Assessing Financial Management Practices and Accounting Mechanisms in Agricultural Cooperatives:A Case Study From Nepal

The study focuses on assessing the financial management practices and accounting mechanisms in agricultural cooperatives in Tulsipur Sub-Metropolitan,Dang District,Nepal with a focus on understanding their implications for financial performance and organizational effectiveness.The sample size of total cooperatives(n=46)was divided into Savings and Credit Cooperatives(n=18)and Multipurpose Cooperatives(n=28),respectively,with a total number of respondents(n=138)categorized into managing directors,employees,and general members.Using a mixed-methods approach that combines quantitative analysis of financial data with qualitative insights gathered through interviews and surveys,the study emphasizes the importance of modern financial practices,improved reporting mechanisms,and relevant staff training for long-term sustainability.Recommendations include the integration of criteria and evaluation tools to assess cooperative performance,with Hamro Pahunch Multipurpose Cooperative identified as a high performer.Emphasizing the need for robust financial management strategies to navigate the complexity of the agricultural sector,manage risks,and achieve sustainable development,the study notes frequent preparation of financial management reports on a monthly and annual basis,and predominantly annual accounting management.Most cooperatives are using computerized models to present financial positions,but face challenges such as lack of marketing infrastructure,cooperative skills,and technical support.Ultimately,the study advocates for educating policy makers,cooperative leaders,practitioners and stakeholders on the role of effective financial management and accounting in enhancing the resilience,expansion and socio-economic impact of agricultural cooperatives,thereby fostering their long-term prosperity and viability as drivers of rural development and empowerment.

Analysis of Internal Control Management Problems in Hospital Finance and Accounting

This paper outlines the internal control management of hospital accounting and finance,introducing its concept,importance,and objectives.It then analyzes the problems existing in the internal control management of hospital accounting and finance,including an unsound management system,insufficient system implementation,inadequate risk assessment and control capabilities,poor information communication,weak internal supervision,and uneven personnel quality.The reasons for these problems are also analyzed,including outdated management concepts,irrational organizational structures,imperfect training and incentive mechanisms,low levels of information technology,and changes in the external environment.This paper proposes improvement measures for the internal control management of hospital accounting,including enhancing the management system,strengthening system implementation,improving risk assessment and control capabilities,enhancing the information communication mechanism,strengthening internal supervision,improving personnel quality,advancing information technology,and adapting to changes in the external environment.

Research on the Path of Transition from Financial Accounting to Management Accounting Under the Background of Big Data

Driven by the wave of big data,the traditional financial accounting model faces an urgent need for transformation,as it struggles to adapt to the complex requirements of modern enterprise management.This paper aims to explore the feasible path for transitioning enterprise financial accounting to management accounting in the context of big data.It first analyzes the limitations of financial accounting in the era of big data,then highlights the necessity of transitioning to management accounting.Following this,the paper outlines the various challenges that may arise during this transition and,based on the analysis,proposes a series of corresponding transition strategies.These strategies aim to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for enterprises seeking a smooth transition from financial accounting to management accounting.

Repealing the LIFO Inventory Accounting Choice? A Review of LIFO and Inventory Management

Researchers in the disciplines of both Operations and Accounting have studied Inventory Management, though in relative isolation. In this paper, one of our goals is to help inform researchers in Operations Management about an extensively debated question in inventory accounting: whether to repeal the LIFO (Last-In-First-Out) inventory accounting choice? This question has received extensive scrutiny from various stakeholders including academics, businesses, and different levels of governmental agencies such as US Congress. Specifically, we provide a literature review on how LIFO affects and is affected by inventory management. This is done by first reviewing the potential determinants of LIFO inventory accounting choice and then reviewing potential interactions between LIFO and inventory management. It is our hope that this review will help stakeholders have a more comprehensive understanding of LIFO before making their decisions.

Application Strategy of Management Accounting in Financial Management of Colleges and Universities

In recent years,application of management accounting has been gaining a lot of attention.The positive role of management accounting in financial management has also been widely recognized.After the official implementation of new government accounting system,environment and situation for financial management in colleges and universities are different from that in the past.In addition to adjustment according to relevant requirements,financial management of colleges and universities are also required to carry out trial application of management accounting.Through analysis of application of management accounting in financial management of some colleges and universities,it can be found that application of management accounting is not being carried out well and is restricted by many difficult factors.This paper will analyze the difficulties of application of management accounting in financial management of colleges and universities,and put forward suitable suggestions for better application of management accounting.

Integration of Accounting and Statistics in Financial Management of Financial Bureau

The Financial Bureau is a functional department responsible for the expenditure management of local units.It not only undertakes the responsibility of formulating and revising the financial management system,but also supervises the strict implementation of the financial system by local units.The efficient operation of the Financial Bureau can ensure the smooth progress of local work and provide assistance for local economic development.Currently,with the rapid economic development,all government departments are carrying out system reform and innovation of working methods to improve the work efficiency and make up for the deficiencies in the work.Accounting and statistics are the key links throughout the financial management work of the Financial Bureau.With the continuous innovation of the management system of the Financial Bureau,accounting and statistics will be more closely integrated.

