Effects of Mechanized Transplanting and Fertilization Mode on Population Growth and Development of Male Parent in Seed Production of Hybrid Rice

In order to study the effects of mechanized transplanting and fertilization mode on population growth and development of the male parent in seed production of hybrid rice, three male parents, Huazhan, Shuhui 527 and R9311 were selected as materials. The male parents were transplanted by rice transplanter with two kinds of line spacing design, six lines with equal row spacing （20/25 cm x 30 cm） and wide and narrow spacing （20/25 cm x 40, 20 cm）, and artificial transplanting with equal row spacing （20/25 cm x 30 cm） was set as the control. The three fer- tilization modes were applying for one, two and three times. The flowering stage and panicle-spikelet structure of the male parent were investigated. The results showed that the effects of mechanized transplanting and fertilization mode were little on the duration from seeding to heading; the panicles and spikelets of the three male parents were significantly increased by mechanized transplanting. The tiller number was increased by mechanized transplanting and fertilizing for two and three times. Wide and narrow spacing by machine planting and fertilizing for three times were suitable for Huazhan, which significantly increased the number of spikelets per unit area. Furthermore, the number of spikelets per unit area of Shuhui 527 and R9311 were significantly increased by mechanized transplanting and fertilizing for three times.

Effects of Different Row Ratios of Male and Female Parents and Application Amount of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Hybrid Wheat Seed Production and Its Component Factors

In order to screen suitable high hybrid wheat seed production technology,the split-plot experiment design was adopted and study was carried out about the effects of the different row ratios of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer on hybrid wheat seed production and its component factors. The results showed that the seed production increased with the increase in the number of female parent row. When the row ratio of male and female parents was 2 ∶ 6,the seed production was 3 683. 8 kg/ha; when the application amount of nitrogen fertilization was 50 kg/ha,the seed production was 3 649. 4 kg/ha; the interaction between the row ratio of male and female parents and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer indicated that when the row ratio of male and female parents was 2∶ 6 and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 300 kg/ha,the seed production reached the highest( 4160. 6 kg/ha). The row ratio of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on the component factors of seed production,including the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage. When the row ratio of male and female parents was 2∶ 5,the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage were the highest at 26. 7 grains,1. 12 g,and 62. 6% respectively; when application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 450 kg/ha,the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage were the highest at 26. 0 grains,1. 08 g,and59. 2% respectively; the interaction of row ratio of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage; when the row ratio of male and female parents was 2∶ 5 and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 300 kg/ha,the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage were the highest at 29. 6grains,1. 24 g,and 71. 6% respectively. The number of grains per spike is the largest component factor for seed production. Increasing the number of grains per spike can increase the seed production. According to the effects of row ratio of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer on the component factors of seed production,the optimal condition was 2∶ 5-2∶ 6 for row ratio of male and female parents and 300-450 kg/ha for application amount of nitrogen fertilizer.

Parental Consanguinity in Infertile Males

This study was investigated whether parental consanguinity in males has an effect on or relationship with some infertile subgroups and some semen and hormone parameters. The charts of 2651 infertile males were evaluated retrospectively for parental consanguinity ratios, sperm counts, motility parameters and hormonal values from the records of 2651 infertile males. In 1260 eligible males the first cousin parental consanguinity ratio was 22.6%. In 119 males with nonobstructive azoospermic (NOA) and 430 males with normal sperm counts, the ratios were 34.5% and 20.9%, respectively (p = 0.002). In the NOA group the parental consanguinity ratios were 27.1% (23/85) and 52.9% (18/34) in males with FSH values of >7.6 and 7.6 mIU/ml, respectively (p = 0.007). In males with normal sperm counts if the parents were first cousins, both sperm counts and motility parameters were significantly reduced when compared with the others. To our knowledge, this is the first study of consanguinity ratios among some infertile subgroups. In males with parental consanguinity lower sperm counts and motility ratios in normozoospermic males and lower FSH levels in the NOA group might show a relation with some genetically transmitted defects.

