Long Term Administration of Lannea acida Rich. (Anacardiaceae) Reverses the Imidacloprid-Induced Fertility Impairments in Adult Male Rat through Androgenic and Antioxidant Properties

Aim: The harmful effects of pesticides have been largely documented in recent times. But effective therapeutic solutions to pesticide related male infertility are yet to be established. This study investigated the curative effects of Lannea acida on imidacloprid (IMI)-induced hypofertility in male Wistar rats. Methods: Rats of 150 – 200 g were administered IMI (22.5 mg/kg) for two weeks and partitioned into control (distilled water, vitamin E, clomiphene citrate) or test (aqueous (340 mg/kg), methanol (170 mg/kg) extract) groups for eight weeks treatment. Animals were sacrificed at the end of the treatment and samples were collected for sperm, antioxidant and hormonal analysis. Fertility tests were performed from treatment day 47 for fertility indices estimation. Results were expressed as mean ± SEM and one way ANOVA was applied using STATISTICA Software. Results: Exposition to IMI resulted in a significant decrease in sperm count, motility, viability and normality, testosterone and LH, coupled to an increase in oxidative stress markers. Moreover, IMI impaired male fertility evidenced by a significant drop in fertility index and litter size. Similar to clomiphene citrate and vitamin E, plant extracts significantly improved the sperm parameters, sexual hormones and decreased the oxidative stress markers. More importantly, the fertility index and litter size were restored, especially with the aqueous extract. Conclusion: Present results indicate that L. acida possesses curative potentials against IMI-induced hypofertility through its androgenic and antioxidant properties. However, the effects the extract on spermatozoa DNA structure and the fertility of offsprings from exposed parents are yet to be studied to conclude on total recovery from IMI toxicity.

Changes in Tissue Metals After Cadmium Intoxication and Intervention With Chlorpromazine in Male Rats

Cadmium (Cd), one of the most dangerous heavy metals, has a very similar ionic radius to calcium (Ca). The interference of cadmium in calcium homeostasis may play an important role in cadmium toxicity. Recent reports indicate that calmodulin (CaM) inhibitors such as trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine (CPZ) could protect rodents against cadmium toxicity. It was also reported that pretreatment of mice with zinc (Zn) could reduce the adverse effects induced by cadmium. The aim of this study is to determine whether Cd changes the balance of other essential metals such as Zn and copper (Cu) in rat tissues, and whether CPZ can reverse these changes which are induced by cadmium intoxication. Adult male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were injected intraperitoneally (ip) with cadmium chloride (CdCl 2) (0.2, 0.4, 0.8 mg Cd/kg body weight) alone and 0.4mg Cd/kg in association with CPZ (5 mg/kg) daily for a week. The control animals were injected with normal saline only. The results showed that the cadmium content in the liver, kidney and testis increased significantly with a dose response relationship. Cadmium treatment markedly increased the Zn and Ca content in some of the tissues. Hepatic and renal metallothionein (MT) increased significantly after cadmium intoxication. CPZ treatment, however, reduced cadmium content in liver, but not blood and kidney. CPZ seemed to decrease the content of MT in liver and significantly increase the amounts of MT in kidney. These data suggest that the intervention of cadmium with tissue essential metals may play a role in cadmium toxicity in rats, and calmodulin inhibitors to some extent can reduce the adverse effect of cadmium by decreasing the cadmium load in tissues and reversing the unbalance of essential metals.

Evaluation of Antifertility Effect and Recovery of the Seed Oil Constituents of Iranian Species of Melia Azadrach L. in Male Rats

Objective To evaluate the fertility effects of seed extract of Melia azadarach L. treatment effects on fertility indices in male Wistar rats. Methods The seed oil extract had been prepared according to conventional methods. The rats were randomly divided into three study groups. Groups A and B received graded doses of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg body weight of the extract oil, respectively on daily basis for 60 d. Animals in control group received I ml of maize oil. At the end of 60 d and 3 months treatment period, 6 animals per group were randomly selected and fertility was evaluated with mating test. GSI （gonadosomatic index） sperm motility, sperm viability, ESR （epididymal sperm reserves）, DSP（daily sperm production） and testosterone concentration were also assessed.Results In the first stage, a significant reduction infertility indices especially in higher dose was observed compared with the control. During the next stage, the significant increase in fertility indices are the indication of reasonable recovery and reversibility of extract activity. Conclusion The seed oil of Melia azadarach L. has antifertility activity, but its effects is reversible.

