Clinical prediction scores predicting weaning failure from invasive mechanical ventilation:Role and limitations

Invasive mechanical ventilation(IMV)has become integral to modern-day critical care.Even though critically ill patients frequently require IMV support,weaning from IMV remains an arduous task,with the reported weaning failure(WF)rates being as high as 50%.Optimizing the timing for weaning may aid in reducing time spent on the ventilator,associated adverse effects,patient discomfort,and medical care costs.Since weaning is a complex process and WF is often multifactorial,several weaning scores have been developed to predict WF and aid decision-making.These scores are based on the patient's physiological and ventilatory parameters,but each has limitations.This review highlights the current role and limitations of the various clinical prediction scores available to predict WF.

Application of fiberoptic bronchscopy in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during sequential weaning of invasive-noninvasive mechanical ventilation

BACKGROUND:Early withdrawal of invasive mechanical ventilation(IMV) followed by noninvasive MV(NIMV) is a new strategy for changing modes of treatment in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD) with acute respiratory failure(ARF).Using pulmonary infection control window(PIC window) as the switch point for transferring from invasive to noninvasive MV,the time for early extubation can be more accurately judged,and therapy efficacy can be improved.This study aimed to prospectively investigate the clinical effectiveness of fiberoptic bronchscopy(FOB) in patients with AECOPD during sequential weaning of invasive-noninvasive MV.METHODS:Since July 2006 to January 2011,106 AECOPD patients with ARF were treated with comprehensive medication and IMV after hospitalization.Patients were randomly divided into two groups according to whether fiberoptic bronchoscope is used(group A,n=54) or not(group B,n=52) during sequential weaning from invasive to noninvasive MV.In group A,for sputum suction and bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL),a fiberoptic bronchoscope was put into the airway from the outside of an endotracheal tube,which was accompanied with uninterrupted use of a ventilator.After achieving PIC window,patients of both groups changed to NIMV mode,and weaned from ventilation.The following listed indices were used to compare between the groups after treatment:1) the occurrence time of PIC,the duration of MV,the length of ICU stay,the success rate of weaning from MV for the first time,the rate of reventilatJon and the occurrence rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP);2) the convenience and safety of FOB manipulation.The results were compared using Student's f test and the Chi-square test.RESULTS:The occurrence time of PIC was(5.01 ±1.49) d,(5.87±1.87) d in groups A and B,respectively(P<0.05);the duration of MV was(6.98±1.84) d,(8.69±2.41) d in groups A and B,respectively(P<0.01);the length of ICU stay was(9.25±1.84) d,(11.10±2.63) d in groups A and B,respectively(P<0.01);the success rate of weaning for the first time was 96.30%,76.92%in groups A and B,respectively(P<0.01);the rate of reventilation was 5.56%,19.23%in groups A and B,respectively(P<0.05);and the occurrence rate of VAP was 3.70%,23.07%in groups A and B,respectively(P<0.01).Moreover,it was easy and safe to manipulate FOB,and no side effect was observed.CONCLUSIONS:The application of FOB in patients with AECOPD during sequential weaning of invasive-noninvasive MV is effective in ICU.It can decrease the duration of MV and the length of ICU stay,increase the success rate from weaning MV for the first time,reduce the rate of reventilation and the occurrence rate of VAP.In addition,such a method is convenient and safe in patients of this kind.

Two mechanically ventilated cases of COVID-19 successfully managed with a sequential ventilation weaning protocol: Two case reports

