All-optical format conversion between non-return-to-zero(NRZ)and the Manchester code is implemented by using an optical exclusive-OR(XOR)logic gate based on a semiconductor optical amplifier Mach-Zehnder Interferomete...All-optical format conversion between non-return-to-zero(NRZ)and the Manchester code is implemented by using an optical exclusive-OR(XOR)logic gate based on a semiconductor optical amplifier Mach-Zehnder Interferometer(SOA-MZI).There is 10 Gbit/s all-optical NRZ-to-Manchester conversion implemented in our simulation system and BER performance of the format conversion is investigated.Transmission performances of the converted Manchester coded signal are discussed in terms of transmission length and received optical power.展开更多
Objective. To assess the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of 8-to 12-year-old children undergoing therapy for cancer or childhood-cancer survivors by using the Minneapolis-Manchester Quality of Life-Youth Form(MM...Objective. To assess the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of 8-to 12-year-old children undergoing therapy for cancer or childhood-cancer survivors by using the Minneapolis-Manchester Quality of Life-Youth Form(MMQL-YF),a comprehensive,multidimensional self-report instrument with demonstrable reliability and validity. Design,Setting,and Patients. The MMQL-YF consists of 32 items comprising 4 scales:physical functioning,psychologic functioning,physical symptoms,and outlook on life. Scoring on the MMQL ranges from 1 to 5; 5 indicates maximal HRQL. An overall quality-of life (QOL) score is also computed. By using a cross-sectional study design,the MMQL-YF was administered to 90 off-therapy cancer survivors,72 children with cancer undergoing active therapy,and 481 healthy children without a history of cancer or other chronic disease. Results. Compared with healthy controls,children actively undergoing cancer treatment report low overall QOL,physical functioning,and outlook-on-life scores. However,off-therapy survivors report a superior overall QOL,compared with age-matched healthy controls. Conclusions. Young survivors of childhood cancer report a favorable HRQL relative to healthy controls. These results are reassuring,suggesting that this group of survivors may have been too young to encounter some of the negative psychosocial impacts of cancer and its treatment.展开更多
We investigate the nonlinear behaviors of light recognized as chaos during the propagation of Gaussian laser beam inside a nonlinear polarization maintaining and absorption reducing （PANDA） ring resonator system. It...We investigate the nonlinear behaviors of light recognized as chaos during the propagation of Gaussian laser beam inside a nonlinear polarization maintaining and absorption reducing （PANDA） ring resonator system. It aims to generate the nonlinear behavior of light to obtain data in binary logic codes for transmission in fiber optics communication. Effective parameters, such as refractive indices of a silicon waveguide, coupling coefficients （~）, and ring radius ring （R）, can be properly selected to operate the nonlinear behavior. Therefore, the binary coded data generated by the PANDA ring resonator system can be decoded and converted to Manchester codes, where the decoding process of the transmitted codes occurs at the end of the transmission link. The simulation results show that the original codes can be recovered with a high security of signal transmission using the Manchester method.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 60977002.
文摘All-optical format conversion between non-return-to-zero(NRZ)and the Manchester code is implemented by using an optical exclusive-OR(XOR)logic gate based on a semiconductor optical amplifier Mach-Zehnder Interferometer(SOA-MZI).There is 10 Gbit/s all-optical NRZ-to-Manchester conversion implemented in our simulation system and BER performance of the format conversion is investigated.Transmission performances of the converted Manchester coded signal are discussed in terms of transmission length and received optical power.
文摘Objective. To assess the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of 8-to 12-year-old children undergoing therapy for cancer or childhood-cancer survivors by using the Minneapolis-Manchester Quality of Life-Youth Form(MMQL-YF),a comprehensive,multidimensional self-report instrument with demonstrable reliability and validity. Design,Setting,and Patients. The MMQL-YF consists of 32 items comprising 4 scales:physical functioning,psychologic functioning,physical symptoms,and outlook on life. Scoring on the MMQL ranges from 1 to 5; 5 indicates maximal HRQL. An overall quality-of life (QOL) score is also computed. By using a cross-sectional study design,the MMQL-YF was administered to 90 off-therapy cancer survivors,72 children with cancer undergoing active therapy,and 481 healthy children without a history of cancer or other chronic disease. Results. Compared with healthy controls,children actively undergoing cancer treatment report low overall QOL,physical functioning,and outlook-on-life scores. However,off-therapy survivors report a superior overall QOL,compared with age-matched healthy controls. Conclusions. Young survivors of childhood cancer report a favorable HRQL relative to healthy controls. These results are reassuring,suggesting that this group of survivors may have been too young to encounter some of the negative psychosocial impacts of cancer and its treatment.
基金Universiti Teknolog,Malaysia(UTM),and the IDF for their financial support
文摘We investigate the nonlinear behaviors of light recognized as chaos during the propagation of Gaussian laser beam inside a nonlinear polarization maintaining and absorption reducing （PANDA） ring resonator system. It aims to generate the nonlinear behavior of light to obtain data in binary logic codes for transmission in fiber optics communication. Effective parameters, such as refractive indices of a silicon waveguide, coupling coefficients （~）, and ring radius ring （R）, can be properly selected to operate the nonlinear behavior. Therefore, the binary coded data generated by the PANDA ring resonator system can be decoded and converted to Manchester codes, where the decoding process of the transmitted codes occurs at the end of the transmission link. The simulation results show that the original codes can be recovered with a high security of signal transmission using the Manchester method.