Antihyperuricemic Effect of Ethanol Extract of Snake Fruit （Salacca edulis Reinw.） var. Bongkok on Wistar Male Rat

The aim of the study was to investigate antihyperuricemic effect of snake fruit （Salacca edulis Reinw.） var. Bongkok Wistar male rates. Antihyperuricemic investigation on Wistar male rats showed that administration of ethanol extract at doses of 200 mg/kg bw decreased serum uric acid level significantly compared to control group at hour 6 and 7 （P 〈 0.05） after inducing with potassium oxonate intraperitoneally simultaneously with uric acid orally. Whereas, administration of ethanol extract at doses of 100 mg/kg bw did not decrease serum uric acid level significantly different compared to control group at hour 6 and 7 （P 〈 0.05）. Determination of uric acid level in urine, administration of ethanol extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg bw, or probenecid as a standard drug, at a dose of 45 mg/kg bw increased excretion of urine uric acid level significantly different compared to control group in day of 7 （P 〈 0.05） after inducing with potassium oxonate intraperitoneally simultaneously with uric acid orally. However, increase of uric acid excretion by ethanol extract was lower compared to that of probenecid at a dose of 45 mg/kg bw. Mechanism of action of the ethanol extract as an antihyperuricemia has been proposed by inhibition of xanthine oxidase and finally decreased the synthesis of uric acid and increased the excretion of urine uric acid level.

Antifertility effect of chronically administered Tabernaemontana divaricata leaf extract on male rats

Objective:To investigate the antifertility effect of chronically administered Tabernaemontana divarkala(T.divaricata) leaf extract on male rats.Methods:The effect of 50%ethanol extract of T.divaricata leaves on reproduction was studied on male rats.The study was divided into four groups of five animals each.The first groups(1) received vehicle alone to serve as control. The second,third and fourth groups(Ⅱ,ⅡandⅣ) of animals were administered the leaf extract daily at 50 mg/kg body weight,p.o.,100 nig/kg body weight,p.o.,and 200 mg/kg body weight, p.o.,respectively,for a period of 60 days.Results:Significant decreases in the weight of testes, epididymis,seminal vesicle and ventral prostate were observed.A dose related reduction in the testicular sperm count,epididymal sperm count and motility,number of fertile male,ratio between delivered and inseminated females and numbers of pups were observed.The testis showed a clear correlation between the dose and severity of lesions of seminiferous epithelium. In general,the seminiferous tubules appear reduced in size with a frequently filled eosinophilic material.Spermatogenesis arrested at the secondary spermatocyte stage.Pachytene spermatocytes were undergoing degeneration.Disorganisation and sloughing of immature germ cell were visible. Leydinf cells were atrophied.No morphological changes were observed in Sertoli cells.Significant reduction in serum concentration of luteinizing hormone and testosterone were observed.No distinct change in serum FSH concentration was recorded.The final body weights of all groups were elevated markedly.No alterations were recorded in any hematologiocal parameters. Conclusions:It is concluded that the 50%ethanol extract of T.divaricata leaf produced dose related effect on male reproduction without altering general bodv metabolism.

Effect of Aqueous Extract of <i>Phoenix dactylifera</i>Pollen on Dopamine System of Nucleus Accumbens in Male Rats

Background: Dopamine has been known to facilitate male sexual function. Methods: The effect of aqueous extract (140 mg/kg) of Phoenix dactylifera date palm pollen on sexual behavior and determining of dopamine transmission in the nucleus accumbens was studied in male rats using in vivo microdialysis. Results: Releasing of dopamine increased significantly in the nucleus accumbens when a receptive female was introduced behind a screen (p 0.001). During copulation, dopamine increased markedly in control and treated rats. Phoenix dactylifera Date Palm Pollen enhanced the orientation of males towards females by increasing mounting and ano-genital investigatory behavior. Improving of sexual behavior and dopamine release was higher in treated rats in comparison with control (p 0.001). Conclusion: These results indicate a neurochemical basis for interaction between dopaminergic agents and male sexual behavior. Therefore, Phoenix dactylifera Date Palm Pollen seems to act as a dopamine agonist and to cure male infertility. It can be used as an aphrodisiac that leads to further increases in dopamine release.

