Granulomatous mastitis in a 50-year-old male:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Granulomatous mastitis(GM)an inflammatory disease of the breast that usually affects women of childbearing age,occurs very rarely in males.CASE SUMMARY We present a case study of a 50-year-old male patient with GM.The patient developed a breast lump following the cleaning of a previously embedded dirtfilled nipple.While an initial improvement was noted with antibiotic therapy,a recurrence occurred a year later,showing resistance to the previously effective antibiotics.Subsequently,the lesion was excised.The histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of GM.CONCLUSION GM should be considered a possible diagnosis of male breast masses.

Primary biliary cholangitis presenting with granulomatous lung disease misdiagnosed as lung cancer:A case report

BACKGROUND There are few cases of pulmonary granulomatous changes secondary to primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC).No case of granulomatous lung disease secondary to PBC misdiagnosed as lung cancer had been reported.CASE SUMMARY A middle-aged woman presented with lung nodules and was misdiagnosed with lung cancer by positron emission tomography/computed tomography.She underwent left lobectomy,and the pathology of the nodules showed granulomatous inflammation,which was then treated with antibiotics.However,a new nodule appeared.Further investigation with lung biopsy and liver serology led to the diagnosis of PBC,and chest computed tomography indicated significant reduction in the pulmonary nodule by treatment with methylprednisolone and ursodeoxycholic acid.CONCLUSION Diagnosis of pulmonary nodules requires integrating various clinical data to avoid unnecessary pulmonary lobectomy.

Prostatic Abscess Due to Idiopathic Granulomatous Disease: A Rare Complication of a Chameleon Disorder —Prostatic Abscess Due to Idiopathic Granulomatous Disease

Background: Prostatic abscesses are usually diagnosed in the setting of bacterial prostatitis. Rarely, they reveal or complicate granulomatous prostatitis (GP). Four cases of idiopathic xanthogranulomatous GP have been described previously and the present case report is the first of typical idiopathic variety. The case: A 60-year-old man presented with urine retention that was associated with pyuria and massively enlarged prostate. Cystoscopy revealed prostatic abscess (PA) that was opened. Urine and prostatic culture were negative for bacteria. Prostatic biopsy revealed multiple non-caseating granulomata surrounded by lymphocytes, plasma cells yet without foamy histiocytes, parasites and vasculitis. Special stains were negative for vasculitis, fungiand acid-fast organisms. The patient was treated with Solumedrol 1 g intravenously daily for 3 days followed by Prednisone 1 mg/kg/day for 1 month followed by gradual tapering till discontinuation by 3rd month. Moreover, he had received Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) 1 g twice/daily. By the end of 2nd month;he was asymptomatic and without pyuria. Repeat cystourethroscopy and MRI scan of the prostate showed near normal prostate. In Conclusion: Idiopathic GP can present with PA that requires proper drainage and since it is a locally hyperimmune disease with genetic predisposition;MMF therapy will be maintained for a total of 2 years to prevent future disease-relapse.

Surgical outcomes of complicated cataract with pediatric trematode granulomatous uveitis

AIM:To describe the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of complicated cataract with pediatric trematodal granulomatous uveitis(TGU).METHODS:Patients of cataract with TGU in the membranous(inactive) stage underwent cataract surgery with intraocular lens(IOL) implantation.Preoperative history and ophthalmic examination were conducted for all cases,whereas Schimphlug imaging and corneal topography were done for some patients.Postoperative follow up was done on the 1st,2nd,and 5th postoperative days after surgery.Then,it was done at least at one,three,and six months postoperatively.Intraoperative and postoperative complications and the methods of their management were reported.RESULTS:Twelve eyes of 12 male children were included in this study ranging from 8 to 16y.The mean best corrected Snellen visual acuity(BCVA) was significantly improved from 0.09±0.06 preoperatively to 0.37±0.11 at the final visit 6mo postoperatively(P<0.001).Schimphlug imaging and corneal topography showed flattening of the anterior surface of the inferior cornea.Intraoperative difficulties and complications included the poor dilatability of the drown down pupil,strong posterior synechia between the anterior lens capsule and the iris at the site of the inferior retrocorneal vascularized membrane and hyphema.All cases underwent primary hydrophobic IOL implantation.CONCLUSION:Surgery for this type of cataract is relatively safe and effective.It is associated with some specific difficulties and complications that should be considered during surgery and follow up.

