Eight summer maize varieties were evaluated in Funan County,Anhui Province,for yield and grain quality under mechanical grain harvest conditions in2019 growth season.ZY432,LY35 and JNK728 had higher grain yield potent...Eight summer maize varieties were evaluated in Funan County,Anhui Province,for yield and grain quality under mechanical grain harvest conditions in2019 growth season.ZY432,LY35 and JNK728 had higher grain yield potentials than FDC10,LX98,LD575,YD9953 and TT619.Postponed harvest from 28th Sept.to 11 thOct.was positively linked to the grain yield at roughly 1% of daily yield increase.Early harvest gave higher grain water content which was positively related to the percentage of broken grain as y=0.422 x-2.984(R^2=0.445),and to the percentage of foreign substance as y=0.248 x-3.245(R2=0.698).The relationship between grain water content and the rate of grain loss was negative as y=-0.052x+2.450(R^2=0.089).There was about 0.89% of grain water content decrease daily between harvests from 28^th Sept.to 4^th Oct.,and then was a‘slow-down’rate of dehydration.Grain weight was increasing for each variety when the harvest was postponed.JNK728 had the highest hundred-grain weight(HGW) and YD9953 had the lowest HGW.To make the mechanical grain harvest of summer maize feasible and acceptable,farmers need to pay attention to the adoption of proper varieties,following the suitable cultivation procedure and the improvement of mechanical facilities and operation.展开更多
使用1960年1月~2018年12月图们江地区粮食减产的水分指标(5~8月降水量,P_(5-8)),分析了近59年其季节分布和变化,并结合全球海温资料,采用奇异值分解、偏最小二乘回归分析、相关分析等方法研究了图们江地区P_(5-8)对1~3月前期海温的响应...使用1960年1月~2018年12月图们江地区粮食减产的水分指标(5~8月降水量,P_(5-8)),分析了近59年其季节分布和变化,并结合全球海温资料,采用奇异值分解、偏最小二乘回归分析、相关分析等方法研究了图们江地区P_(5-8)对1~3月前期海温的响应。结果表明:1)图们江地区P_(5)每10年上升5.6 mm,旱季有从5月往6月推迟的迹象。P_(8)每10年下降8.5 mm,最多雨月从8月往7月提前。2)最多雨月、8月、5月和前期1月海温相关。日本海至鄂霍次克海海区偏冷、亚洲以北的北极偏冷;马斯克林高压海区偏冷;赤道中东太平洋偏暖、南太平洋副高海区偏冷;南半球西风漂流区偏冷时,汛期一致推迟,P_(8)增加,P_(5)则减少,且P_(5)对海温响应与前者稍有差异。3)2月鄂霍次克海至白令海偏冷、欧洲以北的北极偏冷、50 o N北太平洋由西向东出现明显的分割南北两侧冷区的偏暖带;赤道中东太平洋偏暖、西太平洋暖池区偏冷、澳大利亚东北侧向阿拉斯加暖流方向的热带太平洋海区偏冷,;印度洋偏冷、尤其南印度洋东部海区明显偏冷时,P_(6)一致增加。4)3月40°N以南的西太平洋海区明显偏暖、赤道和热带南太平洋中部偏暖;亚欧大陆以北的北极偏暖、印度洋偏暖时,P_(7)一致增加。综上所述,用1~3月全球海温可以提前预测图们江地区P_(5-8),提前预警当地旱涝灾害,为预防粮食减产早做准备。展开更多
Since the 1960s, dramatic changes have taken place in land-use patterns characterized by the persistent expansion of cultivated land and a continuous decrease in natural woodland and grassland in the arid inland river...Since the 1960s, dramatic changes have taken place in land-use patterns characterized by the persistent expansion of cultivated land and a continuous decrease in natural woodland and grassland in the arid inland river basins of China. It is very important to assess the effects of such land-use changes on the hydrological processes so vital for water resource management and sustainable development on the catchment scale. The Maying River catchment, a typical arid inland watershed located in the middle of the Hexi Corridor in northwest China, was the site chosen to investigate the hydrological responses to land-use changes. The annual runoff, base flow, maximum peak flow, and typical seasonal runoff in both spring and autumn flood periods were selected as the variables in the hydrological processes. Statistical-trend analysis and curvilinear regression were utilized to detect the trends in hydrological variables while eliminating the climatic influence. The relationship between cultivated land-use and hydrological variables was analyzed based on four periods of land-use variation data collected since 1965. A runoff model was established composed of two factors, i.e., cultivated land use and precipitation. The impact of land use changes, especially in the large ar- eas of upstream woodland and grassland turned into cultivated lands since 1967, has resulted in a mean annual runoff decrease of 28.12%, a base flow decline of 35.32%, a drop in the maximum peak discharge of 35.77%, and mean discharge decreases in spring and autumn of 36.05% and 24.87% respectively, of which the contribution of cultivated land expansion to the influence of annual runoff amounts to 77%-80%, with the contribution to the influence of spring discharge being 73%-81%, and that to the influence of base flow reaching 62%-65%. Thus, a rational regulation policy of land use patterns is vitally important to the sustainable use of water resources and the proper development of the entire catchment.展开更多
