Knowledge about crop growth processes in relation to N limitation is necessary to optimize N management in farming system. Plant-based diagnostic method, for instance nitrogen nutrition index （NNI） were used to dete...Knowledge about crop growth processes in relation to N limitation is necessary to optimize N management in farming system. Plant-based diagnostic method, for instance nitrogen nutrition index （NNI） were used to determine the crop nitrogen status. This study determines the relationship of NNI with agronomic nitrogen use efficiency （AEN）, tuber yield, radiation use efficiency （RUE） and leaf parameters including leaf area index （LAI）, areal leaf N content （NJ and leaf N concentration （N0. Potatoes were grown in field at three N levels： no N （N 1）, 150 kg N ha^-1 （N2）, 300 kg N ha^-1 （N3）. N deficiency was quantified by NNI and RUE was generally calculated by estimating of the light absorbance on leaf area. NNI was used to evaluate the N effect on tuber yield, RUE, LAI, NAL, and NL. The results showed that NNI was negatively correlated with AEN, N deficiencies （NNI〈 1） which occurred for N 1 and N2 significantly reduced LAI, NL and tuber yield; whereas the N deficiencies had a relative small effect on NAL and RUE. To remove any effect other than N on these parameters, the actual ratio to maximum values were calculated for each developmental linear relationships were obtained between NNI and tuber RUE to NNI. stage of potatoes. When the NNI ranged from 0.4 to 1, positive yield, LAI, NL, while a nonlinear regression fitted the response of展开更多
Dynamic resource allocation(DRA) is a key technology to improve system performances in GEO multi-beam satellite systems. And, since the cache resource on the satellite is very valuable and limited, DRA problem under r...Dynamic resource allocation(DRA) is a key technology to improve system performances in GEO multi-beam satellite systems. And, since the cache resource on the satellite is very valuable and limited, DRA problem under restricted cache resources is also an important issue to be studied. This paper mainly investigates the DRA problem of carrier resources under certain cache constraints. What's more, with the aim to satisfy all users' traffic demands as more as possible, and to maximize the utilization of the bandwidth, we formulate a multi-objective optimization problem(MOP) where the satisfaction index and the spectrum efficiency are jointly optimized. A modified strategy SA-NSGAII which combines simulated annealing(SA) and non-dominated sorted genetic algorithm-II(NSGAII) is proposed to approximate the Pareto solution to this MOP problem. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in terms of satisfaction index, spectrum efficiency, occupied cache, and etc.展开更多
The CO2 emission reduction policy of the International Maritime Organization(IMO)recommends that the operation of ships,managed by maritime transport companies,should be energy-efficient.An evaluation method that can ...The CO2 emission reduction policy of the International Maritime Organization(IMO)recommends that the operation of ships,managed by maritime transport companies,should be energy-efficient.An evaluation method that can determine how successfully a ship implements the energy efficiency plan is proposed in this study.To develop this method,the measures required for energy-efficient ship operations according to the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan(SEEMP)operational guidelines were selected.The weights of the selected measures,which indicate how they contribute to the energy-efficient operation of a ship,were derived using a survey based on the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)method.Consequently,using these measures and their weights,a new evaluation method was proposed.This evaluation method was applied to shipping companies in South Korea,and their ship operation energy efficiency indices were derived and compared.This evaluation method will be useful to the government and shipping companies in assessing the energy efficiency of ship operations.展开更多
This paper describes the characteristics of liquefied natural gas （LNG） carriers briefly. The LNG carrier includes power plant selection, vapor treatment, liquid cargo tank type, etc. Two parameters fuel substitutio...This paper describes the characteristics of liquefied natural gas （LNG） carriers briefly. The LNG carrier includes power plant selection, vapor treatment, liquid cargo tank type, etc. Two parameters fuel substitution rate and recovery of boil of gas （BOG） volume to energy efficiency design index （EEDI） formula are added, and EEDI formula of LNG carriers is established based on ship EEDI formula. Then, based on steam turbine propulsion device of LNG carriers, mathematical models of LNG carriers＇ reference line value are established in this paper. By verification, the EEDI formula of LNG carriers described in this paper can provide a reference for LNG carrier EEDI calculation and green shipbuilding.展开更多