Aphrodisiac Activity of Aqueous Extract of <i>Phoenix dactylifera</i>Pollen in Male Rats

Aim of study: Ancient literature alluded to the use of a number of plants/preparations as sex enhancer. One of such botanicals is Phoenix dactylifera in which the pollen grain has been acclaimed to be used as an aphrodisiac. However, the validity has not been scientifically tested. Dopamine is known to facilitate male sexual function. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Phoenix dactylifera pollen on the sexual behavior of male rats and to measure of serum Estradiol and Testostrone. Also, dopamine transmission in the nucleus accumbence (NAc) was studied in male rats using in vivo microdialysis. Methods and Materials: sixty male rats were randomized into 6 groups (A-F). Group A received 0.2 ml of Normal Saline mixed with Dimethyl Sulphate (DMSO), while groups B-F were injected same volume containing 35 mg/kg, 70 mg/kg, 105 mg/kg, 140 mg/kg and 350 mg/kg of DPP extract, respectively. Sexual behavioral parameters including mounting, intromission and ejaculation frequencies and latencies were recorded in male rats one hour after injection of extract by mating with a receptive female (1:1). The male serum testosterone and estradiol concentrations were also determined. Results: All doses stimulated male sexual behavior. Extract significantly increased mount, ejaculation, intromission frequencies and ejaculation latency in comparison to controlled ones (p 0.001). Mount and intromission latencies significantly reduced (p 0.001). Maximum effect was observed in dose 140 mg/kg. This extract was found to enhance Testestrone, Estradiol and the orientation of males toward female ones by increasing mounting and ano-genital investigatory behavior. Conclusions: Data from this study identified that the aqueous extract of Phoenix dactylifera pollen grain enhanced sexual behaviour in male rats. The improved sexual appetitive behaviour in male rats may be attributed, to the alkaloids, saponins, and or flavonoids since these phytochemicals has engorgement, androgen enhancing. Also, our findings support the traditional use of this plant as acclaimed aphrodisiac and for the treatment of pre-ejaculation and impotency.

Subchronic Exposure of Apigenin Induces Hepatic Oxidative Stress in Male Rats

Apigenin (4’, 5, 7-trihydroxyflavone, AP), a dietary flavonoid, is reported to have several therapeutic effects in different diseases including cancer. In the present study, in order to explore the potential mechanism and provide the references for further studies, we investigated the effect of apigenin at various dosages on the hepatic oxidative stress of male rats. Totally 48 SD male rats were randomly divided into control group (saline, 1 ml/100g·bw), low-dose group (AP, 234 mg/kg·bw), middle-dose group (AP, 468 mg/kg·bw) and high-dose group (AP, 936 mg/kg·bw). The rats were administered with apigenin or saline via intragastriation once a day, 6 days per week, and 5 consecutive weeks. Rats were sacrificed and the livers were harvested and then immediately preserved at ﹣20°C. Liver homogenate was prepared before detection. Hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide syntheses (NOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and glutathione (GSH) were determined by colorimetric methods according to the provided procedures. The weights of liver and spleen in apigenin treatment groups did not reveal statistically significant difference when compared with that in the control group (P > 0.05). Total protein (TP), albumin (ALB) and globulin (GLO) in apigenin treatment groups were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). SOD in the middle-dose group (AP, 468 mg/kg·bw) and high-dose group (AP, 936 mg/kg·bw) were significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). T-AOC, CAT and GSH-Px in apigenin treatment groups were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). In high-dose AP group (AP, 936 mg/kg·bw), apigenin can result in the reduction of T-AOC, thus leading to the oxidative damage of liver tissues. In contrast, in middle-dose AP group (AP, 468 mg/kg·bw), apegenin can reduce the elimination capacity of oxygen free radicals.