象雄半细毛羊、藏系绵羊杂交F1代与其父本、母本品种的屠宰检测研究

该研究旨在比较象雄半细毛羊与藏系绵羊杂交F1代与其父本、母本品种在屠宰性能方面的差异,通过系统的屠宰检测,评估各品种在屠宰率、胴体重量和肉质等关键指标上的表现。结果表明,杂交F1代在一些关键屠宰性能指标上展现出了优于或等同于其父本、母本品种的表现,尤其在肉质方面表现出潜在的改良优势。该项研究不仅为肉用羊的品种改良提供了试验依据,也为满足市场对高质量羊肉的需求提供良好途径。

杂交粳稻申优28全程机械化高产高效制种技术研究

申优28是以BT型不育系申21A与恢复系申恢26-28配组育成的三系杂交粳稻新组合。申优28制种时,通过调节双亲的生长发育,确保了父母本花期高度相遇。研究了父母本均机插条件下不同父母本行比及母本株距对申优28制种产量的影响,以及在父本机插(行距25cm)-母本机直播(行距20 cm)条件下,母本不同株距对申优28制种产量的影响。结果表明,在父母本均机插条件下,父母本行比2︰8~10、行株距25 cm×14 cm时制种产量高;父本机插-母本机直播条件下,以株距16 cm时制种产量高。通过以上优化栽培方式,确保了杂交粳稻制种高产高效。

播种期对黑糯玉米自交系生长、雌雄穗开花期及产量的影响

为了研究不同播种期对黑糯玉米(Zea mays L.)品种桂黑糯609父本和母本生长发育、花期调控以及产量的影响,基于广西的气候特征,以父本黑糯系102和母本绿秆糯为试验材料,设计6个不同播种期(父本为2月25日、2月29日、3月4日和3月8日,母本为2月25日和3月8日),调查父本和母本自交系主要生长时期的发生时间、叶片生长速度,并测量产量及产量相关性状。结果表明,随着播种期的推迟,2个亲本的开花期都相对延迟,相同播种期(2月25日和3月8日)父本的散粉期和母本的吐丝期相遇最好,不同播种期相遇一般甚至不相遇;播种期早(2月25日)的亲本叶片生长最快,雄穗最长;随着播种期的推迟,各亲本的株高、穗位高、穗长、穗行数等性状逐渐升高,但差异相对较小,穗粗、出子率和产量也逐渐升高,且处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。由此表明,在广西进行桂黑糯609制种生产,为了能确保父本和母本花期正常相遇,同时避免气温因素的影响,最好以同播种期为主,最适宜的播种期为3月上旬,且不宜超过3月中旬。

Hardness Genetic Analysis of Pink Hard-fruit Tomato

Hardness genetic laws of pink hard-fruit tomato were studied for breeding new varieties of pink hard-fruit tomato. The change of hardness degree and heredi- tary characters of tomato were studied using the texture analyzer, with female parents P27, male parents P31 and tomato F1 combination 15# as the test materials. The result showed that transverse hardness was the lowest, followed by longitudinal hardness, and the hardness of fruit shoulder was the highest. The average hardness at green fruit stage was higher, the hardness at turning-color period and red ripe stage decreased significantly. The average hardness of P27, P31, F1 combination 15# at red ripe fruit was 13.27, 10.88, 12.28 N, respectively. The hardness at red fruit stage and green fruit stage had significantly positive correlation. Fruit shape index of F1 combinations 15#at red ripe stage was 0.87. The fruit shape was round with 5-6 locules. The pericarp thickness was 0.7-0.8 cm. The single fruit weight was 258 g. It was the ideal bred variety for pink hard-tomato fruit. There was no necessary connection among fruit hardness and fruit size, pericarp thickness, ventricle numbers, single fruit weight. Fruit shape index could be used as indirect selection index of the hardness of tomato.

