Taking the Technical Specifications of Eco-environmental Quality Assessment enacted by the State Environmental Protection Administration in 2006 as the conceptual framework model and improving some indices and weights...Taking the Technical Specifications of Eco-environmental Quality Assessment enacted by the State Environmental Protection Administration in 2006 as the conceptual framework model and improving some indices and weights in the regulation,the eco-environmental assessment index system for Manas River Basin was established,and the eco-environmental quality index (EQI) of this basin from 1976 to 2005 was assessed based on the related data.The results indicated that the ecological quality index increased to 48.26 from 34.44 during 1976-2005.The biologic abundance index,vegetation coverage index and land deterioration index decreased,while there was an increase in water reticulation density index,environmental quality index and pollution load index,so the improvement and deterioration of the ecological environment coexisted in the basin.On the whole,the poor state of the basin ecological environment had turned into a general state,and the eco-environmental quality was developed towards favorable circle.The results also showed that the improved calculating method of EQI accorded with the actual situation of the research area.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to study the effect of agricultural land reform on cotton cultivation in Manasi, XinJiang based on reformed farmers. [Method] Rural land contract management rights transfer of rural household...[Objective] The paper was to study the effect of agricultural land reform on cotton cultivation in Manasi, XinJiang based on reformed farmers. [Method] Rural land contract management rights transfer of rural household in Manasi County of Xinjiang Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture were surveyed in August, 2011. Based on the survey data, the paper analyzed the effect of agricultural land reform on cotton culti- vation from 2 aspects of cotton cultivation scale and benefit, and also studied the willingness of farmers for agricultural land reform. [Result] The main obstacle for farmer＇s unwillingness of continuous land reform for cotton cultivation was that the cotton cultivation risk was big, and the benefit could not be guaranteed. The agricul- tural land area per household increased after agricultural land reform, which increased the modernization progress of cotton cultivation. It also increased the benefit of cotton cultivation, and further affected the benefit of cotton cultivation. [Conclusion] The study provided reference for improving scale cotton cultivation efficacy in Xinjiang.展开更多
【目的】探明新疆玛纳斯河流域植被净初级生产力(NPP)的时空变化规律及其影响因素。【方法】基于MODIS遥感数据以及地形、气象因子和人类活动数据,运用Slope趋势分析、相关分析和地理探测器,分析玛纳斯河流域2001—2021年NPP的时空变化...【目的】探明新疆玛纳斯河流域植被净初级生产力(NPP)的时空变化规律及其影响因素。【方法】基于MODIS遥感数据以及地形、气象因子和人类活动数据,运用Slope趋势分析、相关分析和地理探测器,分析玛纳斯河流域2001—2021年NPP的时空变化特征及其驱动因素。【结果】2001—2021年,玛纳斯河流域年平均NPP为125.63 g C/(m^(2)·a),2008年最低,为98.80 g C/(m^(2)·a),2016年最高,为163.98 g C/(m^(2)·a),NPP呈年际上升趋势。玛纳斯河流域NPP的空间分布格局呈北部和南部区域低而中部区域高的特征,近63.84%的区域NPP呈增加趋势,其中26.98%的区域NPP显著增加(P<0.05);19.31%的区域NPP显著下降(P<0.05)。NPP随着高程和坡度的增加呈上升趋势,最高值出现在玛纳斯河流域的低山林草区;NPP与气温和降水呈正相关。各因子对NPP的影响程度由高到低依次为高程>土地利用>降水>坡度>GDP>气温>人口密度>夜间灯光,其中高程与土地利用的交互作用对NPP的影响最大。【结论】玛纳斯河流域NPP存在明显的时空分异特征,高程、土地利用以及降水对NPP的时空分布格局具有重要影响。展开更多
How snow cover changes in response to climate change at different elevations within a mountainous basin is a less investigated question. In this study we focused on the vertical distribution of snow cover and its rela...How snow cover changes in response to climate change at different elevations within a mountainous basin is a less investigated question. In this study we focused on the vertical distribution of snow cover and its relation to elevation and temperature within different elevation zones of distinct climatology, taking the mountainous Manasi River Basin of Xinjiang, Northwest China as a case study. Data sources include MODIS 8-day snow product, MODIS land surface temperature(LST) data from 2001 to 2014, and in situ temperature data observed at three hydrological stations from 2001 to 2012. The results show that:(1) the vertical distribution of snow areal extent(SAE) is sensitive to elevation in low(<2100 m) and high altitude(>3200 m) regions and shows four different seasonal patterns, each pattern is well correspondent to the variation of temperature.