Granulomatous prostatitis after bacille Calmette-Guérin instillation resembles prostate carcinoma:A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND Bacille Calmette-Guérin(BCG)instillation is recommended in patients with nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer who have intermediate-risk and high-risk tumors.However,granulomatous prostatitis is a rare complication induced by BCG instillation,which can easily be misdiagnosed as prostate cancer.Here,we report a case of granulomatous prostatitis that resembled prostate cancer.CASE SUMMARY A 64-year-old Chinese man with bladder cancer received BCG instillation.Three days later,he stopped BCG instillation and received anti-infective therapy due to the urinary tract infection.Three months after BCG restart,he had rising total prostate-specific antigen(PSA)(9.14 ng/mL)and decreasing free PSA/total PSA(0.09).T2-weighted images of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)showed a 28 mm×20 mm diffuse low signal abnormality in the right peripheral zone,which was markedly hyperintense on high b-value diffusion-weighted MRI and hypointense on apparent diffusion coefficient map images.Considering Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score of 5 and possibility of prostate cancer,a prostate biopsy was conducted.Histopathology showed typical features of granulomatous prostatitis.The nucleic acid test for tuberculosis was positive.He was finally diagnosed with BCG-induced granulomatous prostatitis.Thereafter,he stopped BCG instillation and received anti-tuberculosis treatment.During 10 mo follow-up,he had no evidence of tumor recurrence or symptoms of tuberculosis.CONCLUSION Temporarily elevated PSA and high followed by low signal abnormality on diffusion-weighted MRI are important indicators of BCG-induced granulomatous prostatitis.

Clinical efficacy of external treatment with Zi Cao Yang He Tang combined with hormone therapy for granulomatous mastitis and its effect on cellular pyroptosis proteins

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of external application of Zi Cao Yang He Tang combined with dexamethasone ointment in the treatment of granulomatous lobular mastitis in the mass stage and the effect on cellular pyroptosis-related proteins.Methods:Forty patients with granulomatous lobular mastitis were randomly divided into 20 cases in the observation group and 20 cases in the control group.Both groups were given dexamethasone ointment for treatment,and the observation group was treated with external application of Zi Cao Yang He Tang on the basis of the control group.Breast lump vol-ume changes,breast pain and pus symptoms,pathology and histology and immunohistochemistry,cellular death-related indicators expression were compared between the two groups.Results:After treatment,the difference in mass volume of the observation group was significantly greater than that of the control group(16.7±21.5 in the control group and 32.9±27.4 in the experimental group)and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05);the objective remission rate of the patients in the observation group(ORR=85%)was significantly higher than that of the treatment group(ORR=50%,P<0.05).In terms of pus formation rate and pain level,the breast pain score of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group after two weeks or three weeks of treatment(P<0.05);the pus formation rate of the observation group was 30%,and the pus formation rate of the control group was 20%,and the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The immunohistochemical expression levels of caspase-1 and GSDMD in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05);and in terms of the expression of cellular pyroptosis-related indexes,the expression of GSDMD,cas-pase-1,and NLRP3 in the observation group was significantly lower compared with that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The efficacy of external application of Zi Cao Yang He Tang combined with dexamethasone ointment in treating granulomatous lobular mastitis in the mass stage is remarkable,which can effectively reduce breast pain,reduce the size of the mass,de-crease the expression of cellular pyroptosisrelated indexes,and have a good anti-inflammatory effect.

