坡的U形渠道上开展田间试验。应用能量方程式推求了流量的理论公式,基于量纲分析法分别建立不包含和包含渠道底坡的流量公式,探讨渠道底坡影响流量公式的范围。流量的理论公式表明渠道底坡是影响量水槽流量公式的因素之一。与不包含渠道底坡的流量公式相比,包含渠道底坡的流量公式测流精度显著提高,平均相对误差从2.92%降低至1.65%,最大相对误差从12.22%减小至7.37%,相对误差绝对值小于5%的比例从80.94%提升至95.89%。渠道底坡影响三角形量水槽流量公式的范围界定为1100~1/1200,当渠道底坡小于11200时可以忽略。量水槽流量公式应考虑渠道底坡的影响。

国产官能化溶聚丁苯橡胶SSBRBF2055M配方与性能的关系研究

本文以国产官能溶聚丁苯橡胶化SSBR BF2055M为基础胶开展了应用配方研究,并考察了配方与加工能耗、加工性能、力学性能、动态性能等的关联关系。分别引入20份BR、NR、SBR作为复配胶,选用白炭黑作为补强材料,获得FBR、FNR、FSBR三种复合材料,结果表明,FNR混炼能耗低、加工性能好,FBR耐磨性好、滚动损失小、燃油经济性优异,FSBR湿牵引与湿操纵性能突出;本文还研究了高、低填充体系两个配方,研究数据表明,高填充体系的能耗高、滚动阻力差、抗湿滑性和抓地性好,低填充体系的加工性能好、滚动损失小。综合来看,设计的五个配方各有优势,均可用于绿色轮胎胎面胶中,可根据应用需求灵活选择。

《神农本草经》与经方应用之泽泻篇

《神农本草经》记载泽泻“:味甘,寒。主风寒湿痹,乳难,消水,养五脏,益气力,肥健。久服耳目聪明,不饥,延年,轻身,面生光,能行水上。”以《神农本草经》中泽泻的主治作用为线索,分析《伤寒杂病论》中泽泻的应用。泽泻主治消水,消心下之水,常与白术配伍,以泽泻汤为代表方;消膀胱之水,常与茯苓、白术、桂枝等药配伍,以五苓散为代表方;消腰下之水,常与牡蛎、栝楼根、葶苈子等药配伍,以牡蛎泽泻散为代表方;消肾脏之水,常与生地黄、山茱萸等药配伍,以肾气丸为代表方;消血中之水,常与当归、芍药等药配伍,以当归芍药散为代表方。泽泻可调养五脏,培补正气,“养五脏,益气力,耳目聪明”,常与生地黄、山药等配伍,以肾气丸为代表方;“轻身,面生光,能行水上”,常与茯苓、甘草、桂枝等药配伍,以茯苓泽泻汤为代表方。

NTO基混合炸药配方高分子包覆酸性防护的分子动力学模拟研究

为了从微观理论角度探究不同酸性腐蚀防护涂层材料与NTO基炸药配方的包覆效果,应用分子动力学MD方法(molecular dynamic)模拟来研究NTO基炸药配方JEO与不同高分子包覆材料聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)、聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)、P84聚酰亚胺、氟化聚酰亚胺(6FDA)、聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)的结合能、内聚能密度和力学性能。在结合能力方面,PVDF为最优的包覆剂.在内聚能密度方面,PVDF、PMMA和PDMS有增强稳定性的作用.在界面结合处力学性能方面,PVDF和PMMA的加入使体系具有较好的牢固度,包覆效果最为紧密。在成型性方面,PEI的加入具有较好的效果.

内陆复杂风电场风速垂直外推模型研究

陆上风能资源评估中风电机组的轮毂高度大于测风塔高度,忽略大气稳定度影响与地表粗糙度变化,风切变指数受地面地形和地貌因素的影响,且在外推到轮毂高度处时,风速难以精确预测。综合考虑了Monin Obukhov相似理论与动力学粗糙度最小二乘法计算模型,建立一种基于大气热稳定性在中性条件下的拟合方法。首先,评估了风切变指数在不同地点的空间分布和与大气稳定度变化之间的相关影响;其次,以2个不同地貌下陆上风电场的实测数据为基础,与常用的综合切变外推轮毂高度风速的计算方案相比较,结果表明:风切变指数日变化与大气稳定性日变化存在一定的相关性,新型外推风速模型计算方法能更加准确地评估目标高度风速的垂直分布变化。