To measure the carbon emission efficiency of China’s pharmaceutical manufacturing industry, explore the factors affecting the carbon emission efficiency of China’s pharmaceutical manufacturing industry, and provide ...To measure the carbon emission efficiency of China’s pharmaceutical manufacturing industry, explore the factors affecting the carbon emission efficiency of China’s pharmaceutical manufacturing industry, and provide reference for improving the carbon emission efficiency of China’s pharmaceutical manufacturing industry and promoting the government to formulate macro policies. Based on the data of the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in 30 provinces of China from 2010 to 2019, and based on the SBM model and ML (Malmquist-Luenberger) index model, the carbon emission efficiency of the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry was calculated and its dynamic change was investigated, and the Tobit model was further used to explore the influencing factors of the carbon emission efficiency of the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. The carbon emission efficiency of China’s inter-provincial pharmaceutical manufacturing industry has steadily improved. The carbon emission efficiency of the eastern region is higher than that of the western region, and that of the western region is higher than that of the central region. The eastern region is dominated by technological progress, and there is room for improvement in technological efficiency. The central and western regions are dominated by technological efficiency. Compared with technological efficiency, technological progress needs to be further improved. Environmental regulation, industrial agglomeration and technological innovation level positively affect carbon emission efficiency, while foreign investment level has no significant impact on carbon emission efficiency.展开更多
This paper uses an input-output table of China's provinces(2007-2016) to measure carbon emissions of these industries.It employs a Malmquist-Luenberger(ML) index with expected and undesired outputs,and an absolute...This paper uses an input-output table of China's provinces(2007-2016) to measure carbon emissions of these industries.It employs a Malmquist-Luenberger(ML) index with expected and undesired outputs,and an absolute β convergence and a conditional β convergence model,to conduct an in-depth analysis of dynamic changes and spatial convergence.Carbon emission efficiency of forest processing industries in 25 regions,including Shanghai,Chongqing,Zhejiang,and Jiangsu are increasing,whereas those of Tianjin,Liaoning,Heilongjiang,and Tibet are decreasing.The main contributing factors of carbon emission efficiency in three major regions vary over time.Further,carbon emission efficiency in the eastern,central,and western regions all have absolute β convergence and conditional β convergence,indicating that different regions are developing toward their own goals and industry,yet regions with lower efficiency are catching up with those where with more efficient strategies in place.Finally,this paper proposes according recommendations.展开更多
This paper improved the known study for technical progress in Malmquist productivity index calculating. In the method, all the possible movements for decision making units （DMUs） are listed, and the condition that s...This paper improved the known study for technical progress in Malmquist productivity index calculating. In the method, all the possible movements for decision making units （DMUs） are listed, and the condition that several DMUs lie on the productivity frontier is analyzed. The dynamic efficiencies of Chinese listed power companies from 1997 to 2006 were evaluated. The empirical results indicate that the improved method is effective.展开更多
The data envelopment analysis （DEA） is used to evaluate operation efficiency of 17 listed companies in China aviation industry from 2006 to 2011, and make longitudinal analysis for the operation efficiency. In addit...The data envelopment analysis （DEA） is used to evaluate operation efficiency of 17 listed companies in China aviation industry from 2006 to 2011, and make longitudinal analysis for the operation efficiency. In addition, the reason of changing efficiency is dynamically evaluated by Malmquist productivity index. The empirical results show that average operation efficiency of 17 listed companies in China aviation industry is less than 1, which means that the operation activities of aviation industry exist diseconomies characteristic, technological progress efficiency is a major influenced factor展开更多
Based on the beneficial trait which is from the two component traits of feed efficiency by price, a method for drawing up selection index to improve feed efficiency is discussed. The method avoids some troubles from d...Based on the beneficial trait which is from the two component traits of feed efficiency by price, a method for drawing up selection index to improve feed efficiency is discussed. The method avoids some troubles from directly selecting feed efficiency and settles the questions to draw up selection index for the kind of ratio traits simultaneously.展开更多