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research of the Public Interest(201503112-12)。
文摘Eight summer maize varieties were evaluated in Funan County,Anhui Province,for yield and grain quality under mechanical grain harvest conditions in2019 growth season.ZY432,LY35 and JNK728 had higher grain yield potentials than FDC10,LX98,LD575,YD9953 and TT619.Postponed harvest from 28th Sept.to 11 thOct.was positively linked to the grain yield at roughly 1% of daily yield increase.Early harvest gave higher grain water content which was positively related to the percentage of broken grain as y=0.422 x-2.984(R^2=0.445),and to the percentage of foreign substance as y=0.248 x-3.245(R2=0.698).The relationship between grain water content and the rate of grain loss was negative as y=-0.052x+2.450(R^2=0.089).There was about 0.89% of grain water content decrease daily between harvests from 28^th Sept.to 4^th Oct.,and then was a‘slow-down’rate of dehydration.Grain weight was increasing for each variety when the harvest was postponed.JNK728 had the highest hundred-grain weight(HGW) and YD9953 had the lowest HGW.To make the mechanical grain harvest of summer maize feasible and acceptable,farmers need to pay attention to the adoption of proper varieties,following the suitable cultivation procedure and the improvement of mechanical facilities and operation.
文摘使用1960年1月~2018年12月图们江地区粮食减产的水分指标(5~8月降水量,P_(5-8)),分析了近59年其季节分布和变化,并结合全球海温资料,采用奇异值分解、偏最小二乘回归分析、相关分析等方法研究了图们江地区P_(5-8)对1~3月前期海温的响应。结果表明:1)图们江地区P_(5)每10年上升5.6 mm,旱季有从5月往6月推迟的迹象。P_(8)每10年下降8.5 mm,最多雨月从8月往7月提前。2)最多雨月、8月、5月和前期1月海温相关。日本海至鄂霍次克海海区偏冷、亚洲以北的北极偏冷;马斯克林高压海区偏冷;赤道中东太平洋偏暖、南太平洋副高海区偏冷;南半球西风漂流区偏冷时,汛期一致推迟,P_(8)增加,P_(5)则减少,且P_(5)对海温响应与前者稍有差异。3)2月鄂霍次克海至白令海偏冷、欧洲以北的北极偏冷、50 o N北太平洋由西向东出现明显的分割南北两侧冷区的偏暖带;赤道中东太平洋偏暖、西太平洋暖池区偏冷、澳大利亚东北侧向阿拉斯加暖流方向的热带太平洋海区偏冷,;印度洋偏冷、尤其南印度洋东部海区明显偏冷时,P_(6)一致增加。4)3月40°N以南的西太平洋海区明显偏暖、赤道和热带南太平洋中部偏暖;亚欧大陆以北的北极偏暖、印度洋偏暖时,P_(7)一致增加。综上所述,用1~3月全球海温可以提前预测图们江地区P_(5-8),提前预警当地旱涝灾害,为预防粮食减产早做准备。
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40171002)the'Hundred People'Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under the leadership of Prof.Wang Genxuthe State Key Project(973)(Grant No.2003CB415201).
文摘Since the 1960s, dramatic changes have taken place in land-use patterns characterized by the persistent expansion of cultivated land and a continuous decrease in natural woodland and grassland in the arid inland river basins of China. It is very important to assess the effects of such land-use changes on the hydrological processes so vital for water resource management and sustainable development on the catchment scale. The Maying River catchment, a typical arid inland watershed located in the middle of the Hexi Corridor in northwest China, was the site chosen to investigate the hydrological responses to land-use changes. The annual runoff, base flow, maximum peak flow, and typical seasonal runoff in both spring and autumn flood periods were selected as the variables in the hydrological processes. Statistical-trend analysis and curvilinear regression were utilized to detect the trends in hydrological variables while eliminating the climatic influence. The relationship between cultivated land-use and hydrological variables was analyzed based on four periods of land-use variation data collected since 1965. A runoff model was established composed of two factors, i.e., cultivated land use and precipitation. The impact of land use changes, especially in the large ar- eas of upstream woodland and grassland turned into cultivated lands since 1967, has resulted in a mean annual runoff decrease of 28.12%, a base flow decline of 35.32%, a drop in the maximum peak discharge of 35.77%, and mean discharge decreases in spring and autumn of 36.05% and 24.87% respectively, of which the contribution of cultivated land expansion to the influence of annual runoff amounts to 77%-80%, with the contribution to the influence of spring discharge being 73%-81%, and that to the influence of base flow reaching 62%-65%. Thus, a rational regulation policy of land use patterns is vitally important to the sustainable use of water resources and the proper development of the entire catchment.