Chemopreventive Effect of Allspice in Azoxymethane (AOM) Induced Fisher 344 Male Rats

Allspice contains phytochemicals which may have antioxidative and chemopreventive potential. The objective was to determine the effects of allspice on the AOM induced aberrant cryptic foci (ACF) in colon of Fisher 344 male rats. Rats were obtained from Harlan, IN, and raised in an environmentally controlled condition of 12 hours of light and dark cycles and at 50% relative humidity. Rats in experimental groups were fed with different concentrations of allspice (0.5%, 1% and 2%) in an AIN-93G based diet. Rats received AOM injections at 7 and 8 weeks of age at 16 mg/kg body weight. After 17 weeks, rats were asphyxiated with CO2, and liver, and colon samples were collected. Colons were stained with methylene blue to enumerate ACF and crypt multiplicity. Rats fed 0.5% allspice had the highest cecal pH (7.64) compared to control (6.88) (P ≤ 0.05). Rats in the treatment groups gained 225 g to 251 g over the 13-week period. A 29% reduction in total crypts was observed in rats fed 2% compared to 0.5% allspice. Highest number of crypts was seen in control group. Antioxidative enzyme activity was higher in rats fed allspice compared to the control group. Total tumors (0.25 - 2.5), tumor bearing rat ratio (1 - 2.5) and incidence rate (50% - 100%) in rats fed different concentrations of allspice were lower compared to rats in the control group (6.6%, 5.8%, and 100% respectively). Consumption of allspice in the diet reduced the number of ACF in Fisher 344 male rats. Allspice can be utilized in food formulations for its chemopreventive effects against colon cancer.

Synergistic Mixture of Cyperus esculentus, Phoenix dactylifera and Cocos nucifera Aqueous Extract: Its Liver and Kidney Benefits in Male Albino Rat Model

Background: The synergistic mixture of Cyperus esculentus, Phoenix dactylifera and Cocos nucifera (STCD) aqueous extract is a common drink in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. It is assumed to have various health benefits. However, the synergistic mixture of the content has not been studied scientifically, hence the need to evaluate its effect on the liver and kidney being part of the body’s metabolic organs. Aim: This study evaluated the synergistic mixture of Cyperus esculentus, Phoenix dactylifera and Cocos nucifera (STCD) aqueous extract in male albino rats. Methods: Acute toxicity LD50 of STCD was carried out, afterwards, fifteen male albino rats were grouped into three groups with 5 rats in each group;Control, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg STCD. The rats were administered STCD orally 24 hourly, for 21 days, with feed and water ad libitum. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis of the liver and kidney biomarkers, while the liver and kidney tissues were harvested for histopathological examination using standard laboratory methods. Descriptive statistics were computed and expressed as Mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA and Turkeys test was performed. P value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Acute toxicity LD50 of STCD was observed to be ≥2404.2 mg/kg body weight. An increase in the percentage body weight difference of 8.39% and 2.86% was observed for 200 and 400 mg/kg STCD groups. Also, the liver weight was observed to increase in 400 mg/kg (3.92 ± 1.42) in comparison to the control group (3.48 ± 1.61), a decrease in the kidney weight was observed in all groups administered STCD in comparison to the control group. Administration of STCD at both 200 and 400 mg/kg revealed a decrease in the concentration of the hepatic biomarkers AST, ALT, ALP, TP, Albumin, Total and conjugated bilirubin. The kidney biomarker Urea was observed to decrease in concentration for 200 mg/kg STCD (4.60 ± 1.83) and 400 mg/kg STCD (4.76 ± 0.74) when compared to the control group (6.32 ± 2.74). A decrease in Creatinine was observed in 200 mg/kg (91.80 ± 34.69) and 400 mg/kg (98.60 ± 15.53) in comparison to the control group (117.60 ± 42.88). The histological examination of the liver of rats administered STCD revealed structural normal central vein, hepatocytes and portal tract. The kidney examination revealed normal glomeruli and normal tubule. Conclusion: The findings of this study opine that STCD improved the health of both the liver and kidney as evidenced via the biomarkers and histological examinations of the liver and kidney. This study therefore recommends the intake of STCD at moderate doses for improved liver and kidney function due to its bioactive compounds and nutritional content.

