An integrated spatial planning of the mountainous landscapes for ski sports in a case area at the eastern Türkiye

Mountainous regions have disadvantages in economic development because of harsh physical and climatic conditions.However,winter tourism activities are one of the key components for supporting economic development in the highlands.Establishing a ski resort area supports direct and indirect employment in a region,and it stops immigration from mountainous regions to other places.This research aimed to assess the potential ski areas using a multi criteria evaluation technique in the Van region which is located in the eastern part of Türkiye.In this context,snow cover duration,sun effect,slope,slope length,elevation,population density,distance from main roads and lake visibility were used as input factors in the decision making process.Each factor was standardized using a fuzzy technique based on existing well-known ski centers in Türkiye.The weight of inputs was defined by applying a survey to the professional skiers.The most important factors were detected as transportation opportunities and snow covers whereas,the least important factors were elevation and population density.Additionally,lake visibility was very important to make a difference from other existing facilities in the region.Therefore,it was included as constraints and lake visible areas were extracted at the final stage of the research.Potential ski areas were mapped in three levels as professional,intermediate and beginner skiers.One of the suitable areas was selected as a sample projection and for the 3D simulation of the ski investment area.Potential costs and benefits were discussed.It was found that a ski tourism area investment can be amortized in 3 years in the region.

Testing of Decision Making Tools for Village Land Use Planning and Natural Resources Management in Kilimanjaro Region

This paper focuses on participatory testing of decision making tools (DMTs) at village level to assist in development of land use plans (LUPs) for sustainable land management (SLM) in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania. Data were collected using conditional surveys through key informant interviews with the project’s district stakeholders in each district, focused group discussions with selected villagers and participatory mapping of natural resources. Soil health, land degradation, carbon stock, and hydrological conditions were assessed in the seven pilot villages in all seven districts using DMTs as part of testing and validation. Results indicated soils of poor to medium health, and land degradation as portrayed by gullies and wind erosion in lowlands and better in uplands. Carbon and forest disturbance status could not be assessed using one-year data but hydrological analysis revealed that water resources were relatively good in uplands and poor in the lowlands. Challenges with regard to land use include increased gully erosion, decreased stream flow, reduced vegetation cover due to shifting from coffee with tree sheds to annual crops farming, cultivation near water sources, and overgrazing. Empowering the community with decision making tools at village level is essential to ensure that village land uses are planned in a participatory manner for sustainable land and natural resources management in Kilimanjaro and other regions in Tanzania.

Local communities' participation in decision-making processes through planning and budgeting in African countries

Community participation and community based management are topical themes in current policy and discussion revolving around decision-making processes especially those dealing with natural resources management.This review shows that while governments have accepted the need to either cede or devolve control and management of natural resources to the local communities,the communities are not part and parcel of the planning and budgeting which are crucial in decisionmaking.Communities were seen to be more involved in the implementation of natural resource management programs but lacked ownership of the projects.This causes lack of commitment to the programs and at times hostile reaction from the communities.The communities are always at the receiving end when it pertains to losses in the exchange.Community participation was shown to be effective when the local population is involved not as co-operating users but as natural resource managers or owner managers.

Power generation expansion planning approach considering carbon emission constraints

Decarbonization of the power sector in China is an essential aspect of the energy transition process to achieve carbon neutrality.The power sector accounts for approximately 40%of China’s total CO_(2) emissions.Accordingly,collaborative optimization in power generation expansion planning(GEP)simultaneously considering economic,environmental,and technological concerns as carbon emissions is necessary.This paper proposes a collaborative mixedinteger linear programming optimization approach for GEP.This minimizes the power system’s operating cost to resolve emission concerns considering energy development strategies,flexible generation,and resource limitations constraints.This research further analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of current GEP techniques.Results show that the main determinants of new investment decisions are carbon emissions,reserve margins,resource availability,fuel consumption,and fuel price.The proposed optimization method is simulated and validated based on China’s power system data.Finally,this study provides policy recommendations on the flexible management of traditional power sources,the market-oriented mechanism of new energy sources,and the integration of new technology to support the attainment of carbon-neutral targets in the current energy transition process.

Analysis on decision-making model of plan evaluation based on grey relation projection and combination weight algorithm

In military service joint operations, when there are more operational forces, more multifarious materials are consumed, the support is more complex and fuzzy, the deployment of personnel is more rapid, and the support provided by wartime military material support powers can be more effective. When the principles,requirements, influencing factors and goals of military material support forces are deployed in wartime, an evaluation indicator system is established. Thus, a new combined empowerment method based on an analytic hierarchy process（AHP） is developed to calculate the subjective weights, and the rough entropy method is used to calculate the objective weights. Combination weights can be obtained by calculating the weight preference coefficient error, which is determined by combining the cooperative game method and the minimum deviation into objectives. This approach can determine the grey relation projection coefficient and synthesize the measure scheme superiority to finally optimize the deployment plan using the grey relation projection decision-making method. The results show that the method is feasible and effective;it can provide a more scientific and practical decision-making basis for the military material support power deployment in wartime.