Discussion on the Enhanced Accounting Supervision System of Financial Management

Accounting supervision is a management activity to monitor and supervise the production, business operation, and budget implementation in enterprises, and a good accounting supervision plays an extremely important role in the social and economic development. In China, there are many accounting supervision problems in accounting practice at present, and a lot of the problems have exerted a negative impact on the social and economic life. Therefore, the causes for these problems are discussed and analyzed, so that the corresponding methods and measures are proposed for solving the existing problems and promoting the accounting supervision to play a better and greater role in the financial management of enterprises.

Discussion on the Enhanced Accounting Supervision System of Financial Management

Accounting supervision is a management activity to monitor and supervise the production, business operation, and budget implementation in enterprises, and a good accounting supervision plays an extremely important role in the social and economic development. In China, there are many accounting supervision problems in accounting practice at present, and a lot of the problems have exerted a negative impact on the social and economic life. Therefore, the causes for these problems are discussed and analyzed, so that the corresponding methods and measures are proposed for solving the existing problems and promoting the accounting supervision to play a better and greater role in the financial management of enterprises.

The Impact of International Accounting Standards Board （IASB）＇s Guidelines for Preparing Management Commentary （MC）： Evidence From Italian Listed Firms

This paper investigates the Italian firms＇ disclosure in response to the new guidance on the management commentary （MC） contained in the International Financial Reporting Standard （IFRS） practice statement issued by International Accounting Standards Board （IASB） in 2010. The study is organized as follows. After reviewing the relevant literature on financial disclosure and MC, this paper examines the content of the Italian management＇s report-----known as ＂Relazione sulla Gestione＂ and that of the recent IASB＇s IFRS practice statement. Hence, it applies a self-constructed disclosure index and a multiple correspondence analysis （MCA） on MC of a sample of 66 Italian non-financial listed firms. The results show that the level of disclosures provided by the Italian listed firms does not seem to be affected by the IASB＇s guidelines. However, the survey highlights large differences in the level and type of disclosure provided in MC among the sectors and firms. This paper aims to contribute to the financial reporting debate by understanding the IASB＇s guidelines and their impacts on the voluntary disclosure practices of Italian listed firms.

The Development Trend of Management Accounting

＂The more development of the economy, the more important of the accounting＂ is a Chinese accounting profession maxim It represents the people＇s general recognition for the value of accounting work, especially in today＇s economic globalization.As an universal business language, accounting＇ s significance is more popular. However, the ＂accounting＂ tend to focus more on the financial accounting and ignore the management accounting. Indeed, compared to the development of financial accounting, management accounting＇ s development is lagging behind. But this does not mean that management accounting is not important. Management accounting uses related information to reconcile the financial and business activities, and plays an important role in decision-making and performance evaluation,as well as in the enterprise budget.

Talk about the necessity and realistic significance of the separation between the financial accounting and tax accounting

The tax accounting and financial accounting＇ s different target, different legal basis, different accounting principles as well as the different time of recognition between incomes and expenses will result in significant differences between accounting income and taxable income. We think that drawing on the experience of the United States and other countries to establish the specialized accounting theory and methods, the implementation of tax accounting and financial accounting separation is an inevitable requirement. Whether the financial accounting and tax accounting should be separated, of which the key lies in the degree of difference and coordinability between accounting income and taxable income. We believe that from our tax system, financial system and the history and current status of the development of accounting systems perspective, it do not exist realistic necessity of the separation between the tax accounting and the financial accounting.

Building a New Socialist Countryside, Improving Commission and Agent System of “Village-level Accounting”

Rural finance is an issue concerned with rural people, improving rural financial management is important to close the relations of cadres and masses, maintain rural stability, and promote rural economic development. This article explained the main problems of village financial, the needs of introducing commission and agent system of ＂village-level accounting＂ for building a new socialist countryside, and the measures of improving commission and agent system of ＂village-level accounting＂.

Review on the Development of Human Resource Accounting in China

A review through the origination, development and prospect of Human resource accounting (HRA) is presented based on the study of plentiful literatures about it. HRA is defined as an accounting procedure and method to discriminate and measure the data of human resources, aiming to provide information which is concerned with the change of human resources for the outside people to serve human resource management. It is experiencing a nearly frozen period following its hot time in 1970s after its origination in America in 1960s. The theoretic foundation of HRA is classical plutonomy dated back to 17th century. There were two preeminent persons in the history of HRA. One was Theodore Schultz who established his human capital theory relating education that improves the human capital value with economy; the other was Eric G.FIamholtz who enriched the concept, research methods and application of HRA. In China, the research on HRA started in 1980s beginning with introducing overseas achievements. Multiple views coexist in the academy on whether human resources should be taken as accounting assets and on where to put the HRA information in financial statements. The application of HRA is constrained by the absence of full-blown theories and methodological systems about it as well as difficulties in evaluating human resources and the obstacle of conventional understandings. However, with the conning of intellective economy, the globalization of competition and the entry of China into WTO, the day of HRA will surely come.