茶树品种“玉绿”和“玉笋”父本的EST-SSR标记鉴定

为在分子水平上鉴定"玉绿"和"玉笋"的父本,本研究采用EST-SSR标记对其母本和4个可能父本进行了分析。结果表明,筛选的16对核心引物共检测到34个等位位点,每个引物1～3个,平均2.12个。玉绿与薮北实生单株及4个可能父本的相同位点数分别占玉绿扩增总位点数的72.22%、44.44%、55.56%、72.22%、61.11%,最大为薮北实生单株和湘波绿,最小为福鼎大白茶;玉笋分别为73.91%、43.48%、52.17%、60.87%和47.83%,最大为薮北实生单株,最小也为福鼎大白茶。8份供试材料间相似系数变幅为0.19～0.85,平均0.52。根据相似系数UPGMA聚类,在相似系数0.61处将参试8份材料分为4类:第Ⅰ类为薮北、薮北实生单株、玉笋;第Ⅱ类为龙井43;第Ⅲ类包括湘波绿、玉绿、槠叶齐;第Ⅳ类为福鼎大白茶。参试材料的相似系数和亲缘关系树状图在分子水平上显示了玉绿和玉笋杂交亲本间的遗传差异较大,推测湘波绿可能是玉绿的父本,而玉笋的父本还有待进一步验证。

特效植物营养素处理父本对水稻杂交种子的影响及表观遗传效应

在水稻杂交制种过程中用特效植物营养素(SPNE)对杂交稻父本进行不同代处理的试验,比较其对杂交种子及父本种子产量及相关性状的影响,结果表明用SPNE处理父本两代的效果最好,只处理一代时当代处理的超过上代处理的,上代处理的还能超过对照产生表观遗传效应。将它们的种子在同样条件下萌发生长,结果显示凡是前代用SPNE处理的种子发芽率、幼苗的株重、叶绿素、蛋白质含量等,都超过对照,产生表观遗传效应,效果表现和上述一致。将处理和对照的杂交种子种植,比较F1代的产量和相关性状,表现为处理种子再用SPNE处理的效果最好,不再处理的超过对照产生表观遗传效应。

半滑舌鰨养殖群体雌雄比例与自然性逆转率

利用半滑舌鳎（Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther）性别连锁微卫星标记scaffold1128_343和性腺组织切片的方法,研究半滑舌鳎8个普通家系和养殖场雄性亲鱼遗传性别与性逆转情况。首先,8个普通家系（28、30、38、39、40、44、57、69）遗传性别检测结果显示,遗传雌性比例最低为39家系（37.93%）,最高为38家系和40家系（55.00%）。对其中4个家系（28、39、44、57）的两次遗传性别比例检测结果对比发现,家系间遗传雌性比例存在差异。其次,对4个家系（28、39、44、57）和养殖场雄性亲鱼的遗传与表型性别鉴定结果表明,不同家系表型雌鱼比例为18.75%~46.88%,低于各家系的遗传雌性比例,不同家系间自然性逆转率存在显著性差异（P＆lt;0.05）。研究还发现,繁育场所用的普通雄性亲鱼中平均有28.42%的伪雄鱼。本研究结果表明,自然性逆转现象在半滑舌鳎养殖群体中普遍存在,半滑舌鳎不同家系的表型雌鱼比例存在显著差异,这为培育半滑舌鳎高雌性苗种提供了理论依据。

两系杂交早稻父本996孕穗期和开花期耐冷性评价

以水稻品种4628(耐冷性弱)和丰源B(耐冷性较强)为对照,采用人工气候室低温处理对两系杂交早稻父本996孕穗期和开花期的耐冷性进行了鉴定评价。结果表明,996孕穗期低温处理下的结实率和相对结实率显著高于对照品种4628,结实率下降值和低温敏感指数显著低于对照品种4628;996开花期低温处理下的结实率和相对结实率显著高于对照品种丰源B和4628,结实率下降值和低温敏感指数显著低于对照品种丰源B和4628。说明996孕穗期的耐冷性显著强于对照品种4628,开花期的耐冷性显著强于对照品种4628和丰源B。