BACKGROUND Patients with critical coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),characterized by respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation(MV),are at high risk of mortality.An effective and practical MV weaning protocol is needed for these fragile cases.CASE SUMMARY Here,we present two critical COVID-19 patients who presented with fever,cough and fatigue.COVID-19 diagnosis was confirmed based on blood cell counts,chest computed tomography(CT)imaging,and nuclei acid test results.To address the patients’respiratory failure,they first received noninvasive ventilation(NIV).When their condition did not improve after 2 h of NIV,each patient was advanced to MV[tidal volume(Vt),6 mL/kg ideal body weight(IBW);8-10 cmH2 O of positive end-expiratory pressure;respiratory rate,20 breaths/min;and 40%-80%FiO2]with prone positioning for 12 h/day for the first 5 d of MV.Extensive infection control measures were conducted to minimize morbidity,and pharmacotherapy consisting of an antiviral,immune-enhancer,and thrombosis prophylactic was administered in both cases.Upon resolution of lung changes evidenced by CT,the patients were sequentially weaned using a weaning screening test,spontaneous breathing test,and airbag leak test.After withdrawal of MV,the patients were transitioned through NIV and high-flow nasal cannula oxygen support.Both patients recovered well.CONCLUSION A MV protocol attentive to intubation/extubation timing,prone positioning early in MV,infection control,and sequential withdrawal of respiratory support,may be an effective regimen for patients with critical COVID-19.

The research progress of brain natriuretic peptide in evaluation of weaning from mechanical ventilation

Mechanical ventilation provide important support organ function in critical ill patients. However, mechanical ventilation can produce many complications. Patients should be weaned from mechanical ventilation promptly. It is difficult to identify which patients are suitable for weaning, and studies show that 4%-23% of patients who have passed SBT can not be successfully weaning. There is many reasons for weaning failure. Cardiac function may play a key role. Brain natriuretic peptide(BNP) is a powerful biomarker for the diagnosis of heart failure. BNP has been shown to help determine whether weaning failure is caused by cardiovascular dysfunction.

Tei Index versus Pro BNP as Predictors of Weaning Failure in Mechanically Ventilated Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients

Objective: This prospective cohort study was designed to assess the rule of myocardial performance (Tei) index and NT-Pro BNP serum levels in prediction of weaning failure in mechanically ventilated COPD patients. Methods: Forty patients with respiratory failure due to acute exacerbation of COPD were enrolled to this study. All patients underwent a comprehensive echocardiographic examination including tissue doppler imaging within first 12 hours of admission. NT-pro BNP serum levels were measured on admission. Patients were followed up for outcome of weaning failure. Results: Right ventricular Tei index was higher in patients with failed weaning in comparison to successfully weaned patients (mean 0.66 versus 0.36, P P = 0.007). There was no difference in serum NT-Pro BNP between successfully weaned patients and patients with weaning failure. Right ventricular Tei index showed higher accuracy in predicting weaning failure than the left ventricular Tei index (AUC 0.932 versus 0.754), while serum NT-Pro BNP showed no discrimination in predicting weaning failure (AUC 0.556). Conclusion: Tei index was superior to NT-ProBNP in prediction of weaning failure in COPD patients.

Predictive performance of the variation rate of the driving pressure on the outcome of invasive mechanical ventilation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome

Purpose:To assess the value of the driving pressure variation rate(ΔP%)in predicting the outcome of weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.Methods:In this case-control study,a total of 35 patients with moderate-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome were admitted to the intensive care unit between January 2022 and December 2022 and received invasive mechanical ventilation for at least 48 h were enrolled.Patients were divided into successful weaning group and failed weaning group depending on whether they could be removed from ventilator support within 14 days.Outcome measures including driving pressure,PaO2:FiO2,and positive end-expiratory pressure,etc.were assessed every 24 h from day 0 to day 14 until successful weaning was achieved.The measurement data of non-normal distribution were presented as median(Q1,Q3),and the differences between groups were compared by Wilcoxon rank sum test.And categorical data use the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test to compare.The predictive value ofΔP%in predicting the outcome of weaning from the ventilator was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curves.Results:Of the total 35 patients included in the study,17 were successful vs.18 failed in weaning from a ventilator after 14 days of mechanical ventilation.The cut-off values of the medianΔP%measured by Operator 1 vs.Operator 2 in the first 4 days were≥4.17%and 4.55%,respectively(p<0.001),with the area under curve of 0.804(sensitivity of 88.2%,specificity of 64.7%)and 0.770(sensitivity of 88.2%,specificity of 64.7%),respectively.There was a significant difference in mechanical ventilation duration between the successful weaning group and the failure weaning group(8(6,13)vs.12(7.5,17.3),p=0.043).The incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the successful weaning group was significantly lower than in the failed weaning group(0.2‰vs.2.3‰,p=0.001).There was a significant difference noted between these 2 groups in the 28-day mortality(11.8%vs.66.7%,p=0.003).Conclusion:The medianΔP%in the first 4 days of mechanical ventilation showed good predictive performance in predicting the outcome of weaning from mechanical ventilation within 14 days.Further study is needed to confirm this finding.