The Audit Opinion of Earnings Management in Listed Companies of China

The paper testes the relationship between audit opinions and financial sensitive zones and accounts on the basis of the data of A-share companies in China. The author finds that when ROE of listed companies is in the small-profit zone or in the large-loss zone, the probabilities that they get modified audit opinions increase. But the right-offering zone, accrual accounts and accounts below the line have no significant effects on the modified audit opinions. Besides, the author also finds that the ratio of accounts receivable to asset, debt ratio, previous year＇s audit opinion and change of CPA firms have significant positive effects on the modified audit opinions, while the ratio of major business revenue and size of companies have no notable effects. Some other factors such as cash ratio, age of the listing and CPA firm ranking have no consistent and continuous effects.

The Impact of Switching Standard on Accounting Quality

In a developing country, modernization and change of the accounting regime are possible if the standards are in compliance with global ones. The change of accounting standards adopted by Turkey started to be implemented, and this created a number of qualitative and quantitative results. This study examines the impact of change of accounting standards on accounting quality. In order to determine how switching standard reflects accounting quality, first of all, the earnings management, timely loss recognition, and value relevance variables pertaining to accounting quality were listed and the findings were stated after subjecting the obtained data to statistical analyses. Accordingly, by the transition to International Financial Reporting Standards （IFRS）, the earnings management practices were observed to decrease as compared with the pre-IFRS period and the timely loss recognition and value-relevance values were observed to increase, which constitute the dimensions of accounting quality. It was also concluded that by the switch from domestic accounting standards to International Accounting Standards （IAS）, the quality of accounting in the country was improved and the market became more active than it was before.

Accounting and the ＂Doctor-Manager Relationship＂

The adoption of the ＂new public management＂ in the hospital sector brought about greater presence and power to professional managers in hospitals, thus increasing the risk of conflict in the doctor-manager relationship. Aiming to enrich the discussion on the factors that could be the bases for this conflict and considering the role of accounting, the study presented here corresponds, basically, to what we call ＂content analysis＂ of qualitative studies. The results demonstrate that the Portuguese doctors as the sample studied accept, in essence, the principles of enterprise management and recognize the use of accounting information in the scope of their functions as long as they are called to participate as legitimate actors, and authorities respect their desires to preserve a practice which they consider of quality.

The application of industrial accounting in corporate finance industry

In the increasingly fierce market competition, economic efficiency of enterprises is the fundamental for enterprise＇ s development and survival; accounting plays an important role in enterprise management. The appearance of accounting industry is to meet the economic needs of management within the organization and gradually developed, its main functions is to improve operating efficiency and to establish and provide a variety of data and information, such as internal management needs. Based on this, the paper makes an analysis about the role that industry accounting play for corporate financial management in China.

区块链赋能企业财务共享模式:应收账款管理

针对财务共享模式下应收账款管理中存在的信息共享不及时、票据处理效率低、甄别客户信用手段落后、交易信息可验证性弱的问题,本文基于业务财务、共享财务和战略财务三层职能框架,应用区块链的P2P网络广播技术、智能合约和共识机制技术,重构了财务共享模式下应收账款管理的系统框架,并从技术原理与业务流程两方面探讨了区块链赋能应收账款管理的实现路径。提出了从财务三层职能框架整体视角推进区块链技术的应用,对应收账款管理流程进行优化,以及基于区块链的财务生态系统建设等建议,为财务共享模式下全面提升应收账款管理效能提供了借鉴。

公立医院预算绩效管理问责对预算绩效的影响机制研究

为解决公立医院预算管理缺乏预算和管理底层逻辑支撑而导致预算责任不明、绩效管理流于形式等现实问题,本文基于社会交换理论,聚焦于公立医院预算绩效管理问责,从责任标准、执行、激励、监督四个维度构建结构方程模型,对这一重要管理举措影响预算绩效的机制展开研究。228份公立医院预算参与人员的问卷数据结果证实:(1)公立医院预算绩效管理问责能够有效提升预算绩效,其中责任激励的软性引导作用相对更明显;(2)公立医院预算绩效管理问责有利于建立高质量的员工-组织关系,其中社会交换关系的作用效果相对优于经济交换关系的作用效果;(3)员工-组织关系在预算绩效管理问责大幅提升预算绩效的过程中发挥中介作用。这为我国公立医院更好地围绕共同目标开展预算绩效管理提供了实践指导,实现绩效管理“事半功倍”。