基于肝脏能量代谢途径变化探讨健脾化浊消脂方对代谢相关脂肪性肝病大鼠的干预机制

目的通过肝脏能量代谢途径研究健脾化浊消脂方(JPHZXZF)防治代谢相关脂肪性肝病大鼠的作用机制。方法将36只雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白组,模型组,阳性药物组,健脾化浊消脂方高、中、低剂量组。空白组饲喂维持饲料,其余五组饲喂高脂饲料同时饮用10%果葡糖浆溶液,连续喂养12周后,各给药组小鼠给予相应药物连续干预4周。末次给药后,采用生化分析仪测定大鼠血清中三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(T-CHO)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、空腹葡萄糖(FBG)含量;试剂盒法检测大鼠肝脏中TG、T-CHO、游离脂肪酸(NEFA)、柠檬酸合成酶(CS)、肉毒碱棕榈酸转移酶-1(CPT-1)、低氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)含量或活性;用油红O、HE染色观察大鼠肝脏病理变化;采用蛋白免疫印迹法检测大鼠肝脏组织中p-AMPKα、HIF-1α蛋白表达水平。结果JPHZXZF可以显著降低TG、T-CHO、LDL-C、FBG、NEFA、CS、CPT-1、HIF-1α、LDH含量或活性(P<0.05),缓解肝细胞脂质沉积,升高p-AMPKα的蛋白表达水平(P<0.05),降低HIF-1α的蛋白表达水平(P<0.05)。结论JPHZXZF可以有效改善代谢相关脂肪性肝病糖脂代谢紊乱,其作用可能与改变能量代谢途径有关。

基于输出转矩的同轴式磁齿轮设计

同轴式磁齿轮以极高的转矩密度成为机械齿轮的最佳替代。针对同轴式磁齿轮产业化过程中缺乏设计理论的现状,本文提出了基于输出转矩的磁齿轮设计公式。首先,依据输出转矩随各主要设计参数的环比增长率变化规律确定了不同尺寸系列磁齿轮的最佳尺寸值;其次,明确了最大磁能积、调磁环内径平方等与输出转矩间的线性变化关系;最后,通过分析输出转矩随调磁环内径平方变化的斜率、截距受永磁体极对数的影响规律,得到了基于永磁体最大磁能积、气隙系数、气隙长度、漏磁系数、调磁环内径和外磁环永磁体极对数的磁齿轮设计公式。三维有限元仿真算例表明该公式误差不大于5%,三种不同尺寸系列的样机转矩试验也表明该公式计算误差具有较高的精度。基于输出转矩的设计理论可极大地缩短磁齿轮设计周期。

孔隙率对矩形沟槽上垂直多孔屏障的波浪散射效应影响

The effect of porosity on surface wave scattering by a vertical porous barrier over a rectangular trench is studied here under the assumption of linearized theory of water waves.The fluid region is divided into four subregions depending on the position of the barrier and the trench.Using the Havelock’s expansion of water wave potential in different regions along with suitable matching conditions at the interface of different regions,the problem is formulated in terms of three integral equations.Considering the edge conditions at the submerged end of the barrier and at the edges of the trench,these integral equations are solved using multi-term Galerkin approximation technique taking orthogonal Chebyshev’s polynomials and ultra-spherical Gegenbauer polynomial as its basis function and also simple polynomial as basis function.Using the solutions of the integral equations,the reflection coefficient,transmission coefficient,energy dissipation coefficient and horizontal wave force are determined and depicted graphically.It was observed that the rate of convergence of the Galerkin method in computing the reflection coefficient,considering special functions as basis function is more than the simple polynomial as basis function.The change of porous parameter of the barrier and variation of trench width and height significantly contribute to the change in the scattering coefficients and the hydrodynamic force.The present results are likely to play a crucial role in the analysis of surface wave propagation in oceans involving porous barrier over submarine trench.

圆钢管再生镍铁渣混凝土柱偏压力学性能研究

为了研究再生粗骨料取代率和偏心距对圆钢管再生镍铁渣混凝土柱力学性能的影响,设计了13个试件进行轴心和偏心受压试验,分析试件的荷载-跨中挠度曲线、侧向挠度曲线、刚度退化和耗能。在普通钢管混凝土的研究结果基础上,回归拟合适用于钢管再生混凝土的压弯承载力预测公式。结果表明:偏压试件的挠度沿柱高呈对称分布,形状符合正弦半波曲线;加载过程中截面中性轴的位置向受压区偏移,表明受压区面积逐渐缩小,受压区高度减小;当取代率超过30%后,随着再生粗骨料取代率的增加,试件的极限承载力降低,刚度逐渐退化,试件破坏时的耗能系数表现为降低的趋势;随着偏心距的增大,试件的极限承载力降低,侧向挠度曲线的包络面积逐渐增大,刚度逐渐退化;根据拟合的压弯承载力计算公式得到的计算值与试验结果吻合较好。