More than 10000 different types of ship ply the waters of Bangladesh all year round,but the performance of these ships in terms of CO2 emission is not known and regulations related to energy efficiency of inland water...More than 10000 different types of ship ply the waters of Bangladesh all year round,but the performance of these ships in terms of CO2 emission is not known and regulations related to energy efficiency of inland waterway ships remain nonexistent.This paper attempts to assess the present situation of inland class vessels in terms of Energy Efficiency Design Index(EEDI).With the use of a developed database of inland vessels in Bangladesh,EEDI reference lines for different types of inland vessels in Bangladesh were established and then compared with those of other countries.The present EEDI of existing inland vessels was investigated.Results indicate that most of the existing vessels do not meet the current EEDI baseline.Hence,new guidelines are necessary to achieve EEDI compliance in the near future.Some recommendations were proposed for improving CO2 emissions,with the socioeconomic and technical factors in Bangladesh taken into consideration.展开更多
The major cities of every country and region in the world play an important role in the process of global development.The assessment of the development efficiency of these core cities can help governments better under...The major cities of every country and region in the world play an important role in the process of global development.The assessment of the development efficiency of these core cities can help governments better understand their role in globalization and provide some useful information for policy makers.This paper evaluates the development efficiency of 35 major cities around the world during the period 2011-2020.The data used is the Global City Power Index(GPCI)released by the Mori Foundation of Japan,which evaluates each city in a total of 70 indicators from six dimensions:economy,research development(R&D),cultural exchange,livability,environment and accessibility.The development efficiency of the 35 global major cities is evaluated by using data envelopment analysis(DEA)to divide the six dimensions into input and output indexes.The change of development efficiency of the 35 global core cities during 2011-2020 is studied by using Malmquist index.It is found that the absolute strength of each city is not necessarily related to its development efficiency,and the change of development efficiency is affected by both technological efficiency and technological progress.展开更多
By providing higher in-use viscosity at elevated operating temperatures,hydraulic fluids with high viscosity index improve the efficiency of the hydraulic system.For mobile hydraulic equipment this efficiency can be q...By providing higher in-use viscosity at elevated operating temperatures,hydraulic fluids with high viscosity index improve the efficiency of the hydraulic system.For mobile hydraulic equipment this efficiency can be quantified as an increase in fuel economy.This paper reviews the research that demonstrates these efficiency advantages in gear,vane and piston pumps and presents a method for predicting the overall fuel economy for a fleet of hydraulic equipment in operation.Finally a `Maximum Efficiency Hydraulic Fluid’ performance definition is presented which will enable an equipment operator to easily improve the performance of the system and reduce fuel consumption.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program (2011BAD12B03)
文摘Knowledge about crop growth processes in relation to N limitation is necessary to optimize N management in farming system. Plant-based diagnostic method, for instance nitrogen nutrition index （NNI） were used to determine the crop nitrogen status. This study determines the relationship of NNI with agronomic nitrogen use efficiency （AEN）, tuber yield, radiation use efficiency （RUE） and leaf parameters including leaf area index （LAI）, areal leaf N content （NJ and leaf N concentration （N0. Potatoes were grown in field at three N levels： no N （N 1）, 150 kg N ha^-1 （N2）, 300 kg N ha^-1 （N3）. N deficiency was quantified by NNI and RUE was generally calculated by estimating of the light absorbance on leaf area. NNI was used to evaluate the N effect on tuber yield, RUE, LAI, NAL, and NL. The results showed that NNI was negatively correlated with AEN, N deficiencies （NNI〈 1） which occurred for N 1 and N2 significantly reduced LAI, NL and tuber yield; whereas the N deficiencies had a relative small effect on NAL and RUE. To remove any effect other than N on these parameters, the actual ratio to maximum values were calculated for each developmental linear relationships were obtained between NNI and tuber RUE to NNI. stage of potatoes. When the NNI ranged from 0.4 to 1, positive yield, LAI, NL, while a nonlinear regression fitted the response of
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project under Grant 2018ZX03001016
文摘Dynamic resource allocation(DRA) is a key technology to improve system performances in GEO multi-beam satellite systems. And, since the cache resource on the satellite is very valuable and limited, DRA problem under restricted cache resources is also an important issue to be studied. This paper mainly investigates the DRA problem of carrier resources under certain cache constraints. What's more, with the aim to satisfy all users' traffic demands as more as possible, and to maximize the utilization of the bandwidth, we formulate a multi-objective optimization problem(MOP) where the satisfaction index and the spectrum efficiency are jointly optimized. A modified strategy SA-NSGAII which combines simulated annealing(SA) and non-dominated sorted genetic algorithm-II(NSGAII) is proposed to approximate the Pareto solution to this MOP problem. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in terms of satisfaction index, spectrum efficiency, occupied cache, and etc.