实施容量反应性评估对重症肺炎患者预后的影响

目的 探讨补液前实施容量反应性评估对重症肺炎患者预后的影响。方法 回顾性分析2023年1月至2023年12月某三甲医院重症医学科及急诊重症监护室410例诊断为重症肺炎的病例资料。根据补液前是否实施容量反应性评估,将病例分为评估组和对照组,其中实施容量反应性评估的病例纳入评估组,未行容量反应性评估的病例纳入对照组。收集患者性别、年龄、既往史、BMI、急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation, APACHEⅡ)评分等一般资料以及机械通气时间、住院时间、氧合指数、血乳酸、预后等临床资料。通过SPSS 22.0统计学软件对收集的数据进行统计学分析。结果 共纳入410例患者,评估组202例,对照组208例;30天内死亡病例139例;评估组APACHⅡ评分(31.13±5.81)与对照组APACHⅡ评分(32.03±6.69)相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);评估组30天住院死亡率(58/202,28.71%)明显低于对照组的死亡率(81/208,38.94%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);评估组机械通气时间(9.04±7.97)天短于对照组机械通气时间(10.97±9.07)天(P<0.05)。结论 补液前实施容量反应性评估可降低重症肺炎患者30天住院死亡率;补液前实施容量反应性评估可缩短患者机械通气时长,降低肺水肿的发生率。

Effect of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on weaning success in patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation： a meta-analysis

Background Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation （NIPPV） has been proposed to shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation in intubated patients, especially those who fail initial weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation （IMV）. However, there are also some discrepancies in terms of weaning success or failure, incidence of re-intubation, complications observed during study and patient outcomes. The primary objective of this update was to specifically investigate the role of NIPPV on facilitating weaning and avoiding re-intubation in patients intubated for different etiologies of acute respiratory failure, by comparing with conventional invasive weaning approach. Methods We searched randomized controlled trials （RCTs） comparing noninvasive weaning of early extubation and immediate application of NIPPV with invasive weaning in intubated patients from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Knowledge and Springerlink databases. Records from conference proceedings and reference lists of relevant studies were also identified. Results A total of 11 RCTs with 623 patients were available for the present analysis. Compared with IMV, NIPPV significantly increased weaning success rates （odds ratio （OR）： 2.50, 95% confidence interval （C/）： 1.46-4.30, P=0.0009）, decreased mortality （OR： 0.39, 95% CI： 0.20-0.75, P=0.005）, and reduced the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia （VAP） （OR： 0.17, 95% CI： 0.08-0.37, P 〈0.00001） and complications （OR： 0.22, 95% CI： 0.07-0.72, P=0.01）. However, effect of NIPPV on re-intubation did not reach statistical difference （OR： 0.61, 95% CI： 0.33-1.11, P=0.11）. Conclusions Early extubation and immediate application of NIPPV is superior to conventional invasive weaning approach in increasing weaning success rates, decreasing the risk of mortality and reducing the incidence of VAP and complications, in patients who need weaning from IMV. However, it should be applied with caution, as there is insufficient beneficial evidence to definitely recommend it in terms of avoidinQ re-intubation.

Prognosis and weaning of elderly multiple organ dysfunction syndrome patients with invasive mechanical ventilation