Exploring the pathogenesis of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis based on the prolactin theory

Prolactin(PRL),as a cytokine,plays a variety of multidirectional roles in immunity and inflammation.An autoimmune condition known as idiopathic granulomatous mastitis(IGM)involves many inflammatory cells and cytokines.PRL links neuroendocrine and immune systems and plays an active role in the inflammatory and immune processes.Based on the theory of PRL and combined with the latest research review at home and abroad,this paper aims to review the mechanism of action of PRL on IGM from the aspects of various inflammatory cells,cytokines and pathways,revealing the influence of PRL theory on IGM and the mechanism of action,so as to effectively control inflammation in the long-term.

乳腺MRI导管异常信号作为伴随征象的鉴别诊断意义

目的探讨乳腺MRI导管异常信号作为伴随征象的鉴别诊断意义。方法选取经病理证实的乳腺纤维腺瘤及(或)腺病、肉芽肿性小叶性乳腺炎(granulomatous lobular mastitis,GLM)、乳腺癌(breast cancer,BC)共172例患者,将172例患者按三类疾病分为三组;乳腺纤维腺瘤及(或)腺病组、GLM组、BC组,对预扫描导管高信号及导管样强化在三组数据的阳性率进行卡方检验,判断差异是否有统计学意义。多元logistic回归分析导管样异常信号对鉴别三类病变的价值。结果预扫描导管高信号三组阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),导管样强化三组阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元logistic回归分析:以纤维腺瘤及(或)腺病组为对照,导管样强化增加GLM诊断的可能性差异有统计学意义(OR=10.011,95%CI 3.492-28.703,P<0.001)。以BC组为对照,导管样强化增加GLM诊断的可能性差异有统计学意义(OR=4.435,95%CI 1.772-11.096,P=0.001)。结论导管样强化对GLM诊断具有一定价值。

肉芽肿性乳腺炎病灶组织差异表达蛋白质筛选及关键分子验证

目的分析肉芽肿性小叶性乳腺炎(GLM)病灶组织中的差异表达蛋白质,筛选GLM的生物标志物,再根据结果对关键分子进行验证。方法采用TMT标记定量蛋白质组学方法,对GLM患者(3例)病灶与正常乳腺组织中蛋白质组进行鉴定和定量,筛选出发生显著变化的差异表达蛋白质,导入Proteome Discoverer软件中,搜索Uniprot数据库,完成生物信息学分析。采用细胞因子抗体芯片技术对筛选出的关键分子进行定量和验证。结果GLM病灶组织与正常乳腺组织筛选出差异表达蛋白质1405个,其中1106个表达上调,299个表达下调。GO富集分析显示,这些差异表达蛋白质主要参与细胞过程、代谢过程、蛋白质代谢、生物学调节等。KEGG通路分析发现,差异表达蛋白质参与补体活化、免疫调节、炎症反应等。细胞因子定量分析验证了GLM病灶组织中IL-1β、MCP2、IL-6表达升高。结论GLM病灶和正常乳腺组织中存在差异表达的蛋白质参与炎症、免疫等多种信号通路,可能是GLM发生发展的关键分子。特定蛋白质是值得进一步研究的生物标志物。

超声造影鉴别诊断肉芽肿性小叶性乳腺炎和乳腺癌的临床价值

目的 探讨超声造影对肉芽肿性小叶性乳腺炎(GLM)和乳腺癌鉴别诊断的临床价值。方法 选取本院诊断治疗的GLM和乳腺癌患者80例,分为GLM组(42例)和乳腺癌组(38例)。超声造影后观察造影剂状况,评估病灶直径、形态及边缘、微小钙化、回声、内部血流、血管阻力指数(RI)、腋窝淋巴结异常等。结果 GLM病变累及范围及程度不同,超声造影图像特征多样,24例实性肿块,内部呈低回声,呈假肾征。10例弥散型形态不规则、边界不清、后方回声增强。8例管状型,病灶组织及周边出现不规则低回声结构,部分患者合并腋窝淋巴结肿大。GLM组病灶造影剂早期进入时间、高增强、造影剂分布不均匀百分比为28.57%、11.90%和23.81%,低于乳腺癌组52.63%、68.42%和76.32%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。GLM组病灶最大直径为(6.13±0.81)mm,高于乳腺癌组(3.58±0.74)mm,GLM组病灶边缘毛刺或成角百分比26.19%,低于乳腺癌组81.58%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。GLM组微小钙化、内部血流(Ⅱ+Ⅲ级)、RI≥7等百分比分别为9.52%、52.38%、21.43%、23.81%、16.67%,低于乳腺癌组76.32%、63.16%、81.58%、68.42%、88.95%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 超声造影可通过评估病灶边缘形态、钙化、回声及血供等特点,在GLM与乳腺癌的鉴别诊断显示出一定优势。