基金support from the project titled "Development of Ship-handling and Passenger Evacuation Support System" funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries(South Korea-MOF)
文摘The CO2 emission reduction policy of the International Maritime Organization(IMO)recommends that the operation of ships,managed by maritime transport companies,should be energy-efficient.An evaluation method that can determine how successfully a ship implements the energy efficiency plan is proposed in this study.To develop this method,the measures required for energy-efficient ship operations according to the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan(SEEMP)operational guidelines were selected.The weights of the selected measures,which indicate how they contribute to the energy-efficient operation of a ship,were derived using a survey based on the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)method.Consequently,using these measures and their weights,a new evaluation method was proposed.This evaluation method was applied to shipping companies in South Korea,and their ship operation energy efficiency indices were derived and compared.This evaluation method will be useful to the government and shipping companies in assessing the energy efficiency of ship operations.
基金Foundation item： Supported by the National Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest （No.201003024）, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.51409042 No. 51209034）.
文摘This paper describes the characteristics of liquefied natural gas （LNG） carriers briefly. The LNG carrier includes power plant selection, vapor treatment, liquid cargo tank type, etc. Two parameters fuel substitution rate and recovery of boil of gas （BOG） volume to energy efficiency design index （EEDI） formula are added, and EEDI formula of LNG carriers is established based on ship EEDI formula. Then, based on steam turbine propulsion device of LNG carriers, mathematical models of LNG carriers＇ reference line value are established in this paper. By verification, the EEDI formula of LNG carriers described in this paper can provide a reference for LNG carrier EEDI calculation and green shipbuilding.
文摘To measure the carbon emission efficiency of China’s pharmaceutical manufacturing industry, explore the factors affecting the carbon emission efficiency of China’s pharmaceutical manufacturing industry, and provide reference for improving the carbon emission efficiency of China’s pharmaceutical manufacturing industry and promoting the government to formulate macro policies. Based on the data of the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in 30 provinces of China from 2010 to 2019, and based on the SBM model and ML (Malmquist-Luenberger) index model, the carbon emission efficiency of the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry was calculated and its dynamic change was investigated, and the Tobit model was further used to explore the influencing factors of the carbon emission efficiency of the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. The carbon emission efficiency of China’s inter-provincial pharmaceutical manufacturing industry has steadily improved. The carbon emission efficiency of the eastern region is higher than that of the western region, and that of the western region is higher than that of the central region. The eastern region is dominated by technological progress, and there is room for improvement in technological efficiency. The central and western regions are dominated by technological efficiency. Compared with technological efficiency, technological progress needs to be further improved. Environmental regulation, industrial agglomeration and technological innovation level positively affect carbon emission efficiency, while foreign investment level has no significant impact on carbon emission efficiency.
