A Reputation-Based AODV Protocol for Blackhole and Malfunction Nodes Detection and Avoidance

Enhancing the security of Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)improves the usability of their applications.Therefore,finding solutions to various attacks,such as the blackhole attack,is crucial for the success of WSN applications.This paper proposes an enhanced version of the AODV(Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector)protocol capable of detecting blackholes and malfunctioning benign nodes in WSNs,thereby avoiding them when delivering packets.The proposed version employs a network-based reputation system to select the best and most secure path to a destination.To achieve this goal,the proposed version utilizes the Watchdogs/Pathrater mechanisms in AODV to gather and broadcast reputations to all network nodes to build the network-based reputation system.To minimize the network overhead of the proposed approach,the paper uses reputation aggregator nodes only for forwarding reputation tables.Moreover,to reduce the overhead of updating reputation tables,the paper proposes three mechanisms,which are the prompt broadcast,the regular broadcast,and the light broadcast approaches.The proposed enhanced version has been designed to perform effectively in dynamic environments such as mobile WSNs where nodes,including blackholes,move continuously,which is considered a challenge for other protocols.Using the proposed enhanced protocol,a node evaluates the security of different routes to a destination and can select the most secure routing path.The paper provides an algorithm that explains the proposed protocol in detail and demonstrates a case study that shows the operations of calculating and updating reputation values when nodes move across different zones.Furthermore,the paper discusses the proposed approach’s overhead analysis to prove the proposed enhancement’s correctness and applicability.

Malfunction Diagnosis of the GTCC System under All Operating Conditions Based on Exergy Analysis

After long-term operation,the performance of components in the GTCC system deteriorates and requires timely maintenance.Due to the inability to directly measure the degree of component malfunction,it is necessary to use advanced exergy analysis diagnosis methods to characterize the components’health condition(degree of malfunction)through operation data of the GTCC system.The dissipative temperature is used to describe the degree of malfunction of different components in the GTCC system,and an advanced exergy analysis diagnostic method is used to establish a database of overall operating condition component malfunctions in theGTCC system.Ebsilon software is used to simulate the critical parameters of the malfunctions of the GTCC system components and to obtain the changes in the dissipative temperature of different components.Meanwhile,the fuel consumption and economic changes of the GTCC system on a characteristic power supply day under health and malfunction conditions are analyzed.Finally,the effects of maintenance costs,electricity,and gas prices on maintenance expenses and profits are analyzed.The results show that the GTCC system maintenance profit is 6.07$/MWh,while the GTCC system maintenance expense is 5.83$/MWh.Compared with the planned maintenancemode,the malfunction maintenance mode saves 0.24$/MWh.Simultaneously,the maintenance coefficient of GTCC should be adjusted under different malfunctions to obtain a more accurate maintenance period.

Stability Study of Low Voltage Electrical Distribution Network: Audit and Improvement of DJEGBE Mini Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant in the Commune of OUESSE (Benin)

The supply of quality energy is a major concern for distribution network managers. This is the case for the company ASEMI, whose subscribers on the DJEGBE mini-power station network are faced with problems of current instability, voltage drops, and repetitive outages. This work is part of the search for the stability of the electrical distribution network by focusing on the audit of the DJEGBE mini photovoltaic solar power plant electrical network in the commune of OUESSE (Benin). This aims to highlight malfunctions on the low-voltage network to propose solutions for improving current stability among subscribers. Irregularities were noted, notably the overloading of certain lines of the PV network, implying poor distribution of loads by phase, which is the main cause of voltage drops;repetitive outages linked to overvoltage caused by lightning and overcurrent due to overload;faulty meters, absence of earth connection at subscribers. Peaks in consumption were obtained at night, which shows that consumption is greater in the evening. We examined the existing situation and processed the data collected, then simulated the energy consumption profiles with the network analyzer “LANGLOIS 6830” and “Excel”. The power factor value recorded is an average of 1, and the minimum value is 0.85. The daily output is 131.08 kWh, for a daily demand of 120 kWh and the average daily consumption is 109.92 kWh, or 83.86% of the energy produced per day. These results showed that the dysfunctions are linked to the distribution and the use of produced energy. Finally, we proposed possible solutions for improving the electrical distribution network. Thus, measures without investment and those requiring investment have been proposed.

Should Taking Advantage of A Malfunctioning ATM Warrant a Life Sentence?