Westinghouse Electric Corp.plans long-term investment in China

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THE NINTH FIVE-YEAR PLAN AND LONG-TERM TARGET BY 2010 FOR CHINA'S FOOD INDUSTRY

The"Ninth Five-Year Plan for theNational Economy and SocialDevelopment and the Long-TermTarget by the Year 2010" adopted at theFourth Session of the Eighth National People’sCongress have opened up a vast new worldfor the development of China’s food industry.The food industry should seize the opportunityto strengthen itself and speed up itsdevelopment for meeting the needs ofimproving the people’s living standards andperform well in modernized socialistconstruction.

Improved Fuzzification Method for Multi-Objective Decision-Making and Its Application in Evaluation of Highway Planning

A new fuzzification method for multi-objective decision-making and selective sorting is proposed on the basis of the fuzzy consistent relation, and the specific algorithm is presented. The method is applied to the evaluation of highway planning of Zhanjiang city. To decrease the subjectivity in the process of decision-making, the LOWA operator is introduced, and a discussion on how to select appropriate weights involved in multi-objective sorting is made. It is concluded that it is feasible to apply the fuzzy consistent relation to multi-objective decision-making analysis, and the improved fuzzication method is workable.

晚期癌症患者基于共享决策理论的预立医疗照护计划干预

目的探讨基于共享决策理论的预立医疗照护计划干预对晚期癌症患者的实施效果。方法将107例晚期癌症患者按入院时间分为两组,2023年5-7月收治的54例患者为对照组,2023年8-10月收治的53例患者为干预组。对照组实施常规护理干预,干预组在对照组基础上实施基于共享决策理论的预立医疗照护计划干预。干预4周后,比较两组预立医疗照护计划接受度、决策参与满意度及尊严得分。结果干预后干预组预立医疗照护计划接受度总分及各维度得分、决策参与满意度总分显著高于对照组,而尊严总分显著低于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论对晚期癌症患者实施基于共享决策理论的预立医疗照护计划干预,能提高其预立医疗照护计划接受度,改善决策参与满意度,维护临终患者尊严。

临床护士批判性思维评估量表的汉化与信效度检验

目的汉化临床护士批判性思维评估量表,并检验其信效度,为临床护士批判性思维能力测评提供工具。方法遵循Brislin翻译模型,对临床护士批判性思维评估量表进行翻译、回译及文化调适,形成中文版量表。便利抽取临床护士242人进行调查,评价量表信效度。结果中文版量表包括问题识别、护理决策、护理优先次序、护理计划、护理计划实施与改进5个维度共16个条目。探索因子分析结果显示,5个公因子的累计方差贡献率为86.472%。总量表Cronbach′sα系数为0.969,折半系数为0.925,重测信度为0.835。结论中文版临床护士批判性思维评估量表具有良好的信效度,可用于评估临床护士批判性思维能力。

基于多准则决策方法的避难场所选址模型研究

针对避难场所规划选址中的现实问题与需求,从方法易操作和可实施角度出发,构建了面向城市规划业务流程与工作实践的防灾避难场所选址模型。该模型基于多准则决策方法(MCDM),以避难场所选址的安全性和均好性为主要目标。模型综合考虑了人口密度、建筑质量、交通系统和避难场所设施配置四项选址影响因素,并采用AHP-熵权法确定影响要素权重。以江阴市为实证案例,套用模型经过两轮评估及编码者测试,最终明确了备选避难场所资源的优先建设排序,验证了模型的可行性与实用性。研究提出的影响要素和量化指标易于取得,打分方法便于操作,适用于城市规划阶段的避难场所规划选址与建设时序决策。

智能播种机器人控制系统设计

为进一步提高作物播种自动化水平和生产效率,该文详细阐述了智能播种机器人硬件系统、软件系统的设计,以及关键部件的选型,通过构建智能播种机器人路径规划算法,实现农田环境感知和作物信息处理,达到精准的播种路径规划和种子分配。通过田间试验,验证了所设计控制系统的可行性和有效性。结果表明,通过划分区域、设定优先级和避障策略,实现了高效的播种路径规划。

高校毕业生未来时间洞察力对求职行为的影响——基于职业规划能力和职业决策自我效能感的作用机制

以天津市高校毕业生为例,实证分析了未来时间洞察力、职业决策自我效能感、职业规划能力与毕业生求职行为的关系。研究表明:高校毕业生的未来时间洞察力、职业决策自我效能感、职业规划能力、求职行为之间两两显著正相关。高校毕业生未来时间洞察力可以直接预测求职行为,也可以通过职业决策自我效能感的中介作用间接影响求职行为,职业规划能力在其中有负向调节作用。