Background Elderly multiple organ dysfunction syndrome （MODS） patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation have poor prognosis in intensive care units （ICUs）.We studied the usefulness of four commonly used severity scores and extrapulmonary factors that affected weaning to predict outcome of such patients.Methods Clinical data of 197 patients on admission to ICUs （from January 2009 to June 2012） were used retrospectively.The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation （APACHE） Ⅱ,APACHE Ⅲ,Sample Acute Physiological Score （SAPS） Ⅱ and MODS scores were calculated.All the patients were grouped into survivors and nonsurvivors according to the prognosis.Patients,who weaned from ventilator （n=154）,were subdivided into a successful weaning group and a failed weaning group.The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves and Logistic regression was used for prognostic and weaning assessment.Results Based on the outcomes,the areas under the ROC of APACHE Ⅱ,APACHE Ⅲ,SAPS Ⅱ,and MODS were 0.837,0.833,0.824,and 0.837,respectively.The Logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds ratio （OR） of underlying lung diseases,serum albumin and creatinine,and the number of organ failures was 2.374,0.920,1.003,and 1.547.APACHE Ⅱ scores on admission performed excellent （ROC：0.921） on the weaning assessments.Conclusions APACHE Ⅱ and MODS systems were marginally better for evaluating the prognosis of elderly MODS patients who received invasive mechanical ventilation.Underlying lung diseases,serum albumin,serum creatinine and the number of organ failures were independent prognostic factors.Using the APACHE Ⅱ scores on admission before weaning may increase the likelihood of successful weaning.（ClinicalTrial.gov identifier NCT01802983）.

The Impact of Rate of Feeding Advancement after Early Initiation of Enteral Nutrition in Critically Ill, Underweight Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Chart Review

Background: The optimal rate of feeding advancement after initiation of early enteral nutrition (EEN) for underweight, critically ill patients is unknown. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with a body mass index (BMI) < 20.0 kg/m2. Patients were categorized into Group R, which reached the energy target within 3 days of EEN initiation, and Group S, which reached the energy target 4 or more days after EEN initiation. Results: A total of 65 patients with a median age of 73 years were included in the study. No significant differences were observed between the two groups for all-cause mortality, ICU-free days, or length of hospital stay. Ventilator-free days (VFDs) were significantly fewer in Group R than in Group S (18.0 [0.0 - 22.0] vs. 21.0 [16.3 - 24.8] days;P = 0.046). A significantly higher number of patients requiring mechanical ventilation (MV) at hospital discharge were observed in Group R than in Group S (29% vs. 8%;P = 0.030). Multivariable analyses with adjustment for confounders found that days required to reach target energy intake after EEN initiation were significantly and independently associated with the requirement for MV at hospital discharge, but not with VFDs. Conclusion: A slow rate of feeding advancement after initiation of EEN in critically ill patients having a BMI of <20.0 kg/m2 might be associated with a reduced requirement for MV at hospital discharge. These results require confirmation in a large multicenter trial of underweight, critically ill patients.

分阶段式呼吸肌训练对提高呼吸衰竭患者无创通气撤机成功率的影响

目的探究分阶段式呼吸肌训练对提高呼吸衰竭患者无创通气撤机成功率的影响。方法选取2020年1月—2022年12月在南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院呼吸与危重症医学科(pulmonary and critical care medicine,PCCM)治疗的102例呼吸衰竭患者为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将患者分为对照组和观察组,每组51例。对照组实施常规护理干预,观察组在对照组基础上实施分阶段式呼吸肌训练。分别于干预前和干预2周后比较2组患者撤机成功率、机械通气时间及呼吸肌力水平及氧合指数情况。结果干预2周后,观察组撤机成功率高于对照组,且机械通气时间短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后,2组最大口腔吸气压(MIP)、最大口腔呼气压(MEP)及氧合指数均高于干预前,且观察组高于同期对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论分阶段式呼吸肌训练在临床护理中效果较好,可促进呼吸衰竭患者呼吸肌力恢复,改善膈肌功能,缩短机械通气时间,提高撤机成功率。

基于血清iNOS和eNOS水平建立慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重患者机械通气撤机预测模型