Xu Ting could not believe his luck when he discovered the generous ATM in Guangzhou,

Remaining Useful Life Prediction With Partial Sensor Malfunctions Using Deep Adversarial Networks

In recent years,intelligent data-driven prognostic methods have been successfully developed,and good machinery health assessment performance has been achieved through explorations of data from multiple sensors.However,existing datafusion prognostic approaches generally rely on the data availability of all sensors,and are vulnerable to potential sensor malfunctions,which are likely to occur in real industries especially for machines in harsh operating environments.In this paper,a deep learning-based remaining useful life(RUL)prediction method is proposed to address the sensor malfunction problem.A global feature extraction scheme is adopted to fully exploit information of different sensors.Adversarial learning is further introduced to extract generalized sensor-invariant features.Through explorations of both global and shared features,promising and robust RUL prediction performance can be achieved by the proposed method in the testing scenarios with sensor malfunctions.The experimental results suggest the proposed approach is well suited for real industrial applications.

Gamma Photon Column Scanning of Prototype and Industrial Distillation Columns

Monte Carlo simulation of gamma photon transport and interaction with the distillation column and its contents was performed in order to predict the effects of gamma photons when they interact with matter. The results of the interaction and transport of gamma photons are presented as energy deposition on the distillation column and its contents. Energy attenuation was more pronounced on the column walls and trays as compared to the region between the trays, where there is mostly vapour space. Gamma column scanning was then used to verify the Monte Carlo simulation results by scanning and investigating the integrity of two laboratory prototype distillation and industrial distillation columns. One of the prototype distillation columns was 1 m tall with four trays and the other one was 1.8 m tall consisting of six trays and a packed bed. Commonly encountered distillation column malfunctions such as collapsed tray, weeping, flooding and foaming were simulated in the two prototype distillation columns and scanned. The industrial distillation column was a 26 m tall benzole prefractionator column, consisting of 60 single pass trays and a diameter of 0.8 m. A 10 mCi 60Co gamma radiation source and NaI(Tl) scintillation detector were used to scan the distillation columns. The results from the two prototypes showed that all the simulated malfunctions were clearly detected except for foaming. The results from industrial distillation column showed that all the trays were in their correct position although tray number 32 could be partially damaged and just below tray 41, the scan revealed that there was a loss of column wall thickness. The obtained density profile for the industrial distillation column showed some small variations from the expected density profile and this was attributed to external features on the distillation column and wind bursts that shifted the source and detector from the chosen scan line orientation.

Digital Transformation of Medical Maintenance at PSAFHM

In this research, the researchers addressed the issue of digital transformation and its impact on the development of medical maintenance, and this topic is very important in the field of medical engineering. The researchers chose the military Hospital in Medina as his study location. The study aimed to identify and address the main challenges facing the digital transformation of medical maintenance at the Military Hospital in Medina. It seeks to analyze the current state of digitalization in medical maintenance operations, identify areas requiring improvement, and propose effective strategies to overcome obstacles. The study will evaluate the impact of digital transformation on efficiency, cost-effectiveness, patient care, and overall operational performance. At the end of the research, the researchers reached several results, including that introducing digital systems and technologies into medical maintenance can increase efficiency in various aspects, such as scheduling equipment maintenance, inventory management, and resource allocation. Researchers may find evidence of reduced downtime, streamlined workflow, and optimized use of resources. In addition, digital transformation initiatives in medical maintenance may focus on ensuring the safety and reliability of medical equipment. Research can reveal improvements in equipment reliability, decreased equipment failure rates, and improved patient safety outcomes. The researchers also recommended developing a comprehensive strategy for digital transformation: Based on the research results, it is recommended to develop a well-defined strategy that defines the hospital’s vision, goals, and roadmap for the digital transformation of medical maintenance. This strategy should consider factors such as technology selection, resource allocation, timeline, and change management. Invest in a solid digital infrastructure: To support the digital transformation of medical maintenance, the hospital must invest in a reliable and secure digital infrastructure. This includes upgrading network capabilities, implementing cloud data storage and analysis platforms, and ensuring cybersecurity measures are in place.

