Background/Purpose: Poor glycemic control in Nigeria necessitates assessment and standardization of diabetes care. This study aimed to assess real-world management of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and ty...Background/Purpose: Poor glycemic control in Nigeria necessitates assessment and standardization of diabetes care. This study aimed to assess real-world management of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in Nigeria. Methods: This cross-sectional phase of the seventh wave of International Diabetes Management Practices Study, conducted between 22<sup>nd</sup> August and 30<sup>th</sup> September 2016, included adults with T1DM or T2DM during a two-week recruitment period. Results: Of 304 people with T2DM, 187 received oral glucose lowering drugs (OGLDs) only;88 received OGLDs + insulin;27 received insulin only. Metformin + sulfonylureas (128/187;68.45%) and premix only (76/115;66.09%) were the most used OGLD and insulin regimens respectively. Of 77 people with TIDM, all received insulin;six (7.79%) received OGLDs. Insulin initiation was noted around five years after diabetes diagnosis in T2DM (diabetes duration: 8.69 + 7.16 years;duration of insulin treatment: 3.17 ± 4.49 years). Proportion of people achieving glycemic targets (HbA1c Conclusion: Early insulinization and subsidized healthcare can improve long-term diabetes outcomes in Nigeria.展开更多
Funds gap management, as the key point of interest rate management, has become a major approach to prevent financial crisis. This paper presents three ways of how to control the funds gap from the points of improving ...Funds gap management, as the key point of interest rate management, has become a major approach to prevent financial crisis. This paper presents three ways of how to control the funds gap from the points of improving exterior environment, enhancing the supervision for central government to commercial banks and improving the internal control of the commercial banks.展开更多
文摘Background/Purpose: Poor glycemic control in Nigeria necessitates assessment and standardization of diabetes care. This study aimed to assess real-world management of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in Nigeria. Methods: This cross-sectional phase of the seventh wave of International Diabetes Management Practices Study, conducted between 22<sup>nd</sup> August and 30<sup>th</sup> September 2016, included adults with T1DM or T2DM during a two-week recruitment period. Results: Of 304 people with T2DM, 187 received oral glucose lowering drugs (OGLDs) only;88 received OGLDs + insulin;27 received insulin only. Metformin + sulfonylureas (128/187;68.45%) and premix only (76/115;66.09%) were the most used OGLD and insulin regimens respectively. Of 77 people with TIDM, all received insulin;six (7.79%) received OGLDs. Insulin initiation was noted around five years after diabetes diagnosis in T2DM (diabetes duration: 8.69 + 7.16 years;duration of insulin treatment: 3.17 ± 4.49 years). Proportion of people achieving glycemic targets (HbA1c Conclusion: Early insulinization and subsidized healthcare can improve long-term diabetes outcomes in Nigeria.
文摘Funds gap management, as the key point of interest rate management, has become a major approach to prevent financial crisis. This paper presents three ways of how to control the funds gap from the points of improving exterior environment, enhancing the supervision for central government to commercial banks and improving the internal control of the commercial banks.
