Measurement of Malondialdehyde as a Biomarker of Lipid Oxidation in Fish

Oxidative reactions are key part of the stress response in marine organisms, which are exposed to a wide variety of environmental stressors. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) occurs in response to oxidant attack, giving rise to unsaturated aldehydes as malondialdehyde (MDA), the main biomarker for LPO assessment. Levels of MDA are measured in biological samples of different fish matrices to determine the oxidative effect of physical or chemical agents, particularly represented by metals. The most used assay is the spectrophotometric determination of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) as MDA-TBA2 adduct. Selectivity is enhanced by separating the adduct by chromatographic methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography or by using alternative derivatization reagents. Because, in biological organism, MDA is found free or protein bound, the two forms should be measured, and the extraction procedures are a crucial step in the processing of the biological sample. This review focused on MDA determination procedures used to assess the effect of experimental and environmental stress induced in fish.

Perianal disease in inflammatory bowel disease:Broadening treatment and surveillance strategies for anal cancer

The perianal disease affects up to one-third of individuals with Crohn's disease(CD),causing disabling symptoms and significant impairment in quality of life,particularly for those with perianal fistulising CD(PFCD).The collaborative effort between gastroenterologists and surgeons is essential for addressing PFCD to achieve fistula closure and promote luminal healing.Limited fistula healing rates with conventional therapies have prompted the emergence of new biological agents,endoscopic procedures and surgical techniques that show promising results.Among these,mesenchymal stem cells injection is a particularly hopeful therapy.In addition to the burden of fistulas,individuals with perianal CD may face an increased risk of developing anal cancer.This underscores the importance of surveillance programmes and timely interventions to prevent late diagnoses and poor outcomes.Currently,there is no established formal anal screening programme.In this review,we provide an overview of the current state of the art in managing PFCD,including novel medical,endoscopic and surgical approaches.The discussion also focuses on the relevance of establishing an anal cancer screening programme in CD,intending to propose a risk-based surveillance algorithm.The validation of this surveillance programme would be a significant step forward in improving patient care and outcomes.

Evaluation of Plasma Malondialdehyde among Sudanese Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Background and objectives: Diabetes is a chronic multifactorial disease which requires a variety of strategies to reduce its epidemic. Type 2 diabetes (T2MD) is the most common form of diabetes which results from inefficiency of insulin secretion or resistance to insulin action, both of which lead to chronic hyperglycemia. Lipid peroxidation is an oxidative stress process that involve in T2DM complications. This study aimed to 1) determine plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as a biomarker for lipid peroxidation in Sudanese patients with T2DM, and 2) assess the associations between MDA and diabetes-related variables. Material and Methods: This case-control study was conducted from November 2022 to June 2023 at the National University, Sudan. It included 100 participants, of whom 50 were T2DM patients and 50 were healthy controls. Data on demographics, clinical characteristics, and biochemical markers (FBS, HbA1c, and MDA) were collected. The NycoCard HbA1c method and the GOD-POD Method were used for HbA1c and glucose measurement, respectively. MDA was determined by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances method. The data were analyzed using SPSS Version. Results: Significant differences were observed between T2DM patients and healthy controls in FBS (P = 0.000), HbA1c (P = 0.000), and MDA (P = 0.010), with T2DM patients exhibiting higher levels. The study revealed a strong positive correlation between MDA levels and the duration of diabetes (r = 0.69, P = 0.00), while other variables, including age, BMI, and glucose control, did not significantly correlate with MDA levels. Conclusion: Findings revealed elevated MDA levels in Sudanese T2DM patients, with a positive correlation between MDA and diabetes duration. These findings emphasize the importance of oxidative stress in T2DM pathogenesis and call for the need for targeted strategies to mitigate oxidative damage and improve diabetes care.

Anal Pathologies: What Management at the Reference Health Center of Bamako’s Commune V?

