Grain water relations play an important role in grain filling in maize. The study aimed to gain a clear understanding of the changes in grain dry weight and water relations in maize grains by using hybrids with contra...Grain water relations play an important role in grain filling in maize. The study aimed to gain a clear understanding of the changes in grain dry weight and water relations in maize grains by using hybrids with contrasting nitrogen efficiencies under differing nitrogen levels. The objectives were: 1) to understand the changes in dry matter and percent moisture content(MC) during grain development in response to different nitrogen application rates and 2) to determine whether nitrogen application affects grain filling by regulating grain water relations. Two maize hybrids, high N-efficient Zhenghong 311(ZH311) and low N-efficient Xianyu 508(XY508), were grown in the field under four levels of N fertilizer: 0, 150, 300, and 450 kg N ha;during three growing seasons. Dry weight, percent MC and water content(WC) of basal-middle and apical grains were investigated. The difference in the maximum WC and filling duration of basal-middle and apical grains in maize ears resulted in a significant difference in final grain weight. Grain position markedly influenced grain drying down;specifically, the drying down rate of apical grains was faster than that of basal-middle grains. Genotype and grain position both influenced the impact of nitrogen application rate on grain filling and drying down. Nitrogen rate determined the maximum grain WC and percent MC loss rate in the middle and the late grain-filling stages, thus affecting final grain weight. The use of high N-efficient hybrids, combined with the reduction of nitrogen application rate, can coordinate basal-middle and apical grain drying down to ensure yield. This management strategy could lead to a win-win situation in which the maximum maize yield, efficient mechanical harvest and environmental safety are all achieved.展开更多
研究密度对不同熟期玉米品种不同粒位的籽粒灌浆和脱水特性的调控效应,为陕北灌区春玉米密植高产机械粒收技术提供依据。于2018—2019年以中熟品种先玉335(Xianyu 335)和晚熟品种东单60(Dongdan 60)为材料,设置45,000(D1)、60,000(D2)、...研究密度对不同熟期玉米品种不同粒位的籽粒灌浆和脱水特性的调控效应,为陕北灌区春玉米密植高产机械粒收技术提供依据。于2018—2019年以中熟品种先玉335(Xianyu 335)和晚熟品种东单60(Dongdan 60)为材料,设置45,000(D1)、60,000(D2)、75,000(D3)、90,000(D4)株hm^–2四个种植密度,分析其不同粒位籽粒灌浆、脱水特性及其与气候因子的相关性。结果表明,密度的增加能显著提高不同熟期品种玉米籽粒产量,其中2018年2个品种均在D4处理下达到最高产量;2019年先玉335和东单60分别在D4和D3处理下达到最高产量,2年平均最高产量分别为18,739 kg hm^–2和17,111 kg hm^–2,较D1处理产量分别提高了32.2%和27.7%。随着种植密度的增加,不同粒位的籽粒灌浆速率降低,粒重减小,脱水速率加快。在D4种植密度下,先玉335下部和上部籽粒平均灌浆速率较东单60分别高0.08 g d^–1和0.04 g d^–1,粒重较东单60分别高3.6 g和1.6 g。生理成熟时不同粒位的籽粒含水率与吐丝到生理成熟间有效积温呈显著正相关,总脱水速率与灌浆速率相关性不显著。先玉335不同粒位的籽粒脱水速率快,且下部和上部籽粒平均脱水速率较东单60高0.006和0.005%℃d^–1。与下部籽粒比,上部籽粒灌浆速率低、灌浆期长、粒重小、后期脱水快、含水率达到28%和25%所需积温少。可见,2个品种籽粒灌浆和脱水特性对增密的响应其上部籽粒更敏感;与东单60相比,先玉335密植下籽粒灌浆速率高,粒重大,且后期脱水速率快。因此,选择中熟品种结合适宜增密能够实现陕北灌区玉米密植高产机械粒收生产。展开更多
基金funding support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0301206,2016YFD0300209,2016YFD0300307,and 2017YFD0301704)。
文摘Grain water relations play an important role in grain filling in maize. The study aimed to gain a clear understanding of the changes in grain dry weight and water relations in maize grains by using hybrids with contrasting nitrogen efficiencies under differing nitrogen levels. The objectives were: 1) to understand the changes in dry matter and percent moisture content(MC) during grain development in response to different nitrogen application rates and 2) to determine whether nitrogen application affects grain filling by regulating grain water relations. Two maize hybrids, high N-efficient Zhenghong 311(ZH311) and low N-efficient Xianyu 508(XY508), were grown in the field under four levels of N fertilizer: 0, 150, 300, and 450 kg N ha;during three growing seasons. Dry weight, percent MC and water content(WC) of basal-middle and apical grains were investigated. The difference in the maximum WC and filling duration of basal-middle and apical grains in maize ears resulted in a significant difference in final grain weight. Grain position markedly influenced grain drying down;specifically, the drying down rate of apical grains was faster than that of basal-middle grains. Genotype and grain position both influenced the impact of nitrogen application rate on grain filling and drying down. Nitrogen rate determined the maximum grain WC and percent MC loss rate in the middle and the late grain-filling stages, thus affecting final grain weight. The use of high N-efficient hybrids, combined with the reduction of nitrogen application rate, can coordinate basal-middle and apical grain drying down to ensure yield. This management strategy could lead to a win-win situation in which the maximum maize yield, efficient mechanical harvest and environmental safety are all achieved.
文摘研究密度对不同熟期玉米品种不同粒位的籽粒灌浆和脱水特性的调控效应,为陕北灌区春玉米密植高产机械粒收技术提供依据。于2018—2019年以中熟品种先玉335(Xianyu 335)和晚熟品种东单60(Dongdan 60)为材料,设置45,000(D1)、60,000(D2)、75,000(D3)、90,000(D4)株hm^–2四个种植密度,分析其不同粒位籽粒灌浆、脱水特性及其与气候因子的相关性。结果表明,密度的增加能显著提高不同熟期品种玉米籽粒产量,其中2018年2个品种均在D4处理下达到最高产量;2019年先玉335和东单60分别在D4和D3处理下达到最高产量,2年平均最高产量分别为18,739 kg hm^–2和17,111 kg hm^–2,较D1处理产量分别提高了32.2%和27.7%。随着种植密度的增加,不同粒位的籽粒灌浆速率降低,粒重减小,脱水速率加快。在D4种植密度下,先玉335下部和上部籽粒平均灌浆速率较东单60分别高0.08 g d^–1和0.04 g d^–1,粒重较东单60分别高3.6 g和1.6 g。生理成熟时不同粒位的籽粒含水率与吐丝到生理成熟间有效积温呈显著正相关,总脱水速率与灌浆速率相关性不显著。先玉335不同粒位的籽粒脱水速率快,且下部和上部籽粒平均脱水速率较东单60高0.006和0.005%℃d^–1。与下部籽粒比,上部籽粒灌浆速率低、灌浆期长、粒重小、后期脱水快、含水率达到28%和25%所需积温少。可见,2个品种籽粒灌浆和脱水特性对增密的响应其上部籽粒更敏感;与东单60相比,先玉335密植下籽粒灌浆速率高,粒重大,且后期脱水速率快。因此,选择中熟品种结合适宜增密能够实现陕北灌区玉米密植高产机械粒收生产。