The effect of 8-OH-DPAT and dapoxetine on gene expression in the brain of male rats during ejaculation

The 5-HT_(1A) receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-[di-n-propylamino] tetralin(8-OH-DPAT) promotes ejaculation of male rats, whereas dapoxetine delays this process. However, the gene expression profile of the brain at ejaculation following administrationof these two compounds has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, a transcriptomic Body Map was generated by conducting mRNA-Seq on brain samples of male Sprague–Dawley rats. The study included four groups: pre-copulatory control(CK) group,ejaculation(EJ) group, 0.5 mg/kg 8-OH-DPAT-ejaculation group(DPAT), and 60 mg/kg dapoxetineejaculation(DAP) group. The resulting analysis generated an average of approximately 47 million sequence reads. Significant differences in the gene expression profiles of the aforementioned groups were observed in the EJ(257 genes), DPAT(349 genes) and the DAP(207 genes) compared with the control rats. The results indicate that the expression of Drd1 and Slc6a3 was significantly different after treatment with 8-OH-DPAT, whereas the expression of Drd4 was significantly different after treatment with dapoxetine. Other genes, such as Wnt9b, Cdkn1 a and Fosb, exhibited significant differences in expression after the two treatments and are related to bladder cancer, renal cell carcinoma and sexual addiction. The present study reveals the basic pattern of gene expression that was activated at ejaculation in the presence of 8-OH-DPAT or dapoxetine, providing preliminary gene expression information during rat ejaculation.

Hormetic Effects of Yttrium on Male Sprague-Dawley Rats

To evaluate hormesis induced by Yttrium（Y） nitrate in male rats, Y was offered to F0 mother rats and F1 offspring at concentrations of 0, 20, 80, and320 ppm daily from gestational day （GD） 0 through postnatal day 70（PND70）.The F1 offspring were evaluated with respect to motor function,learning and memory, and histopathology.

Chronic effect of olive oil on some neurotransmitter contents in different brain regions and physiological, histological structure of liver and kidney of male albino rats

Olive oil is an important source of mono-unsaturated fat and a prime component of the Mediterranean diet. The beneficial health effects of olive oil are due to both its high content of mono-unsaturated fatty acids and its high content of anti-oxidative substances. The objective of this study was to investigate the basis for the epidemiological information relating to the health benefits associated with the consumption of ex-tra-virgin olive oil (EVOO). The effect of olive oil on norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and gamm-aminobutyric acid (GABA) con-tents in different brain regions and histological structure of liver and kindey of male albino rats was studied. The chronic administration of olive oil (7.5 mg/kg body wt.) caused a significant increase in norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) , serotonin (5-HT) and gamm-aminobutyric acid (GABA) con-tent in different brain regions (Cerebellum, striatum, cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, brain steam and hip-pocampus) of male albino rats. The increase in NE, DA, 5-HT, and GABA content in the different CNS areas of male albino rat may be due to the inhibition of Ca2+/calmodulin binding which plays an important role in the release of these neurotransmitters. The results, also, revealed that urea and creatinne con-centrations in rats with oral administration with olive oil were decreased. Meanwhile, the activities of the enzymes AsT, AlT and ALP were elevated. The pre-sent results indicated that there is no change in tis-sues of kidney after treated with virgin olive oil. Olive oil may potentially be safe for use as a sedative drug. improvement also led to the reductions in risk of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.

Impact of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Humulus Lupulus L. on Sperm Quality, Reproductive Organs and Hormones in Male Rats

Objective: To investigate the impact of Humulus Lupulus L. hydroalcoholic extract on the body weights, reproductive organs, sperm quality and hormone levels in male rats. Methods: By simple random sampling method, seventy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 7 groups including control group [distilled water, 1 mL/(kg·d)], Tween 80 group [25% Tween 80 solution, 1 mL/(kg·d)], olive oil group [olive oil, 1 mL/(kg·d)], diethyl stilbestrol(DES) group [DES, 100 μg/(kg·body weight)], H50, H150 and H450 [50, 150 and 400 mg/(kg·d) of Humulus Lupulus L extract, respectively]. The administration was performed via gavage once daily for 7 weeks. Body and reproductive organs weights including testes, seminal vesicles, epididymis and prostate were weighted and epididymal sperm quality were determined by digital balance. Blood samples were collected and serum free testosterone(T), luteinizing hormone(LH), follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH), and estrogen(E2) levels were measured by rat specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The percentage increase in mean body weights of rats in the DES and H50, H150 and H450 groups decreased significantly compared to olive oil and Tween 80 groups(all P<0.05). The weights of seminal vesicle, epididymis and testes in rats receiving H50 were significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). The sperm count in the rats receiving H50 was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05). The sperm motile characteristics of the rats receiving hydroalcoholic extract and DES were significantly lower than those of the control or rats receiving vehicles(all P<0.05). In H50, H150, H450 and DES groups, T and LH levels were decreased, and E2 was significantly increased compared to the control(P<0.05 or P<0.01). The FSH level did not change in all groups(P>0.05). Conclusion: Humulus Lupulus L. extract significantly increased the seminal vesicle and testes weights and reduced the sperm motility.