Anal pathologies are conditions affecting the anal margin and the anal canal. The aim of our study was to update data on anal diseases. Non-specific, it can reveal an emergency, a serious illness, a chronic disease or a benign condition. It was a prospective, descriptive and analytical study from April 2022 to March 2023, carried out in the hepato-gastroenterology unit of the Centre de Santé de Référence de la commune V du District de Bamako in Mali. Out of seven hundred and forty-nine (749) patients seen in consultation, 98 had anal pathology, i.e. a prevalence of 13.08%. The mean age was 40 ± 15.15 years and the sex ratio was 1.5. Hemorrhoidal disease and anal fissure were the most frequent pathologies in 66.4% and 24.4% of cases respectively. Medical treatment was initiated in 91.9% of patients with hemorrhoidal disease and 91.7% with anal fissure. Anal pathologies are common in young male patients. In our context, they are dominated by benign conditions.

A comparative study of acupuncture combined with rehabilitation gymnastics on postoperative anal function of lower rectal cancer

BACKGROUND From the anal function,inflammatory response and other indicators,acupuncture combined with rehabilitation gymnastics was applied to patients with cancer undergoing low resection,aiming to improve the prognosis of patients.AIM To explore the effects of acupuncture combined with rehabilitation gymnastics on anal function after lower rectal cancer surgery.METHODS From January 2020 to December 2022,128 patients who underwent rectal cancer surgery in the Department of Oncology of Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital were selected and divided into two groups using the random number table method,with 64 patients in each group.Patients in the control group were not treated with acupuncture or rehabilitation gymnastics and served as blank controls.Patients in the study group were treated with acupuncture and rehabilitation gymnastics from the 7th postoperative day.The anal incontinence scores,changes in serum interleukin-4,interleukin-6,and interleukin-10 Levels,and serum motilin,5-hydroxytryptamine,and vasoactive intestinal peptide levels were compared.RESULTS There were no significant differences in serum interleukin-4,interleukin-6,and interleukin-10 Levels between the groups before treatment(P>0.05).After treatment,these levels were better than those of the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the anal incontinence scores between the groups before and 7 d after surgery(P>0.05).Anal incontinence scores in the study group were lower than those in the control group at 14 d,21 d,and 28 d postoperatively(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in serum motilin,5-hydroxytryptamine,or vasoactive intestinal peptide levels between the groups before treatment(P>0.05).After treatment,these levels were higher in the study group than in the control group,and vasoactive intestinal peptide level was lower in the study group than in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Acupuncture combined with rehabilitation gymnastics can promote the recovery of anal function and reduce the inflammatory response in patients with lower rectal cancer after surgery.

Establishment of a surveillance program for anal cancer in Crohn's disease

This letter discusses the incidence of anal cancer among Crohn's disease(CD)-related malignancies.Patients with CD have been demonstrated to be at a higher risk of developing small bowel and colorectal cancers than healthy individuals.Although CD-associated anal cancer is relatively rare,patients with CD accom-panied by anal or perianal lesions are at increased risk of anal cancer.Addi-tionally,compared to ulcerative colitis,which is also an inflammatory disease,CD-related anal cancer is often detected at an advanced stage owing to the complexity of CD and is associated with a poor prognosis with frequent local recurrences.Therefore,the detection of early-stage cancer is crucial for improving the prognosis.However,the surveillance methods recommended for CD-related malignancies in the United States and Europe are similar to those for ulcerative colitis.They are not appropriate for detecting CD-related malignancies in the recto-anal region.Therefore,there is an urgent need for surveillance programs aimed at the early detection of malignant anorectal lesions in patients with CD.