风力发电机运行电控部分常见故障的分析与解决方法

针对风力发电机运行过程中出现的故障,分析故障产生的原因并提出解决方法。风力发电机;电控部分;故障;

Microglia activation mediated by toll-like receptor-4 impairs brain white matter tracts in rats

Microglia activation and white matter injury coexist after repeated episodes of mild brain trauma and ischemic stroke. Axon degeneration and demyelination can activate microglia; however, it is unclear whether early microglia activation can impair the function of white matter tracts and lead to injury. Rat corpus callosum（CC） slices were treated with lipopolysaccharide（LPS） or LPS ＋ Rhodobacter sphaeroides（RS）-LPS that is a toll-like receptor 4（TLR-4） antagonist. Functional changes reflected by the change of axon compound action potentials（CAPs） and the accumulation of β-amyloid precursor protein（β-APP） in CC nerve fibers. Microglia activation was monitored by ionized calcium binding adaptor-1 immunofluorescent stain, based on well-established morphological criteria and paralleled proportional area measurement. Input-output（I/O） curves of CAPs in response to increased stimuli were significantly downshifted in a dose-dependent manner in LPS（0.2, 0.5 and 1.0μg/mL）-treated slices, implying that axons neurophysiological function was undermined. LPS caused significant β-APP accumulation in CC tissues,reflecting the deterioration of fast axon transport. LPS-induced I/O curve downshift and P-APP accumulation were significantly reversed by the pre-treatment or co-incubation with RS-LPS. RS-LPS alone did not change the I/O curve.The degree of malfunction was correlated with microglia activation, as was shown by the measurements of proportional areas. Function of CC nerve fibers was evidently impaired by microglia activation and reversed by a TLP-4 antagonist, suggesting that the TLP-4 pathway lead to microglia activation.

Mitochondrial malfunction in vanishing white matter disease： a disease of the cytosolic translation machinery

Vanishing white matter （VWM） disease - a disease of the cytosolic translation machinery： VWM is a recessive genet- ic neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in any of the five genes encoding the subunits of translation initiation factor 2B （eIF2B） （Leegwater et al., 2001; OMIM 306896）.

电工技术实验装置常见故障的处理办法

电子科学技术的普及加快了社会的进步,科技的发展,促使人们的生活水平不断提高、工业技术的不断提高,推进人们社会的进步和发展,但电子技术的发展是需要一个长期的过程的,需要科学技术工作者不断的创新技术、革新方案、改进技术指标、加强技术准确性等相关技术问题,在电子工业技术中,人们往往通过实验装置来测通需要得到的测量值和测量标准,因此实验装置的好坏直接影响到电子技术工业设计水平的准确程度和是否可以又好又快的准确掌握电子技术的重要研究处理方式。本文将针对电子工业技术开发中,对实验装置的常见处理故障问题的处理方式和方法做简要的解释说明。

Unique presentation of Twiddler's syndrome

We present a rare case of Twiddler's syndrome diagnosed in an asymptomatic patient on a routine follow up.This case reiterates the need for frequent monitoring of the implanted device.In addition,it was detected 4 years after implantation of an automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator.This late representation is extremely uncommon.

Development of ground control station and path planning for autonomous MUAV

For autonomous MUAV,the Ground Control Station(GCS)including hardware and modular software programming such as control modular,navigation modular,display modular and monitor modular becomes important equipment to be developed.This paper emphasizes the global planning and the local replanning arithmetic based on three-dimensional velocity potential field for the moving threats.During the test on the ground and in the sky,GCS show the remote sensing information precisely and send the control command in time.The system can be used to assist in the function of autonomous complex task for MUAV.

Baosteel's No.8 air separation unit and the practice of its system commissioning

This paper introduces the process flow, technical parameters and relevant features of Baosteel＇s No. 8 air separation unit （ASU） with a capacity of 60000m^3/h. It summarizes the commissioning work, which includes the adjustment of the air compressor,the system＇s naked cooling,the precooling system and the operation adjustment. It also provides detailed analyses on some failures which occurred in the commissioning. Through the modification of the design and the interlocks, the tripping probability of the air compressor was greatly reduced. Through the heating of the system and the control of the water cooler＇s nitrogen flow,the overproof content of carbon dioxide and fluctuation of oxygen flow were avoided. Nitrogen-block in the argon system was eliminated by the precise control of the argon rectification flow and argon content. All these solutions have been proved to be effective by practice.

Early fault prediction and detection of hydrocephalus shunting system

Trends of various intracranial pressure (ICP) parameters for high pressure hydrocephalus patients are utilized to detect various shunt faults in their early stages, as well as, to monitor the effect of such faults on shunt performance. A method was proposed to predict the time required for ICP to be abnormal and for the valve to reach full blockage condition. Furthermore, an auto valve schedule updating method is proposed and used to temporarily deal with detected faults until the patient is checked up by his/her physician. The proposed algorithms were evaluated using numerical simulation.