Exposure to a 2.5 GHz Non-ionizing Electromagnetic Field Alters Hematological Profiles, Biochemical Parameters, and Induces Oxidative Stress in Male Albino Rats

Modern technology has witnessed milestone achievements in the telecommunication industry.However,the widespread application of telecommunication technology is believed to heighten electromagnetic field(EMF)‘pollution’in our environment[1]and subject living organisms to various sources of electromagnetic emissions.These emissions include;microwaves.

Suppression of spermatogenesis by testosterone undecanoate-loaded injectable in situ-forming implants in adult male rats

We have investigated the feasibility of administration of testosterone undecanoate （TU）-Ioaded injectable in situ-forming implant （ISFI） for contraception in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Male rats were treated with vehicle, TU-Ioaded ISFIs （540, 270 and 135 mg TU kg-1） or TU injections （45 mg TU kg-1 every 30 days） for 120 days. Fertility tests served for determining infertility or restoration of fertility in treated rats. Serum testosterone concentration, epididymal sperm count, motility, morphology, and histology of the testis were monitored. The TU-Ioaded ISFIs increased serum testosterone levels in rats steadily without fluctuation over 3 months. One month after TU administration, the epididymal sperm count decreased significantly in all experimental groups. After 3 months, the animals treated with 270 and 135 mg kg-~ TU-Ioaded ISFIs were 100% infertile, and no implantation sites were produced in the mated females. However, some of males treated with 540 mg kg-~ ISFI or TU injections were still fertile but numbers of implantation sites were also significantly lower than control values. TU-Ioaded ISFI at an appropriate dose has potential as a long-acting male contraceptive drug that suppresses spermatogenesis consistently over a period of 3 months.

富血小板血浆凝胶缓解CCI模型大鼠周围神经痛及其改善中枢海马组织炎性机制研究

目的建立大鼠坐骨神经慢性压迫损伤(CCI)模型,观察富血小板血浆凝胶(PRP)对CCI大鼠坐骨神经病理性疼痛进展期痛域的影响,并探讨其对中枢海马组织的抗炎作用机制。方法选择SPF级雄性SD大鼠50只,其中10只用于制备PRP,其余40只采用随机数表法分为空白对照组、假手术组、CCI组和CCI+PRP组,每组10只。比较各组大鼠在术前1 d、术后6 h、1 d、3 d、7 d足底机械性缩足反射阈值(MWT)和热辐射缩足潜伏期(TWL)变化;比较术后7 d时各组大鼠海马区肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)和高迁移率组蛋白1(HMGB1)及其下游Toll样受体-4(TLR4)、糖基化终产物受体(RAGE)mRNA表达水平。结果空白组与假手术组各时间点大鼠MMT和TWL比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);CCI组和CCI+PRP组大鼠术后MMT和TWL值与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);CCI组和CCI+PRP组大鼠术后各时间点MWT和TWL比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后7 d时,对照组和假手术组大鼠海马组织的TNF-α、IL-1β、HMGB1含量以及HMGB1、TLR4和RAGE mRNA表达水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),而CCI组和CCI+PRP组与对照组或假手术组比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后7 d时,CCI+PRP组与CCI组大鼠海马组织的TNF-α、IL-1β、HMGB1含量以及HMGB1、TLR4和RAGE mRNA表达水平比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论富血小板血浆可有效延缓CCI大鼠神经病理性疼痛进展期痛域,抑制中枢海马组织炎性反应,其机制可能与富血小板血浆通过HMGB1-TLR4/RAGE信号通路抑制TNF-α、IL-1β表达水平有关。