用新台糖甘蔗品种作父本培育强宿根后代的潜力评价

选用12个新台糖系列甘蔗品种ROC2、ROC6、ROC7、ROC9、ROC10、ROC11、ROC22、ROC23、ROC24、ROC25、ROC26和ROC28作父本与不同类型的母本杂交,选配组合22个,采用家系评价法和宿根力分析对甘蔗有性杂交后代在干旱条件下的宿根性进行研究。结果表明,父本及选配的组合对后代新植蔗的影响较宿根蔗更为显著,且糖产量和有效茎在新植蔗的遗传力表现均高于宿根蔗,对强宿根后代的选育贡献小;12个新台糖系列父本中,ROC28、ROC23和ROC25在新植、宿根2个植期的重要性状一般配合力(GCA)均较高,糖产量、蔗茎产量和有效茎在宿根蔗的配合力大于新植蔗,可作为优良抗旱、强宿根父本加以利用;22个组合中,自然干旱条件下组合CP86-1664×ROC28在2个植期的重要性状特殊配合力(SCA)均较高,且宿根蔗糖产量、蔗茎产量和株高的特殊配合力高于其他组合,糖产量和蔗茎产量宿根力分别比对照种ROC22高31.1%和13.7%,是选育抗旱、强宿根甘蔗新品种的优良组合。

成年罪犯人格特征及父母教养方式的相关分析

目的 :了解成年罪犯的人格特征及探讨父母教养方式与其人格的相关性。方法 :对 13 9名成年男性罪犯进行EPQ人格问卷、EMBU父母教养方式量表测试。结果 :罪犯E、N、P分高于常模 ,L分低于常模 ,暴力型犯罪E分高于财产型犯罪。幼时家庭不完整者的“父母情感温暖、理解” ,“父亲偏爱被试”因子分比幼时家庭完整者低。“父母情感温暖、理解” ,“母亲过分干涉、过分保护”因子与E因子显著相关 ;“母亲过干涉、保护”及“母亲拒绝、否认”因子与N因子显著相关 ;“父母惩罚严厉、拒绝否认”因子与P因子显著相关。结论

杉木无性系光合特性和呼吸速率的遗传变异性及杂交亲本筛选

为研究杉木育种园亲本无性系的净光合速率和亲本家系的呼吸速率的大小和遗传变异,以便给杉木杂交育种亲本选配和双系育种园的建立提供优良的母本和父本。以遂昌杉木育种园中(即1.5代种子园)40个亲本无性系为研究材料,展开净光合速率和呼吸速率的大小和遗传变异性研究。结果发现:(1)展叶速生期,杉木的总叶绿素含量与净光合速率间存在极显著相关,因此可用此时的总叶绿素含量来预测其净光合速率;(2)杉木亲本无性系间的光合特性具有中度的遗传变异性(GCV=17.56%)和强度重复力(R=92.71%);有龙8、1244、1269、1366、1419、1278、龙15、丽55、丽8、丽4、1218和1276等12个亲本净光合速率较高,适合做杂交的母本。(3)与光合特性一样,杉木亲本家系的呼吸速率具有中度以上的遗传变异性(GCV=41.67%)和强度广义遗传力(96.42%);有1339,丽55,靖70,1278,云17,龙4,苍2和1218,共有8个亲本家系,其亲本适合于做杂交的父本。有丽55、1278和1218 3个亲本无性系既可作杂交的母本,又可作杂交的父本。(4)在杉木中,亲本间的净光合速率与呼吸速率存在负的弱的秩相关(rs=-0.202 1),并仍存在如下现象:少数优亲,其净光合速率高,但其呼吸速率往往较低,反之亦然。因此从遗传育种学的角度看问题,要获得优良的种子,只有采用杂交育种的方式,来聚合杉木优良的光合和呼吸特性,并采用双系育种园的方式或无性利用的方式来利用杉木杂交育种的成果。