仙方活命饮治疗囊性中性粒细胞性肉芽肿性乳腺炎热毒证的临床疗效及机制探讨

目的观察仙方活命饮对囊性中性粒细胞性肉芽肿性乳腺炎(CNGM)热毒证患者的临床疗效及潜在作用机制。方法将72例CNGM热毒证患者随机分为对照组与试验组,每组各36例;试验组予仙方活命饮口服治疗,对照组予左氧氟沙星口服治疗,两组疗程均为14 d。观察比较疾病活动指数、疾病活动度、肿块大小、疼痛数字分级评分法(NRS)评分、炎症指标的变化。免疫荧光法检测乳腺组织内中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网(NETs)标志物瓜氨酸化组蛋白H3(CitH3)、髄过氧化物酶(MPO)含量的变化。结果①试验过程中,对照组脱落2例,试验组剔除1例、脱落2例,最终完成试验者67例,其中对照组34例、试验组33例。完成14d药物治疗后进一步接受手术治疗者共40例,其中对照组22例、试验组18例,每组随机选取5例纳入NETs形成相关指标机制分析。②局部症状活动指数,治疗前后组内比较,对照组疼痛活动指数降低(P<0.05),脓肿活动指数升高(P<0.05);试验组肿块、疼痛、红热活动指数均降低(P<0.05)。组间治疗后比较,试验组肿块、疼痛、红热活动指数低于对照组(P<0.05)。③全身症状活动指数,治疗前后组内比较,对照组发热活动指数降低(P<0.05),试验组发热、其他相关炎症症状活动指数降低(P<0.05)。组间治疗后比较,两组各项全身症状活动指数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。④疾病活动指数,治疗前后组内比较,对照组全身症状活动指数、疾病活动指数下降(P<0.05),试验组局部、全身症状活动指数及疾病活动指数均下降(P<0.05)。组间治疗后比较,试验组局部症状活动指数、疾病活动指数低于对照组(P<0.05)。⑤治疗后,两组高活动度例数减少、低活动度及中活动度例数增多,其中试验组高活动度比例从78.8%下降到36.4%;两组疾病活动度分布情况比较,试验组优于对照组(P<0.05)。⑥治疗后,试验组肿块变小(P<0.05),对照组肿块大小无明显变化(P>0.05);两组疼痛NRS评分均降低(P<0.05),且试验组低于对照组(P<0.05)。⑦治疗前后组内比较,试验组红细胞沉降率水平降低(P<0.05),对照组白细胞、中性粒细胞水平降低(P<0.05);组间治疗后比较,两组各项炎症指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。⑧治疗后,两组CitH3的光密度(IOD)、面密度(AD)值均下降(P<0.05),且试验组低于对照组(P<0.05);试验组MPO的IOD、AD值下降(P<0.05),且试验组低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论仙方活命饮能改善CNGM热毒证患者乳房局部炎症症状,降低疾病活动度,在局部症状改善方面疗效优于左氧氟沙星,在全身症状改善方面疗效与左氧氟沙星相当;其可能通过清除乳腺炎症组织中过量产生的NETs发挥疗效。