雄性大鼠性动机的检测方法与评价指标研究进展

性动机是指在有配偶时,发生性行为的可能或接近潜在性伴侣的意愿强度,对性健康具有重要意义。目前,性欲低下已成为日益突出的社会问题,但其检测评估尚无统一标准。本文系统梳理了雄性大鼠性动机的常用检测方法,包括雌雄交配类、竞争选择类和任务习得类三大类,同时论述相关评价指标及各种方法的优缺点,并深入探讨性动机的本质,阐述性接触行为是性动机的直接体现,建议相关研究重点关注接触行为,并需要区分性接近和社会性接近。

用野百合碱诱导的肺动脉高压雄性大鼠的右心室结构与功能变化

目的观测用野百合碱(monocrotaline,MCT)诱导的肺动脉高压(pulmonary arterial hypertension,PAH)雄性大鼠的右心室(right ventricle,RV)结构与功能变化情况,以进一步验证其诱发肺动脉高压的机制。方法将SD雄性大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组,每组12只。模型组大鼠接受单次40 mg·kg-1的MCT皮下注射。注射MCT第0周、2周、3周、4周末时检测超声心动图,评价右心室功能和右心室-肺动脉(RV-PA)耦合情况。注射MCT第4周时采用右心导管术检测大鼠平均肺动脉压(mPAP),取脏器并称重,计算脏器系数及右心室肥厚指数(RVHI);采用HE染色法观察肺小动脉病理形态学变化,计算管腔面积占血管总面积的百分比(WA%)、管壁厚度占血管外半径的百分比(WT%);采用HE、Masson染色法观察右心室心肌细胞的肥大程度和纤维化程度。结果与0周相比,2周时,模型组大鼠右心室游离壁厚度(RVFW)增加、平均肺动脉压(mPAP)升高(P<0.05),三尖瓣环平面收缩期位移(TAPSE),肺动脉加速时间(PA-AT)和右心室流出道速度时间积分(RVOT-VTI)及PAT/PET、TAPSE/mPAP降低(P<0.05);3周时,右心室内径(RVID)增加、TAPSE/PAT升高(P<0.05)。与对照组比,模型组大鼠mPAP、RVHI升高(P<0.05)。模型组大鼠肺小动脉管壁增厚,中膜平滑肌细胞增生,管腔狭窄,WA%、WT%升高(P<0.05);RV心肌细胞肥大,心肌纤维化(P<0.05)。模型组大鼠心、肺增大(P<0.05)。结论用MCT诱导的PAH雄性大鼠的右心室结构与功能均发生变化,导致肺动脉高压。

白藜芦醇对后肢去负荷雄性大鼠生殖损伤的对抗作用

为研究白藜芦醇对后肢去负荷雄性大鼠生殖损伤的对抗作用,将30只实验雄性大鼠随机分为安慰剂组(placebo control,PC)、后肢去负荷+安慰剂组(hind-limp unloading+placebo control,HU+PC)、后肢去负荷+白藜芦醇给药组(hind-limp unloading+Resveratrol,HU+Res).HU+Res组按隔天30 mg·kg^(–1)的剂量腹腔注射,PC组和HU+Res组腹腔注射等体积生理盐水.28 d后处死所有雄性大鼠,取睾丸和附睾,用于组织病理学检测、组织生化指标检测、组织蛋白表达分析.与PC组相比,HU+PC组雄性大鼠睾丸和附睾重量均显著下降,白藜芦醇可以显著改善这些指标;组织病理学结果显示,HU+PC组雄性大鼠睾丸组织生精上皮层数显著减少,细胞间质面积显著增大,出现明显的水肿,精原细胞数目明显减少,经白藜芦醇处理后,睾丸组织形态有部分恢复;氧化应激与炎症因子水平检测结果显示,与PC组相比,HU+PC组雄性大鼠睾丸组织氧化应激水平失衡,炎症因子水平明显升高,经白藜芦醇处理后,可以明显逆转这一有害情况;Western blot结果显示,白藜芦醇能显著降低HU+PC组大鼠睾丸组织Bax表达水平,提高Bcl-2,p-PI3K/PI3K,p-AKT/AKT表达水平,表明30 mg·kg^(–1)的白藜芦醇可能通过激活PI3K/AKT信号通路发挥对后肢去负荷雄性大鼠生殖损伤的对抗作用.