(2) The correlation between vertical changes of the SAE and temperature is significant in all seasons except for winter.(3) The correlation between annual changes of the SAE and temperature decreases with increasing elevation, the negative correlation is significant in area below 4000 m.(4) The snow cover days(SCDs) and its long-term change show visible differences in different altitude range.(5) The long-term increasing trend of SCDs and decreasing trend of winter temperature have a strong vertical relation with elevation below 3600 m. The decreasing trend of SCDs is attributed to the increasing trend of summer temperature in the area above 3600 m.展开更多
新疆天山北麓玛纳斯河流域冬、春季积雪覆盖,高山冰川发育,是我国西北干旱区的典型流域,其冰雪融水对北疆工农业生产和生态环境具有重要意义.近五年来,在流域开展5次科学考察、积雪常规观测和星地同步观测,利用GF-1PMS(Panchromatic and...新疆天山北麓玛纳斯河流域冬、春季积雪覆盖,高山冰川发育,是我国西北干旱区的典型流域,其冰雪融水对北疆工农业生产和生态环境具有重要意义.近五年来,在流域开展5次科学考察、积雪常规观测和星地同步观测,利用GF-1PMS(Panchromatic and Multi-Spectral)和WFV(Wide Field of View)、HJ-1CCD(Charge-Coupled Device)和IRS(Infrared Scanner)等国产高分光学遥感数据和C波段RADARSAT-2、ENVISAT ASAR等合成孔径雷达数据,探索山区复杂地形条件下的综合辐射校正方法,建立积雪识别模型获取积雪覆盖范围、积雪表面类型和积雪干湿状况,建立积雪参数反演模型获取雪粒径、雪深和雪水当量,分析流域积雪变化特征与雪盖衰退过程,进行流域融雪径流模型的参数率定、模拟与预报,为流域水资源合理利用与调配提供科学依据.展开更多
基金Supported by National Key Technology R&D Program (2007BAC17B01)Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program) (2009CB825100)
文摘Taking the Technical Specifications of Eco-environmental Quality Assessment enacted by the State Environmental Protection Administration in 2006 as the conceptual framework model and improving some indices and weights in the regulation,the eco-environmental assessment index system for Manas River Basin was established,and the eco-environmental quality index (EQI) of this basin from 1976 to 2005 was assessed based on the related data.The results indicated that the ecological quality index increased to 48.26 from 34.44 during 1976-2005.The biologic abundance index,vegetation coverage index and land deterioration index decreased,while there was an increase in water reticulation density index,environmental quality index and pollution load index,so the improvement and deterioration of the ecological environment coexisted in the basin.On the whole,the poor state of the basin ecological environment had turned into a general state,and the eco-environmental quality was developed towards favorable circle.The results also showed that the improved calculating method of EQI accorded with the actual situation of the research area.
基金Supported by National Social Science Fundation(10BJY063)Key Project of University Scientific Research in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XJEDU2011I26)~~
文摘[Objective] The paper was to study the effect of agricultural land reform on cotton cultivation in Manasi, XinJiang based on reformed farmers. [Method] Rural land contract management rights transfer of rural household in Manasi County of Xinjiang Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture were surveyed in August, 2011. Based on the survey data, the paper analyzed the effect of agricultural land reform on cotton culti- vation from 2 aspects of cotton cultivation scale and benefit, and also studied the willingness of farmers for agricultural land reform. [Result] The main obstacle for farmer＇s unwillingness of continuous land reform for cotton cultivation was that the cotton cultivation risk was big, and the benefit could not be guaranteed. The agricul- tural land area per household increased after agricultural land reform, which increased the modernization progress of cotton cultivation. It also increased the benefit of cotton cultivation, and further affected the benefit of cotton cultivation. [Conclusion] The study provided reference for improving scale cotton cultivation efficacy in Xinjiang.