基于数据挖掘探讨肿块期肉芽肿性小叶性乳腺炎的用药规律

目的:基于数据挖掘的方法探讨文献中中药治疗肿块期肉芽肿性小叶性乳腺炎(Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis,GLM)的用药规律和组方配伍特点。方法:利用计算机检索1980年(维普为收录起始年)至2022年中国知网、万方数据库、维普期刊资源整合服务平台、中国生物医学文献数据库中关于中药治疗肿块期GLM的文献,严格筛选符合纳入标准的文献,利用Excel建立肿块期GLM规范化方药数据库,采用数据挖掘的方法对中药的功效类别、性味归经等进行频数统计分析以及关联规则和系统聚类分析。结果:纳入中药复方47首,涉及中药111味,累计药物使用频次574次,用药频次较高的药物包括柴胡、皂角刺、白芥子、蒲公英、熟地黄等,常用的中药功效类别为理气药、化痰药,四气多为寒、温,五味多为苦、辛,归经前3位分别为肝经、脾经、胃经。经关联规则分析,得出潜在配伍组合共16组,为白芥子、麻黄、熟地黄、炮姜、肉桂、香附的加减组合。聚类分析挖掘出5个核心组方。结论:中药治疗肿块期GLM多采用温阳散结、理气化痰之法。

乳房区域灌注技术在难治性肉芽肿性小叶性乳腺炎中应用价值

目的探讨乳房区域灌注技术在难治性肉芽肿性小叶性乳腺炎(RGLM)中应用价值。方法回顾性分析2020年6月至2021年6月乳房区域灌注技术137例难治性肉芽肿性小叶性乳腺炎的临床资料。结果137例患者单侧手术132例,同时双侧手术5例,单侧手术时间(30±5)min,术中出血量(60±18)mL;术后无乳头缺血坏死;RGLM伴随症状(乳房剧烈疼痛、四肢结节红斑、关节酸痛、发热、干咳和头痛等)均在1周内缓解;术后阳和汤内服(2.9±0.7)个月;平均随访时间23.5个月,复发率0.7%;9例意向母哺乳喂养6个月内均未并发哺乳期乳腺炎;乳房美容效果满意。结论乳房区域灌注技术治疗RGLM效果满意,值得临床推广。

超声对不同类型非哺乳期乳腺炎的鉴别诊断及声像图特征

目的探讨超声鉴别导管周围乳腺炎(PDM)和肉芽肿性小叶乳腺炎(GLM)的价值,总结非哺乳期乳腺炎(NPM)的声像图特征。资料与方法回顾性分析2016年7月—2021年6月在兰州大学第二医院接受治疗的134例NPM(84例PDM,50例GLM)患者的超声表现,比较PDM和GLM声像图表现(病灶数量、病灶侧别、病灶方位、距乳头距离、长径、厚径、纵横比、边界、边缘、外形、内部回声、周边高回声晕、后方回声、钙化、内部血流、同侧腋窝淋巴结增大)的差异,并根据病灶形态及内部回声情况总结NPM的声像图特征。结果PDM与GLM声像图表现相似,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。PDM合并同侧腋窝淋巴结增大的概率略高于GLM(χ^(2)=4.209,P=0.040);134例NPM病变的声像图根据形态及回声改变情况分为7种类型,脓肿型在GLM中更多见(χ^(2)=4.928,P=0.026)。结论PDM与GLM的声像图表现无显著差异。在临床及影像学无法区分PDM与GLM的情况下,治疗前进行穿刺活检明确病理类型再进行治疗可能更有利于患者获得最佳预后。将NPM分为7种类型有助于超声医师掌握NPM的声像图特征,从而进行早期诊断。

从肝胃论治肉芽肿性乳腺炎伴抑郁焦虑状态

肉芽肿性乳腺炎(GLM)是临床常见乳腺疾病之一,GLM患者常合并抑郁焦虑状态,身心同病。从中医角度分析,GLM伴抑郁焦虑状态与肝、胃关系密切,且以肝气郁结、胃热壅盛为基本病机。在治疗上,当以泄肝清胃、抑木扶土为基本治法,辅以心理疏导、饮食疗法。系统论述从肝胃论治GLM伴抑郁焦虑状态,并附医案一则,以供临证参考。