Structured magnetic resonance imaging and endoanal ultrasound anal fistulas reporting template(SMART):An interdisciplinary Delphi consensus

BACKGROUND There is still considerable heterogeneity regarding which features of cryptoglandular anal fistula on magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and endoanal ultrasound(EAUS)are relevant to surgical decision-making.As a con-sequence,the quality and completeness of the report are highly dependent on the training and experience of the examiners.AIM To develop a structured MRI and EAUS template(SMART)reporting the minimum dataset of information for the treatment of anal fistulas.METHODS This modified Delphi survey based on the RAND-UCLA appropriateness for consensus-building was conducted between May and August 2023.One hundred and fifty-one articles selected from a systematic review of the lite-rature formed the database to generate the evidence-based statements for the Delphi study.Fourteen questions were anonymously voted by an interdisciplinary multidisciplinary group for a maximum of three iterative rounds.The degree of agreement was scored on a numeric 0–10 scale.Group consensus was defined as a score≥8 for≥80%of the panelists.RESULTS Eleven scientific societies(3 radiological and 8 surgical)endorsed the study.After three rounds of voting,the experts(69 colorectal surgeons,23 radiologists,2 anatomists,and 1 gastroenterologist)achieved consensus for 12 of 14 statements(85.7%).Based on the results of the Delphi process,the six following features of anal fistulas were included in the SMART:Primary tract,secondary extension,internal opening,presence of collection,coexisting le-sions,and sphincters morphology.CONCLUSION A structured template,SMART,was developed to standardize imaging reporting of fistula-in-ano in a simple,systematic,time-efficient way,providing the minimum dataset of information and visual diagram useful to refer-ring physicians.

Anal pruritus:Don’t look away

Anal pruritus is a common anorectal symptom that can significantly impair a patient’s quality of life,including their mental health.It can be one of the most difficult proctological conditions to treat.Patients often delay seeking medical attention,since it is an embarrassing but non-life-threatening situation.Pruritus ani can be associated with idiopathic and secondary causes,such as anorectal diseases,cancer(anal or colorectal),dermatological and sexually transmitted diseases,fungal infections and systemic diseases.If patients are referred for a colonoscopy,this can sometimes provide the first opportunity to evaluate the perianal area.Classifications of anal pruritus are based on the abnormalities of the perianal skin,one of the most commonly used being the Washington classi-fication.A proper digital anorectal examination is important,as well as an anoscopy to help to exclude anorectal diseases or suspicious masses.Endoscopists should be aware of the common etiologies,and classification of the perianal area abnormalities should be provided in the colonoscopy report.Information on treatment possibilities and follow-up can also be provided.The treatment normally consists of a triple approach:proper hygiene,elimination of irritants,and skin care and protection.Several topical therapies have been described as possible treatments,including steroids,capsaicin,tacrolimus and methylene blue intradermal injections.

High complex anal fistula managed by the modified transanal opening of the intersphincteric space via the inter-sphincteric approach:A case report

BACKGROUND High complex anal fistulas are epithelialized tunnels,with the main fistula piercing above the deep external sphincter and the internal opening approaching the dentate line.Conventional surgical procedures for high complex anal fistulas remove most of the external sphincter and damage the anorectal ring.Postoperative loss of anal function can cause physical and mental damage.Transanal opening of the intersphincteric space(TROPIS)is an effective procedure that completely preserves the external anal sphincter.However,its clinical application is limited by challenges in the localization of the internal opening of a fistula and the high risk of complications.On the basis of our clinical experience,we modified the TROPIS procedure for the treatment of treating high complex anal fistulas.CASE SUMMARY A patient with a high complex anal fistula located above the anorectal ring underwent modified TROPIS,which involved sepsis drainage and identification of the internal opening in the intersphincteric space.The patient with the high complex anal fistula recovered well postoperatively,without any postoperative complications or anal dysfunction.Anal function returned to normal after 17 months of follow-up.CONCLUSION The modified TROPIS procedure is the most minimally invasive surgery for anal fistulas that minimally impairs anal function.It allows the complete removal of infected anal glands and reduces the risk of postoperative complications.Modified TROPIS via the intersphincteric approach is an alternative sphincter-preserving treatment for high complex anal fistulas.