文摘【目的】探明新疆玛纳斯河流域植被净初级生产力(NPP)的时空变化规律及其影响因素。【方法】基于MODIS遥感数据以及地形、气象因子和人类活动数据,运用Slope趋势分析、相关分析和地理探测器,分析玛纳斯河流域2001—2021年NPP的时空变化特征及其驱动因素。【结果】2001—2021年,玛纳斯河流域年平均NPP为125.63 g C/(m^(2)·a),2008年最低,为98.80 g C/(m^(2)·a),2016年最高,为163.98 g C/(m^(2)·a),NPP呈年际上升趋势。玛纳斯河流域NPP的空间分布格局呈北部和南部区域低而中部区域高的特征,近63.84%的区域NPP呈增加趋势,其中26.98%的区域NPP显著增加(P<0.05);19.31%的区域NPP显著下降(P<0.05)。NPP随着高程和坡度的增加呈上升趋势,最高值出现在玛纳斯河流域的低山林草区;NPP与气温和降水呈正相关。各因子对NPP的影响程度由高到低依次为高程>土地利用>降水>坡度>GDP>气温>人口密度>夜间灯光,其中高程与土地利用的交互作用对NPP的影响最大。【结论】玛纳斯河流域NPP存在明显的时空分异特征,高程、土地利用以及降水对NPP的时空分布格局具有重要影响。
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41271353
文摘How snow cover changes in response to climate change at different elevations within a mountainous basin is a less investigated question. In this study we focused on the vertical distribution of snow cover and its relation to elevation and temperature within different elevation zones of distinct climatology, taking the mountainous Manasi River Basin of Xinjiang, Northwest China as a case study. Data sources include MODIS 8-day snow product, MODIS land surface temperature(LST) data from 2001 to 2014, and in situ temperature data observed at three hydrological stations from 2001 to 2012. The results show that:(1) the vertical distribution of snow areal extent(SAE) is sensitive to elevation in low(<2100 m) and high altitude(>3200 m) regions and shows four different seasonal patterns, each pattern is well correspondent to the variation of temperature.(2) The correlation between vertical changes of the SAE and temperature is significant in all seasons except for winter.(3) The correlation between annual changes of the SAE and temperature decreases with increasing elevation, the negative correlation is significant in area below 4000 m.(4) The snow cover days(SCDs) and its long-term change show visible differences in different altitude range.(5) The long-term increasing trend of SCDs and decreasing trend of winter temperature have a strong vertical relation with elevation below 3600 m. The decreasing trend of SCDs is attributed to the increasing trend of summer temperature in the area above 3600 m.
文摘新疆天山北麓玛纳斯河流域冬、春季积雪覆盖,高山冰川发育,是我国西北干旱区的典型流域,其冰雪融水对北疆工农业生产和生态环境具有重要意义.近五年来,在流域开展5次科学考察、积雪常规观测和星地同步观测,利用GF-1PMS(Panchromatic and Multi-Spectral)和WFV(Wide Field of View)、HJ-1CCD(Charge-Coupled Device)和IRS(Infrared Scanner)等国产高分光学遥感数据和C波段RADARSAT-2、ENVISAT ASAR等合成孔径雷达数据,探索山区复杂地形条件下的综合辐射校正方法,建立积雪识别模型获取积雪覆盖范围、积雪表面类型和积雪干湿状况,建立积雪参数反演模型获取雪粒径、雪深和雪水当量,分析流域积雪变化特征与雪盖衰退过程,进行流域融雪径流模型的参数率定、模拟与预报,为流域水资源合理利用与调配提供科学依据.