基于动态增强磁共振成像的影像组学模型对肉芽肿性乳腺炎与乳腺癌的鉴别诊断价值

目的探讨基于动态增强磁共振成像的影像组学模型对肉芽肿性乳腺炎与乳腺癌的鉴别诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性收集2019年2月—2022年1月于中国中医科学院西苑医院经病理证实为肉芽肿性乳腺炎和乳腺癌的患者MRI资料共82例,基于动态增强磁共振成像增强扫描第一期图像,分别用半自动分割法和手工逐层勾画分割感兴趣区,随机分配99个感兴趣区到训练组69个,测试组30个,比较两种方法所提取数据组间一致性差异。将半自动分割法所提取原始数据通过相关性分析和多因素逻辑回归法进行特征筛选。采用6种分类器(逻辑回归、支持向量机、朴素贝叶斯、决策树、随机森林、K最邻近)构建预测模型,评估各模型的诊断效能、准确度、敏感度和特异度的差异。结果82例患者共分割出99个病灶(肉芽肿性乳腺炎37个,乳腺癌62个)。采用两种感兴趣区分割法所提取影像组学数据组间一致性欠佳[组内相关系数为0.68(0.51,0.78)]。半自动分割法所提取数据构建的6个预测模型中,逻辑回归模型和支持向量机模型诊断效能显著优于其他模型,逻辑回归模型诊断效能和稳定性最佳(训练组:曲线下面积0.928,准确度0.855,敏感度0.837,特异度0.885;测试组:曲线下面积0.933,准确度0.833,敏感度0.895,特异度0.727)。结论基于动态增强磁共振成像的影像组学可以为肉芽肿性乳腺炎与乳腺癌的鉴别诊断提供较高价值。感兴趣区的分割方法更推荐半自动分割法,逻辑回归和支持向量机构建的预测模型具有更好的诊断效能和稳定性。

温灸配合“清消法”治疗肉芽肿性乳腺炎临床研究

目的观察外用温灸法配合顾氏外科“清消法”治疗肉芽肿性乳腺炎的临床疗效。方法临床收集90例符合肉芽肿性乳腺炎诊断标准的患者,每组各45例,实验组使用温灸配合“清消法”治疗,对照组单纯使用“清消法”治疗,疗程14 d,随访1个月,观察两组患者创面愈合情况及中医局部证候评分和肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)的差异情况。结果在14 d及30 d的观察节点中,实验组和对照组患者的创面面积较入组前均有明显缩小,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),治疗30 d时,实验组创面面积为(18.16±4.66)mm^(2),优于对照组(20.91±4.79)mm^(2),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。治疗14 d、30 d时两组患者同时点比较,实验组患者中医局部证候评分均高于对照组,相较于对照组,实验组患者局部阴阳证候更倾向于保持在阳证的证候,两组数据比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组IL-6表达显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。在治疗14 d及30 d时间节点,两组TNF-α指标差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但已整体呈现出明显的下降趋势。在治疗过程中,两组患者均无明显不良反应发生,对该疗法的耐受度好。结论使用温灸法配合顾氏外科“清消法”能缩短患乳创面愈合时间,且该疗法安全、操作简单,值得在临床上进行推广。