Evaluating the clinical application and effect of acupuncture therapy in anal function rehabilitation after low-tension rectal cancer surgery

BACKGROUND According to the indexes of serum and anal function,acupuncture therapy was applied to patients with low rectal cancer in order to avoid the occurrence of anal incontinence and reduce complications.AIM To explore the clinical application and evaluate the effect of acupuncture therapy for anal function rehabilitation after low-tension rectal cancer surgery.METHODS From the anorectal surgery cases,we selected 120 patients who underwent colorectal cancer surgery between January 2020 and December 2022 and randomly divided them into a control group(n=60),observation group(n=60),and control group after surgery for lifestyle intervention(including smoking cessation and exercise),dietary factor adjustment,anal movement,and oral loperamide treatment.The serum levels of motilin,5-hydroxytryptamine,and vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP),Wexner score for anal incontinence,and incidence of complications were compared between groups.RESULTS After treatment,the VIP and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The motilin level was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).Postoperative anal incontinence was better in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of complications in the observation group was 6.67%,which was significantly lower than that in the control group(21.67%;P<0.05).CONCLUSION Acupuncture therapy has a positive effect on the rehabilitation of anal function after low-tension rectal cancer surgery;it can effectively help to improve the serum indices of patients,avoid the occurrence of anal incontinence,and reduce the incidence of complications.Popularizing and applying it will be valuable.

Anal carcinoma-exploring the epidemiology,risk factors,pathophysiology,diagnosis,and treatment

Anal carcinoma is a relatively rare tumor that accounts for approximately 2%of gastrointestinal malignancies and less than 7%of anorectal cancers.Most anal tumors originate between the anorectal junction and the anal verge.Risk factors for the disease include human papillomavirus infection,human immunodeficiency virus,tobacco use,immunosuppression,female sex,and older age.The pathogenesis of anal carcinoma is believed to be linked to human papillomavirusrelated inflammation,leading to dysplasia and progression to cancer.Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of anal tumor,with an annual incidence of approximately 1 to 2 per 100000 persons.Treatment regarding anal cancer has emerged over time.However,chemoradiation therapy remains the mainstay approach for early localized disease.Patients with metastatic disease are treated with systemic therapy,and salvage surgery is reserved for disease recurrence following chemoradiation.This article aims to provide background information on the epidemiology,risk factors,pathology,diagnosis,and current trends in the management of anal cancer.Future directions are briefly discussed.

Clinical Study on the Treatment of Low Anal Fistula in Infants and Young Children by Anal Gland Excision and Virtual Hanging Procedure

Objective:To compare the efficacy of anal adenectomy with virtual hanging wire and anal fistulotomy in the treatment of low anal fistula in infants and children.Methods:60 children with low anal fistula who were admitted to our hospital from October 2021 to March 2022 and met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups of 30 cases each;the treatment group was treated with anal adenectomy and virtual hanging wire surgery,and the control group was treated with anal fistula resection.The clinical efficacy after treatment was compared.Results:The total effective rate of both groups was 96.67%and the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The postoperative pain score of the treatment group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).The length of hospitalization and healing time of the treatment group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).The anal function of the patients in both groups was normal,and there was no adverse reaction.Conclusion:Anal gland excision and virtual hanging surgery for the treatment of low anal fistula in infants and children have the advantages of mild pain,reduced length of hospitalization,short healing time,and better patient experience as compared to anal fistula excision.