森林火灾蔓延模拟及应急路径规划优选

【目的】利用云计算手段模拟林火蔓延过程,规划火灾应急路径,以促进救援力量快速、高效到达指定火灾地点,为布置林火阻隔措施预留充足时间。研究也为吉林省通化市东昌区的林火应急响应和预防规划提出建设性意见。【方法】以吉林省通化市东昌区为研究区域进行实地调研和模型推演。着眼于林火点单源和多源差异性,利用应急路径规划模型、Dijkstra算法模拟计算单源林火情况下最短救援路径,并纳入多源林火优先级理论,实现救援资源利用最大化。采用FARSITE模型对区域实例森林火灾进行蔓延速率模拟,获取林火发生后各阶段实时数据,综合考虑森林火点附近资源布局情况以及道路交通能力,进行救援路径的推算和防火道路的布局,以验证方法的可行性,并对森林火灾应急响应救援路径进行智能优选。【结果】在一般森林火灾发生时单个着火点的公式基础上,为2个及以上着火点引入优先级理论,再根据火情严重程度通过Dijkstra算法进行依次推演。此外,增加μ作为通行能力系数,以考虑路况、道路属性对救援通行时间的影响,得到新的路径公式。通过FARSITE模型,对2010年“5.3”一般森林火灾(20100503-220502-01)进行蔓延推演,在火源点起火5 h后,如果没有得到有效的人为干预,火情将演变为重大森林火灾,并蔓延到人居地区。由于风向影响,火源点东北侧的火情优先级高于北侧,若有条件同时进行救援,应急资源应按优先级倾斜。【结论】模拟结果表明,通过应急路径规划模型、Dijkstra算法和优先级理论,可以提高救援路径的获取速率,提前进行资源调配和人员安排,FARSITE模拟结合防火道路规划,联系火灾发生后各时间段的蔓延情况,能有效提升森林火灾决策效率,事半功倍地形成林火应急响应和预防规划方案。

考虑驾驶风格的高速行驶工况自动换道决策规划研究

为了解决高速行驶工况下自动驾驶车辆决策模型的车间互动性不足、规划控制匹配性差等问题,构建了基于斯塔克尔伯格(Stackelberg)博弈的闭环换道决策模型,将障碍车响应纳入自车换道决策中,同时引入驾驶风格特征优化多目标决策成本函数,并使用粒子群优化(PSO)算法求解博弈决策模型,采用考虑质心侧偏角影响下的运动学模型预测车辆状态,设计了基于动态风险势场法的非线性模型预测规划控制器。仿真结果表明,所提出的闭环换道决策模型可有效结合车间互动行为与驾驶风格特征输出正确的决策指令并完成相应的运动规划和控制。

高速公路弯道换道决策及运动规划优化

弯道换道决策及运动规划算法主要影响自动驾驶汽车的安全性和操纵稳定性。针对高速公路弯道换道场景决策的安全性和行驶效率不够高的问题,提出新的基于主车相对前车的驾驶不满意度的决策算法。为了提高运动规划算法实时性,采用路径-速度解耦框架进行主车换道轨迹规划。对于路径规划,选择五次多项式曲线,采用考虑安全、舒适和高效性的4个换道路径评价指标,实现最优路径规划。对于速度规划,结合动态规划与二次规划优化获取平滑速度规划曲线。仿真结果表明基于驾驶不满意度的换道决策模型能选择更高效和安全的行驶方式。在典型的主车换道场景,主车最大质心侧偏角,最大横摆角速度的数值均小,表明换道轨迹规划算法能确保主车换道的安全性和操纵稳定性。

面向海上突发事件应急救援任务的协同规划

针对海上突发事件应急救援任务风险大、时间紧、冲突多及协同规划难等问题,急需一套海上应急救援协同机制予以支撑.首先,分析海上突发事件应急救援特点,探索应急联动协同机制;然后,面向海上应急救援任务的时空特点,构建基于时空因素的协同规划模型.进一步,针对指挥协同规划难题,构建基于观察–判断–决策–执行(OODA)作战环的应急救援单元协同联动模型,并着力于分析协同救援单元的一致性及救援时效性,旨在提升应急救援效能.最后,以海上危险化学品泄露救援任务为想定,利用上述模型方法进行规划建模与仿真验证.结果表明,所提出应急救援任务协同规划方法,能够有效的优化协调好海上突发事件的应急救援协同问题,提高了应急救援效能,为海上应急救援部门指挥决策提供了重要支持.