肉芽肿性乳腺炎大鼠模型建立

目的通过甲氧氯普胺片(胃复安)诱导血清泌乳素升高联合大鼠乳汁注射,建立肉芽肿性乳腺炎大鼠模型,并分析和评价各造模因素和指标对模型的价值,探究更符合疾病特点的动物模型。方法将16只Wistar成年雌鼠分为两组,正常对照组6只,模型组10只。对照组不予任何特殊处理;模型组连续2周予胃复安皮下注射,第1、7、14天分别予混悬液(乳汁加佐剂)乳房局部注射。每周测量一次大鼠体质量、乳腺肿块大小;在造模前、第2周及第4周,用Elisa法分别检测大鼠血清中的泌乳素水平;麻醉处死大鼠后,HE染色观察乳腺组织病理学变化;高通量液相蛋白芯片检测法测定大鼠造模前后血清中IL-1β、IL-6水平。结果造模后,模型组大鼠的皮肤、乳房肿块呈现与肉芽肿性乳腺炎患者相似的临床表现。模型组第2周泌乳素水平高于正常对照组(P<0.001),第4周仍高于正常对照组(P<0.01)。模型组肉眼可见部分肿块内粉刺样物质,镜下病变区可见多灶散在分布上皮样细胞构成肉芽肿性结节,有多种炎细胞浸润,以淋巴细胞为主,另见泡沫样组织细胞、浆细胞、多核巨细胞、巨噬细胞等。模型组大鼠IL-1β、IL-6水平均高于造模前(P<0.01)。结论采用胃复安诱导血清泌乳素升高联合大鼠乳汁注射的方法,在造模4周后能成功建立肉芽肿性乳腺炎模型。

血清miR-155、miR-23b在特发性肉芽肿乳腺炎和乳腺癌中的差异性表达及意义

目的 探讨miR-155、miR-23b在特发性肉芽肿乳腺炎(IGM)和乳腺癌(BC)鉴别诊断中的作用。方法 选取2018年10月至2021年11月我院收治的32例IGM患者(ICM组)和40例BC患者(BC组),所有患者均经活检确诊。另外纳入33例健康女性作为对照组。比较患者的临床资料。采用实时荧光定量PCR检测血清miRNAs表达水平。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估血清miR-155、miR-23b对IGM和BC的诊断价值。采用Pearson相关系数法评估相关性。结果 3组CRP、WBC、Hb、Hct、CA19-9、CA15-3、CA125水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。IGM组患者血清miR-155、miR-16-5p、miR-21-5p、miR-210-3p、miR-222-3p、miR-29c-3p表达水平较对照组升高(P<0.001),血清miR-23b表达水平低于对照组(P<0.001);BC组患者血清中以上miRNAs表达水平均高于对照组(P<0.001)。BC组患者血清miR-155表达水平低于IGM组(P<0.001),血清miR-23b表达水平高于IGM组(P<0.001)。血清miR-155和miR-23b水平鉴别诊断IGM和BC的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.722(95%CI:0.601~0.843)、0.765(95%CI:0.657~0.874),敏感度分别为81.00%、77.50%,特异度分别为65.00%、59.40%;二者联合鉴别诊断的AUC为0.869(95%CI:0.786~0.951),敏感度和特异度分别为84.10%和92.50%。IGM组血清miR-155与WBC、CRP水平均呈正相关(P<0.05),而血清miR-23b与WBC、CRP水平均呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论 血清miR-155和miR-23b有助于区分IGM和BC,可成为IGM和BC早期鉴别诊断的靶标。

超声检查对肉芽肿性小叶性乳腺炎和导管原位癌的诊断效能及超声声像图特征分析

目的:分析超声检查鉴别肉芽肿性小叶性乳腺炎(GLM)和导管原位癌(DCIS)的效能及超声声像图特征。方法:选取2017年3月—2023年4月郑州大学第三附属医院收治的GLM患者80例作为GLM组,DCIS患者43例作为DCIS组。两组均进行X线检查和超声检查,比较超声检查、X线检查诊断GLM、DCIS的效能,比较两组超声声像图特征。结果:超声检查诊断GLM、DCIS的灵敏度、特异度、准确度高于X线检查,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组病灶形状、病灶后方回声、导管扩张、钙化、周围组织回声增高、皮肤增厚、血管供应方式比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组病灶形态、病灶边缘、病灶回声模式比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:超声检查诊断GLM和DCIS的效能较好,超声声像图特征显著,可为临床鉴别诊断提供可靠依据。