A case study illustrating the use of an integrated approach to treat secondary Anal Fistula Post I&D of Perianal Abscess

Background:Anal fistula is a long-term disease characterized by a tubular structure with one end opening in the anorectal canal and the other end opening on the surface of the perineum or perianal skin with chronic pus drainage.It is linked to Bhagandar in Ayurveda,and in Sushruta Samhita,Acharya has mentioned 5 forms of Bhagandar.The boil in the present case was Shukla,sthira i.e.hard and firm,with Picchila strava and Kandu resembling the features of Parisraavi bhagandar.Aim and objective:The current case was diagnosed as Parisravi bhagandar,which resembles trans-sphincteric or intersphincteric fistula in modern ano.In Ayurveda,the management of Parisraavi Bhagandar,Shastra,kshara,and Agnikarma is advised and the use of Ksharasutra,which contributes to complete cutting and healing of the track without reoccurrence,similarly Modern surgeon depends on surgery i.e radical excision of the track,ligation with Seton,and use of chemical irritants like urethane,silver nitrates,etc.A cutting seton(tight)gently slices the confined muscle to close the fistula with the least interruption to continence.This operation is especially advised when a one-stage fistulotomy poses a considerable risk of incontinence.Material and methods:The method performed here was Core Partial Fistulectomy followed by Ksharasutra application till complete healing of the wound.Discussion and conclusion:This case study provides the successful management of Parisraavi Bhagandara(high anal,trans-sphincteric fistula in ano)in 61-year-old male patient with an integrated surgical&Ayurvedic management approach.

The Comparison of Contents of Malondialdehyde and Proline in the Area of Karst Area in Northweastern Guangxi Province

[Objective] To select excellent pioneer species of better ecological and economical comprehensive benefits from the common rock hill plants in Karst area in northwestern Guangxi Province.[Method] Determine the contents of malondialdehyde and proline in leaves of 65 strains of plants by thiobarbituric acid method and sultosalicylic acid method,analyze the relevance of the contents of malondialdehyde and proline by mathematics statistics and analyze the 65 kinds of rock hill plants by clustering [Result] The contents of malondialdehyde and proline are 0.005 2-0.038 1 μmol/g.There are comparably significant differences in the contents of malondialdehyde in different plants;The determination of proline contents in plant＇s leaves are 4.347-374.956 μg/ml.There are also significant differences in proline of different leaves of rock hill plants.The contents of malondialdehyde and proline can be used as a reference point in selecting pioneer plants in Karst area.But when we select the pioneer plants,not only the biological characters of the species themselves should be taken into consideration,but also the differences of Karst area environment,ecological and biological benefits and the reasonable distribution of species.[Conclusion] Pistacia chinensis,Zenia insignis,Acacia confusa,Itoa orientalis and Sophora japonica can be used as the first choices of excellent pioneer plants in Karst area in northwestern area which comparably consists with the real situation of afforestation of rock hills and recovery of plants in Guangxi.

Mapping of QTLs for Leaf Malondialdehyde Content Associated with Stress Tolerance in Rice

Malondialdehyde （MDA） is the final product of lipid peroxidation, and MDA content can reflect the stress tolerance of plants. To map QTLs conditioning the MDA content in rice leaves, a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population with 247 lines derived from an indica-indica cross Zhenshan 97BxMilyang 46, and a linkage map consisting of 207 DNA markers were used. The RIL population showed a transgressive segregation in the MDA content of rice leaves. Two QTLs for the MDA content in rice leaves were detected in the intervals RG532-RG811 and RG381-RG236 on chromosome 1, with the additive effects from maternal and paternal parents, accounting for 4.33% and 4.62% of phenotype variations, respectively.

Changes of c-fos, Malondialdehyde and Lactate in Brain Tissue after Global Cerebral Ischemia under Different Brain Temperatures