无线传感网LEACH协议的改进方法

为解决传统LEACH(Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy)协议网络节点能量消耗高、存活数量少和生存寿命短等问题,提出了一种LEACH-AD改进方案。该算法引入最优簇头比率P值、加入距离因子、剩余能量因子和密度因子等因素更新的阈值公式进行分簇以及簇间的传输。实验结果表明,改进后的LEACH-AD协议在首个死亡节点、10%死亡节点以及全部死亡节点分别比原LEACH协议延长138轮、195轮、628轮。在能量消耗方面比原LEACH协议多持续了631轮,改进后的路由协议减少了网络节点的能量消耗量,从而有效延长了无线网络与传感节点的工作时间,这对无线监测系统的研究与开发意义重大。

基于开孔钢板拉压屈服的耗能阻尼器力学性能计算方法与验证

为进一步明确基于开孔钢板拉压屈服的新型耗能阻尼器力学性能,使其能更好地应用于工程,开展了力学性能计算方法的推导与验证研究。根据耗能核心钢板的构造形式以及轴向变形叠加原理,推导出了阻尼器初始刚度、屈服荷载和屈服位移的计算公式。考虑耗能核心钢板的主要构造参数(包括核心钢板厚度、开孔段长度、过渡段长度等)的变化,收集了2个试验试件,并设计了9个用于有限元分析的阻尼器模型。通过有限元建模,得到上述9个耗能阻尼器的力学性能分析结果。利用这些试验结果和有限元模型结果,对本文所提出的计算方法进行验证。结果表明:(1)耗能核心钢板考虑其一定比例的有效高度为初始几何缺陷时,可较为准确模拟阻尼器受力性能,得到的有限元与试验结果误差较小;(2)提出的耗能阻尼器力学性能计算公式较为准确,其中阻尼器初始刚度、屈服荷载、屈服位移理论值与有限元模拟值和试验值的误差较小。

资癸益冲方通过调控SIRT1/PGC-1α信号通路对卵巢颗粒细胞线粒体能量代谢的改善作用

目的探讨资癸益冲方对早发性卵巢功能不全(POI)体外模型线粒体能量代谢的影响。方法应用丙烯醛(ACR)干预人卵巢颗粒细胞KGN构建POI体外模型,给予资癸益冲方含药血清干预,设置对照组、ACR组、资癸益冲方组、EX527(SIRT1抑制剂)组、EX527+资癸益冲方组。流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,DCFH-DA法检测细胞ROS水平,Mito-Trakine荧光标记法检测细胞线粒体数量,Seahorse法检测细胞线粒体氧化磷酸化水平,比色法检测细胞ATP水平,RT-qPCR法检测细胞mtDNA拷贝数和SIRT1、PGC-1α、Nrf1、TFAM mRNA表达,Western blot法检测细胞SIRT1、PGC-1α、Ac-PGC-1α、Nrf1、TFAM蛋白表达。结果与对照组比较,ACR组KGN细胞凋亡率和ROS水平升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),线粒体数量和mtDNA拷贝数减少(P<0.01),线粒体有氧呼吸基础值、呼吸最大值、储备值和ATP水平降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),SIRT1、PGC-1α、Nrf1、TFAM mRNA及蛋白表达降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),Ac-PGC-1α蛋白表达升高(P<0.01);与ACR组比较,资癸益冲方组以上指标均改善(P<0.05,P<0.01)。资癸益冲方与EX527联用后,逆转了前者对KGN细胞的上述作用(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论资癸益冲方可能通过激活SIRT1/PGC-1α信号通路增加线粒体生物合成,改善ACR诱导的KGN细胞线粒体能量代谢障碍。

交能融合项目路域光伏支架基础用钢管螺旋桩抗拔极限承载力的计算研究

由于钢管螺旋桩具有极佳的经济性和适用性,其在许多光伏发电项目中都是光伏支架基础的首选形式,但国内两项钢管螺旋桩设计标准中关于其抗拔极限承载力的计算公式存在较大差异,在实际工程中如何选择更合理的标准困扰着工程设计人员。以某交能融合项目路域的光伏场区为例,通过现场试验得到了单根钢管螺旋桩的抗拔极限承载力数据,并将现场试验结果与不同标准下得到的计算结果进行了对比,根据对比结果给出了计算公式应用建议。研究结果表明:1)从现场试验结果来看,钢管螺旋桩桩径的增加对单桩抗拔承载力有一定的提高作用,但提高作用有限,性价比较低。若要提高单桩抗拔极限承载力,建议还是从增加叶片的道数或叶片直径的方向采取措施。2)在进行光伏发电项目设计时,若要估算单桩的抗拔极限承载力,建议采用DB41/T 2125—2021中的倒圆台承载模式的计算公式,得到的计算结果最保守也最接近现场实际情况。