Forearm Loss Caused by Automated Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Cuff Malfunction: A Hearsay Report

Failure of an automated blood pressure cuff to deflate when a patient is under general anesthesia can lead to catastrophic consequences if unnoticed for more than three hours [1]. We present this as a hearsay case in which an automated blood pressure cuff of the Spacelabs Ultraview Clinical Workstation monitor (model No. 90385) applied pressure for about five hours resulting in limb thrombosis. In order to analyze this catastrophe, simulation scenarios were tested to elucidate the possible errors and malfunctions that may have led to this injury. We present the analysis of the advantages and validity of the hearsay case report. We also include our proposed criteria that should be required when a hearsay case is considered for publication.

Surgical Outcome of Prosthetic Heart Valve Obstruction: Single Center Experience

Objective: Valve thrombosis defined as any thrombus not caused by infection attached to or near an operated valve that occludes part of the blood flow path and interferes with valve function. Treatment modalities are thrombolytic therapy, surgical thrombectomy and debridement, or re-replacement. The aim of this study is to review our experience in surgical thrombectomy and debridement for obstructed mechanical valve prosthesis, and the impact of the procedure on the outcome in comparison to re-replacement;Methods: The study was conducted retrospectively between 1995 to 2012 in Department of Cardiothoracic surgery, cardiology and internal medicine, Zagazig University Hospital. 92 patients with stuck valve were divided into two groups. Group (A): 54 patients with re replacement and Group (B): 38 patients treated by thrombectomy and debridement;Results: 92 patients with stuck valves the mean age was 38.4(±9.2), 68 male and 85 female in both groups. The large numbers of cases were mitral valve 35 (64.8%) patients in group A and 22 (57.9%) patients in group B, aortic malfunction in group A was 11 (20.4%)patients and 9 (23.7%) cases in group B, double valve malfunction was rare represent 8 (14.8%) and 7 (18.4%)cases in group A and group B respectively;Conclusion: We conclude that thrombectomy and debridement for malfunctioning mechanical valve is a safe, easy and rapid procedure to perform in some cases to avoid the risk of re replacement.

Stormwater Surface Solution in the Urban Planning

The traditional methods of storm sewers design must be supplemented by a precise and systematic analysis of the consequences of urbanization. This will ensure the reduction of the negative effects of urbanization in the process of stormwater sewer system normal functioning. As the urbanization of rural areas has been in constant progress, there was a need for the development of infrastructure system of urban planning documents that accompany urbanization. Surface storage appears to be one of the solutions that can have positive effects on the consequences of rapid urbanization in terms of preserving water quality of recipients, as well as opportunities to reduce the diameter of drain pipes downstream of surface storage. The necessary investments do not exceed the values of conventional technologies and procedures that are used for this purpose. The restriction of application of these methods is reflected in the limited space, especially in the smaller urban areas, where urbanization was a sudden and uncontrolled process. Future planning documents must contain alternatives like these, while the reservation of required space must be included in the planning documents in which the treatment of further development of the city will be found.

Simulating System for the Investigation of Mechanical Malfunctions Appeared in a Twin AC Drive Used in Cement Industry

In order to investigate the dynamic behavior, to study a variety of operational problems, to apply different control techniques and to suggest functional improvements of a high power electromechanical system, a pilot study on a low power laboratory simulating system is proposed in this paper. Particularly, to investigate operational problems of a twin AC drive with asynchronous machines used for cement kilns, an under-scale laboratory simulating system has been developed and experimental results are being presented in this research work.

Wall sheeting diagnosis in fluidized beds based on chaos analysis of acoustic emission signals

A novel method, based on acoustic emission (AE) techniques, for detecting agglomeration in fluidized beds is presented. Particle size characteristics are determined based on the principle that AE signals with different frequency band energies are emitted when particles of different sizes impact an internal wall. By applying chaotic analysis to the AE signals, the malfunction coefficients are well defined. Agglomeration in the fluidized bed can then be detected by the sudden variation of malfunction coefficients. AE signals were investigated in a laboratory scale heated fluidized bed and an industrial polyethylene fluidized bed. Experimental data showed that the malfunction coefficients increased with the growth of agglomeration. The results indicated that agglomeration in fluidized beds can be predicted and diagnosed effectively and precisely using AE techniques based on chaotic analysis.