Summary： Under global cerebral ischemia, the effect of different brain temperature on cerebral ischemic injury was studied. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normothermic （37-38℃） ischemia, mild hypothermic （31 32℃） ischemia, hyperthermic （41-42℃） ischemia and sham-operated groups. Global cerebral ischemia was established using the Pulsinelli four-vessel occlusion model and brain temperature was maintained at defined level for 60 min after 20omin ischemia. The expression of c-fos protein and the levels of malondialdehyde （MDA） and lactate in brain regions were detected by immunochemistry and spectrophotometrical methods, respectively. C-fos positive neurons were found in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex after cerebral ischemia reperfusion. Mild hypothermia increased the expression of c-fos protein in both areas, whereas hyperthermia decreased the expression of c-los protein in the hippocampus at 24 h reperfusion, and the cerebral cortex at 48 h reperfusion when compared to normothermic conditions. In normothermic, mild hypothermic and hyperthermic ischemia groups, the levels of MDA and lactate in brain tissue were increased at 24, 48 and 72 h reperfusion fol- lowing 20-min ischemia as compared with the sham-operated group （P〈0.01）. The levels of MDA and lactate in mild hypothermic group were significantly lower than those in normothermic group （P〈0.01）. It is suggested that brain temperature influences the translation of the immunoreactive protein product of c-fos after global cerebral ischemia, and MDA and lactate are also affected by hypothermia and hyperthermia.

Changes in Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Malondialdehyde(MDA) Content of Rice with Blast Resistance Induced by Ag-antibiotic 702

The paper was to explore the effect of rice blast resistance induced by Ag-antibiotic 702 on antioxidant enzyme activities and malondialdehyde（ MDA）content. At three-leaf and one-heart stage of Luliangyou 996,15 μg/mL Ag-antibiotic 702 was sprayed,while Validamycin and distilled water were sprayed as positive control and negative control,respectively. The antioxidant enzyme（ SOD,POD,PPO,CAT and PAL） activities and malondialdehyde（ MDA） content in rice leaves were determined every 24 h within 168 h post spraying. Compared with CK,the MDA content and activities of the five antioxidant enzymes increased in Agantibiotic 702 treatment,Validamycin treatment and M. grisea inoculation treatment. The MDA content and SOD,CAT and POD activities in Ag-antibiotic 702 treatment were significantly higher than those in M. grisea inoculation treatment in early stage,and the APX and LOX activities increased more remarkably and rapidly. The induction effect of Ag-antibiotic 702 could reach or exceed that of Validamycin treatment. Ag-antibiotic 702 enhanced the resistance to rice blast because MDA content and antioxidant enzymes activities were improved in rice leaves. Therefore,the increase of rice blast resistance induced by Ag-antibiotic 702 in rice was positively correlated with the increase of MDA content and antioxidant enzymes activities in rice leaves.

Increased plasma malondialdehyde and fructosamine in anemic H pylori infected patients:Effect of treatment

AIM： TO unravel the possible association of malondialdehyde （MDA） and fructosamine in anemic H pylori infected patients and to observe the alteration in MDA and fructosamine levels in these patients after treatment for one month. METHODS： Fructosamine, MDA and glucose were estimated in 22 anemic H pylori infected patients and 16 healthy controls. Hematological parameters were also evaluated in both the groups using Sysmex-K-100 automated cell counter. The H pylori infected patients were randomly divided into two groups. Hpylori infected patients in Group Ⅰ received both iron supplementation and anti-H pylori therapy, while patients in Group Ⅱ received only iron supplementation. All the biochemical and hematological parameters were estimated after one month of treatment. RESULTS： In anemic H pylori infected patients, while MDA （5.41 ± 2.16 vs 2.26 ± 0.50; P 〈 0.05） and fructosamine （2.64 ± 0.93 vs 1.60 ± 0.35; P 〈 0.05） were significantly increased, iron （32.72 ± 14.93 vs 110.25 ± 26.58; P 〈 0.05）, hemoglobin （6.9 ± 2.6 vs 12.66 ± 0.74; P 〈 0.05） and ferritin （28.82 ± 16.27 vs 140.43 ± 30.72; P 〈 0.05） levels were significantly decreased compared with the controls. With partial correlation analysis, fructosamine was found to have a significant positive correlation with MDA. In Group I, while MDA level decreased significantly （3.11 ± 1.73 vs 5.50 ± 2.46; P 〈 0.05）, there was a significant increase in iron （84.09 ± 29.51 vs 36.09 ± 17.81; P 〈 0.05）, hemoglobin （10.40 ± 1.11 vs 7.42 ± 1.90; P 〈 0.05） and ferritin （116.91 ± 63.34 vs 30.46 ± 17.81; P 〈 0.05） levels after one month. There was no significant change in the levels of fructosamine in group Ⅰ after treatment. Similarly, no significant alterations were noted in the levels of IDA, fructosamine, hemoglobin or ferritin in Group Ⅱ patients after one month of treatment. CONCLUSION： An increased level of fructosamine and MDA was found in anemic H pylori infected patients. Present data supports the premise that lipid peroxides per se do play a role in the glycation of plasma proteins. Furthermore, the findings from this study indicate that treatment for both anemia and H pylori infections is required for lowering the levels of lipid peroxides in these patients.