杂交水稻制种父本机插秧与施肥方式对其群体生长发育的影响

为探索杂交水稻制种父本机插秧及施肥方式对其群体生长发育的影响,选用华占、蜀恢527和R9311三个父本为材料,设计等行距(20/25 cm×30 cm)和宽窄行距(20/25 cm×40、20 cm)两种6行父本插秧机移栽父本,以等行距(20/25 cm×30 cm)人工移栽作对照,并采用1、2、3次3种施肥方式处理,观察与考查供试父本开花期和穗粒构成。结果表明:机插方式和施肥方式对播始历期影响较小;3个父本采用机插秧能显著提高其群体单位面积有效穗数和颖花数;采用机插秧并分2次或3次施肥可增加其分蘖数;父本华占采用宽窄行机插秧,并以3次施肥,能够显著增加其单位面积颖花数,父本蜀恢527、R9311机插秧能够显著增加单位面积颖花数,并适宜3次施肥。

22个常绿杜鹃远缘杂交种子萌发特性

为实现野生种质的育种应用,筛选出适宜作为亲本的杜鹃花种类。本研究以4个常绿杜鹃亚属野生种(大白杜鹃、宽杯杜鹃、蓝果杜鹃和黄杯杜鹃)为父本与17个常绿杜鹃花品种杂交所获得的种子为试验材料,研究各杂交种子的形态特征、种子发芽率、种子发芽势、种子发芽指数和种子平均发芽时间等,以期对各种类作为父本应用的杂交优势性进行评价。结果表明:外形饱满、两端有翅的纺锤形瘦长种子更易于萌发,4个常绿杜鹃亚属野生种作为父本的优势性依次为:大白杜鹃>宽杯杜鹃>蓝果杜鹃>黄杯杜鹃。

杂交中稻父本结实率与组合结实率的相关性

为探明父本结实率对杂交中稻组合结实率的影响,以7个父本品种和相应杂交组合为材料,对父本结实率与相应组合结实率的相关性进行了分析.结果表明,父本品种结实率对组合结实率普遍存在程度不同的正相关影响,尤以明恢63,桂99,R838的影响明显.利用生态点的差异,可以有效鉴定出哪些父本品种对组合的结实率影响大;利用父本品种间对组合结实率影响的差异,可以有针对性的筛选出抗高温或低温的组合.

硬粉果番茄硬度遗传分析

为了选育硬粉果型番茄新品种,研究硬粉果番茄硬度遗传规律问题,选取硬粉果骨干亲本材料母本P27、父本P31及配置的F_1组合15#为试材,利用质构仪研究果实硬度变化及遗传特性。结果表明,同一果实横向硬度最低,纵向硬度次之,果肩硬度最高。中青果期果实的平均硬度较高,转色期和红熟期硬度下降明显加快;P27、P31、F_1组合15#红熟果平均硬度分别为13.27、10.88、12.28 N;红果期与青果期果实硬度极显著正相关;F_1组合15#红熟果的果形指数为0.87,果实圆形,果皮厚度0.7~0.8 cm,5~6个心室,单果重258 g,是硬粉果番茄选育的理想品种。番茄果实硬度与果实大小、果皮厚度、心室数、单果重没有必然的联系,果形指数可作为番茄硬度的间接选择指标。

杂交水稻制种父本群体培养技术进展

杂交水稻制种父本群体培养目标是父本群体占地比小且有效花粉充足、父本群体花期较长且单位花粉密度大、异交态势理想且农艺性状优良。30多年来,杂交水稻制种父本群体在分期播种技术、育秧方法、栽插方式、施肥方式、花期调节技术等方面形成了一整套传统培养技术。针对杂交水稻制种机械化技术发展趋势,当前我国杂交水稻机械化制种父本群体培养技术取得了明显进展,未来有待进一步对父本群体机械化制种予以完善。

黔油12号双低杂交油菜制种技术研究 Ⅱ.父母本花期相遇的适宜播差期

为制定黔油 12号大面积制种技术方案 ,明确该品种父母本的最佳播差期和最佳播期 ,提高异交结实率和制种产量 ,1999年 9月 18日至 11月 6日共进行了 9期相隔 6 d的父母本播期试验。结果表明 :父母本最佳播差期为 6 d;最佳播期在 9月中旬至 10月中上旬 (父本最迟播期为 10月 12日 ) ;在最佳播期内 ,父本比母本提前 6 d播种的花期相遇较好 ,异交结实率高 。