文摘This paper uses an input-output table of China's provinces(2007-2016) to measure carbon emissions of these industries.It employs a Malmquist-Luenberger(ML) index with expected and undesired outputs,and an absolute β convergence and a conditional β convergence model,to conduct an in-depth analysis of dynamic changes and spatial convergence.Carbon emission efficiency of forest processing industries in 25 regions,including Shanghai,Chongqing,Zhejiang,and Jiangsu are increasing,whereas those of Tianjin,Liaoning,Heilongjiang,and Tibet are decreasing.The main contributing factors of carbon emission efficiency in three major regions vary over time.Further,carbon emission efficiency in the eastern,central,and western regions all have absolute β convergence and conditional β convergence,indicating that different regions are developing toward their own goals and industry,yet regions with lower efficiency are catching up with those where with more efficient strategies in place.Finally,this paper proposes according recommendations.
文摘This paper improved the known study for technical progress in Malmquist productivity index calculating. In the method, all the possible movements for decision making units （DMUs） are listed, and the condition that several DMUs lie on the productivity frontier is analyzed. The dynamic efficiencies of Chinese listed power companies from 1997 to 2006 were evaluated. The empirical results indicate that the improved method is effective.
基金supported by the Humanities and Social Science Foundation of the Chinese Ministry of Education under Grant No.09YJA630133
文摘The data envelopment analysis （DEA） is used to evaluate operation efficiency of 17 listed companies in China aviation industry from 2006 to 2011, and make longitudinal analysis for the operation efficiency. In addition, the reason of changing efficiency is dynamically evaluated by Malmquist productivity index. The empirical results show that average operation efficiency of 17 listed companies in China aviation industry is less than 1, which means that the operation activities of aviation industry exist diseconomies characteristic, technological progress efficiency is a major influenced factor
文摘Based on the beneficial trait which is from the two component traits of feed efficiency by price, a method for drawing up selection index to improve feed efficiency is discussed. The method avoids some troubles from directly selecting feed efficiency and settles the questions to draw up selection index for the kind of ratio traits simultaneously.
文摘More than 10000 different types of ship ply the waters of Bangladesh all year round,but the performance of these ships in terms of CO2 emission is not known and regulations related to energy efficiency of inland waterway ships remain nonexistent.This paper attempts to assess the present situation of inland class vessels in terms of Energy Efficiency Design Index(EEDI).With the use of a developed database of inland vessels in Bangladesh,EEDI reference lines for different types of inland vessels in Bangladesh were established and then compared with those of other countries.The present EEDI of existing inland vessels was investigated.Results indicate that most of the existing vessels do not meet the current EEDI baseline.Hence,new guidelines are necessary to achieve EEDI compliance in the near future.Some recommendations were proposed for improving CO2 emissions,with the socioeconomic and technical factors in Bangladesh taken into consideration.
文摘The major cities of every country and region in the world play an important role in the process of global development.The assessment of the development efficiency of these core cities can help governments better understand their role in globalization and provide some useful information for policy makers.This paper evaluates the development efficiency of 35 major cities around the world during the period 2011-2020.The data used is the Global City Power Index(GPCI)released by the Mori Foundation of Japan,which evaluates each city in a total of 70 indicators from six dimensions:economy,research development(R&D),cultural exchange,livability,environment and accessibility.The development efficiency of the 35 global major cities is evaluated by using data envelopment analysis(DEA)to divide the six dimensions into input and output indexes.The change of development efficiency of the 35 global core cities during 2011-2020 is studied by using Malmquist index.It is found that the absolute strength of each city is not necessarily related to its development efficiency,and the change of development efficiency is affected by both technological efficiency and technological progress.
文摘By providing higher in-use viscosity at elevated operating temperatures,hydraulic fluids with high viscosity index improve the efficiency of the hydraulic system.For mobile hydraulic equipment this efficiency can be quantified as an increase in fuel economy.This paper reviews the research that demonstrates these efficiency advantages in gear,vane and piston pumps and presents a method for predicting the overall fuel economy for a fleet of hydraulic equipment in operation.Finally a `Maximum Efficiency Hydraulic Fluid’ performance definition is presented which will enable an equipment operator to easily improve the performance of the system and reduce fuel consumption.