Effect of in ovo ghrelin administration on serum malondialdehyde level in newly-hatched chickens

Objective:To investigate effects of in ovo ghrelin administration on serum malondialdehyde(MDA)level in newly-hatched chickens.Methods:Fertilized eggs were divided into 7 groups:group Tl as control(without injection),group T2(in ovo injected with 50 ng/egg ghrelin on day 5),group T3(in ovo injected with 100 ng/egg ghrelin on day 5),group T4(in ovo injected with 50 ng/egg ghrelin on day 10),group T5(in ovo injected with 100 ng/egg ghrelin on day 10),group T6(in ovo injected with solvent:1%acetic acid,without ghrelin on day 5)and group T7(in ovo injected with solvent without ghrelin on day 10).After hatching,serum MDA concentrations were determined.Results:Chrelin administrated groups(T2,T3,T4 and T5)had lower serum MDA level in comparison with control group(T1)or solvent injected groups(T6 and T7).T2 and T3(ghrelin injection on day 5)had significantly lower MDA concentrations(4.10 and 4.60 nmol/mL,respectively)in comparison with other groups.In T4 and T5,MDA levels were lower than T1,T6 and T7(non-ghrelin administrated groups)(9.53 and 9.50 in comparison with 10.73,10.03 and 10.13 nmol/mL)and were higher than T2and T3.Conclusions:It can be concluded that in ovo administration of ghrelin can have antioxidative protection and reduce serum MDA level.Ghrelin administration on day 5 of incubation is more efficient.

Regulation of Content of Malondialdehyde by Siqi Decoction via Increasing Activity of Superoxide Dismutase in Blood Serum of Rats with Myocardial Ischemia

Effect of Siqi decoction on myocardial ischemia is to prevent cardiac myocyte membrane from damage associated with oxygen free radicals related to NO. To research the regulatoin of the content of malondialdehyde by Siqi decoction, an index of lipid peroxidation, via increasing activity of superoxide dismutase in blood serum of rats with Myocardial Ischemia, the model of myocardium ischemia was made in Wistar rats with posterior pituitary injection through vein in tail. Siqi decoction, Diaoxinxuekang（DK） and Fufangdanshenpian（FD）, the latter two drugs of which are effective TCM drugs of anti-myocardial ischemia at present, were administrated to the rats with myocardium ischemia for 5 days to compare the effect of them on myocardium ischemia as reference drugs via measuring the changes of the content of malondialdehyde and the activity of superoxide dismutase in the rat blood serum with myocardial ischemia. There were a remarkable increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase and a decrease in the content of malondialdehyde in the serum of the rats administered Siqi decoction compared with those of the rats in control group, p〈0.05. The contents of MDA in the serum of the prevention group rats in the experiments are lower than those of the cure group rats. Anti-Myocardium Ischemia mechanism of Siqi decoction is the regulation of the content of malondialdehyde via increasing activity of superoxide dismutase in the serum of Rats with myocardial ischemia and stimulating the activity of NOS in serum so as to increase NO concentration.