Mental state verbs(MSVs)are believed to be closely related with the development of Theory of Mind(ToM).Studies on MSVs have yielded fruitful results abroad over the past three decades,especially in ToM,while it still ...Mental state verbs(MSVs)are believed to be closely related with the development of Theory of Mind(ToM).Studies on MSVs have yielded fruitful results abroad over the past three decades,especially in ToM,while it still has a long way to go for the Mandarin-speaking children.The present study focuses on mental state verbs in Mandarin-speaking children and explores the universality of ToM,as well as the development features.An analysis of their spontaneous speech from the CHILDES archives reveals,first,that Mandarin-speaking children use desire terms much earlier than other terms,suggesting a pattern of theory-of-mind development similar to that in English;second,the developmental trend of the MSVs is relatively steady while the number of different categories varies a lot.This study suggests a consistency in the overall sequence,but variation in the timing of beginning and end points,which is helpful to further related investigation.展开更多
The purpose of the present study was two-fold:(1)to examine whether Mandarin-speaking children with cochlear implants(CIs)show distinctive durational and amplitude features for the four lexical tones in their tone pro...The purpose of the present study was two-fold:(1)to examine whether Mandarin-speaking children with cochlear implants(CIs)show distinctive durational and amplitude features for the four lexical tones in their tone production;(2)to compare the durational and amplitude patterns of Mandarin lexical tones in monosyllables produced in citation form by children with CIs with those by age-matched normal-hearing(NH)children.The participants included 14 prelingually deafened Mandarin-speaking children with CIs and 14 NH children,all aged between 2.9 and 8.3 years old.Each participant produced five CV syllables(fa/fa/,fu/fu/,pi/phi/,xu/y/,ke/kh/)in four tones through a tone drill activity.The vowel duration and root-mean-squared amplitude values at nine equidistant time locations over the vowel duration were obtained.The results revealed that the children with CIs produced distinctive durational and amplitude features for the four lexical tones.Their durational pattern and amplitude contours were highly similar to the NH children on tones 1,2 and 4 but differed from the NH children on tone 3.These findings suggested that the children with CIs may utilize the secondary features of tone duration and amplitude to realize tonal differences.展开更多
基金sponsored by Hunan Provincial Graduate Scientific Research and Innovation Project(Number:CX20210140)Independent Exploration and Innovation Program of Central South University(Number:2021zzts0450)。
文摘Mental state verbs(MSVs)are believed to be closely related with the development of Theory of Mind(ToM).Studies on MSVs have yielded fruitful results abroad over the past three decades,especially in ToM,while it still has a long way to go for the Mandarin-speaking children.The present study focuses on mental state verbs in Mandarin-speaking children and explores the universality of ToM,as well as the development features.An analysis of their spontaneous speech from the CHILDES archives reveals,first,that Mandarin-speaking children use desire terms much earlier than other terms,suggesting a pattern of theory-of-mind development similar to that in English;second,the developmental trend of the MSVs is relatively steady while the number of different categories varies a lot.This study suggests a consistency in the overall sequence,but variation in the timing of beginning and end points,which is helpful to further related investigation.
文摘The purpose of the present study was two-fold:(1)to examine whether Mandarin-speaking children with cochlear implants(CIs)show distinctive durational and amplitude features for the four lexical tones in their tone production;(2)to compare the durational and amplitude patterns of Mandarin lexical tones in monosyllables produced in citation form by children with CIs with those by age-matched normal-hearing(NH)children.The participants included 14 prelingually deafened Mandarin-speaking children with CIs and 14 NH children,all aged between 2.9 and 8.3 years old.Each participant produced five CV syllables(fa/fa/,fu/fu/,pi/phi/,xu/y/,ke/kh/)in four tones through a tone drill activity.The vowel duration and root-mean-squared amplitude values at nine equidistant time locations over the vowel duration were obtained.The results revealed that the children with CIs produced distinctive durational and amplitude features for the four lexical tones.Their durational pattern and amplitude contours were highly similar to the NH children on tones 1,2 and 4 but differed from the NH children on tone 3.These findings suggested that the children with CIs may utilize the secondary features of tone duration and amplitude to realize tonal differences.