目的 基于血清诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)和内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)水平建立慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)患者机械通气撤机的预测模型。方法 选择2020年1月至2023年6月在河北北方学院附属第一医院接受机械通气治疗的166例AECOPD患者,按照撤机结局分为撤机成功组(n=112)和撤机失败组(n=54)。比较两组患者的临床资料及入院时、自主呼吸试验(SBT)前的血清iNOS、eNOS水平。采用Logistic回归分析撤机失败的影响因素,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析iNOS、eNOS预测撤机失败的价值。结果 与撤机成功组比较,撤机失败组SBT前24 h内的急性生理学与慢性健康状况评价Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分、肌酐(Cr)、iNOS、eNOS水平较高,白蛋白(Alb)水平较低(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,APACHEⅡ、Alb、iNOS、eNOS是撤机失败的影响因素(P<0.05);ROC曲线分析显示,iNOS、eNOS预测撤机失败的ROC曲线下面积为0.648(95%CI 0.563~0.733,P=0.002)、0.755(95%CI 0.683~0.827,P<0.001),以4.418 ng/mL、3.821 ng/mL为最佳截断值,预测敏感度分别为68.52%、83.33%,特异度分别为51.82%、66.36%;iNOS、eNOS与Alb、APACHEⅡ联合预测撤机失败的ROC曲线下面积为0.961(95%CI 0.928~0.993),优于单一指标(Z=7.412、6.682、4.323、4.951,P<0.05),敏感度和特异度分别为94.44%和90.91%。结论 AECOPD患者SBT前血清iNOS、eNOS水平增加与撤机失败相关,SBT前检测iNOS、eNOS联合Alb、APACHEⅡ能够较好地预测撤机结局。

基于早期股直肌超声纹理特征的首次有创机械通气患者30天死亡风险预测模型的构建与验证

目的基于早期股直肌超声纹理特征,构建首次有创机械通气患者30天死亡风险预测模型及验证。方法采用便利抽样法选择2022年1月至2023年12月入住河南省人民医院呼吸重症患者为研究对象,按8∶2随机分为训练集(n=304)和测试集(n=76)。两组均在插管后第1天、第3天、第5天和第7天使用床旁超声收集纹理特征参数。训练集依据第30天是否死亡为终点事件分为死亡组(n=80)和幸存组(n=224)。采用广义估计模型筛选患者30天死亡的影响因素并建立模型,绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线下面积(area under receiver operating characteristic curve,AUC)评价模型的区分度,通过校准图和Hosmer-Lemeshow评价模型的校准度。结果年龄、氧合指数(P/F)、患肾脏疾病、使用类固醇激素、股直肌厚度变化率、均值和角二阶距是首次机械通气患者30天死亡的影响因素(P<0.05)。训练集和测试集的AUC分别为0.832(95%CI 0.767~0.898)和0.819(95%CI 0.722~0.916),提示模型的区分度良好。训练集和测试集的Hosmer-Lemeshow分别为5.969(P=0.651)和4.336(P=0.826),校准曲线与对角线重合度较高,说明预测模型的校准度较好。结论本研究基于早期股直肌超声纹理特征建立的预测模型可有效地预测首次机械通气患者30天死亡风险。

长期机械通气患儿的死亡影响因素分析

背景近年来PICU接受长期机械通气(PMV)的患儿数量迅速增长,但影响PMV患儿死亡的因素尚不清楚。目的分析PICU接受PMV患儿死亡的影响因素。设计回顾性队列研究。方法纳入2020年10月1日至2021年6月30日重庆医科大学附属儿童医院PICU中有创机械通气持续时间≥14 d且每天通气时间≥6 h的连续病例,以出院后1个月生存和死亡为结局,从病例中截取入PICU时、在PICU治疗和出院时的信息,采用Cox回归分析影响死亡的因素。主要结局指标影响PMV患儿死亡的因素。结果研究期间PICU共收治1815例患儿,机械通气1144例,符合本文纳入标准的PMV患儿127例,出院后1个月随访时存活组99例、死亡组28例(22.0%)。选择了入PICU时信息、PICU治疗信息和出院信息中的10项变量构建多因素Cox比例风险模型,出院后1个月时死亡风险:病程中的PELOD2评分≥4分是<4分的2.9倍(HR=2.893,95%CI:1.182~7.079),输血治疗是不输血治疗的2.8倍(HR=2.766,95%CI:1.012~7.558),血液净化治疗是未行血液净化治疗的3倍(HR=2.978,95%CI:1.108~8.006),机械通气时间≥30 d是<30 d的3.1倍(HR=3.062,95%CI:1.282~7.312),总住院时间≥35 d较<35 d出院后1个月时的死亡风险降低了89%(HR=0.112,95%CI:0.037~7.312)。结论PICU接受PMV患儿出院后1个月的病死率为22%,病程中的PELOD2评分≥4分、输血治疗、血液净化治疗、机械通气时间≥30 d可使出院后1个月时的死亡风险升高2倍左右,总住院时间≥35 d可降低出院后1个月时的死亡风险。

Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭机械通气病人撤机失败风险预测模型的构建及验证

目的:探讨Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭机械通气病人撤机失败的风险因素,据此建立列线图预测模型并进行验证。方法:回顾性选取本院2017年2月—2022年2月收治的337例Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭病人为研究对象,根据机械通气撤机失败与否分为失败组和成功组;采用多因素Logistic回归分析法分析Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭机械通气病人撤机失败的影响因素,然后基于多因素分析结果采用R 3.4.3软件绘制列线图模型,另绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线以评估预测模型的预测效能,绘制校准曲线图并采用Bootstrap法检验预测模型的校准度。结果:纳入的337例Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭机械通气病人撤机后,46例撤机失败,失败率为13.65%;多因素分析结果显示,呼吸机相关肺炎、入院时低磷血症、自主呼吸测试(SBT)前低磷血症、SBT前浅快呼吸指数、拔管时清蛋白水平、拔管时C反应蛋白水平、机械通气时间、拔管时氧分压、拔管时二氧化碳分压、拔管时氧合指数、急性生理学及慢性健康状况评分系统(APACHEⅡ)评分是Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭病人机械通气撤机失败的影响因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.875[95%CI(0.813,0.927)],灵敏度和特异度分别为77.27%、86.90%;内部验证一致性指数为0.837,表明校正曲线与标准曲线贴合度较好。结论:Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭机械通气病人撤机失败的影响因素较多,基于影响因素构建的列线图模型具有一定的预测价值,可为预防Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭机械通气病人撤机失败的管理提供参考。

蒙特利尔认知量表评分在ICU机械通气患者脱机中的预测价值

目的:探讨MoCA评分在ICU机械通气患者脱机中的预测价值。方法:选取2022年10月—2023年8月期间收治于广东省人民医院重症监护室的符合纳入标准与排除标准的机械通气患者127例,其中男性85例,女性42例。所有患者在入科后24h内均评估一般资料以及MoCA评分、每分通气量(MV)、Apache-II评分、潮气量(VT)、浅快呼吸指数(RSBI)、氧合指数(OI)、血气分析等临床资料,评估患者自主呼吸试验前的机械通气时长,最后评估患者的脱机结局。根据患者的脱机结局分成两组并进行病例对照分析,其中脱机成功组92例,脱机失败组35例,采用单因素分析筛查与脱机失败相关的因素;采用二元logistic多因素回归分析判断影响机械通气患者脱机过程的危险因素与保护因素,计算优势比(OR)、95%置信区间(95%CI)以及准确度(Acc),绘制MoCA评分的受试者工作曲线(ROC曲线),计算曲线下面积(AUC)、约尔登指数(YI)、截断值(Cutoff),以分析MoCA评分在机械通气患者脱机中的预测价值。结果:一般资料比较结果显示,两组患者除BMI外差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05);两组患者临床资料比较结果显示,两组患者的Apache-II、MoCA评分、PaO_(2)、VT、MV、机械通气时长差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);多因素分析结果显示,MoCA评分高(OR=0.824,95%CI:0.720—0.944,P=0.005)是影响脱机结局的独立保护因素。每分通气量高(OR=0.600,95%CI:0.416—0.865,P=0.006)是影响脱机结局的独立保护因素。ROC曲线分析结果显示:MoCA评分的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.746,95%CI为0.661—0.819,P=0.001。最佳截断值为20分,对应的敏感度(Se)和特异度(Sp)分别是77.14%、68.48%,预测准确度(Acc)为74.02%。结论:MoCA评分高是影响脱机结局的独立保护因素,当患者MoCA评分≤20分时,患者发生脱机失败的风险增大。MoCA评分高的患者,其脱机成功率高,MoCA评分每提高1分,脱机成功率增加17.6%。

血浆microRNA-206联合床旁超声膈肌功能预测老年机械通气患者撤机结果的价值

目的观察血浆microRNA-206(miRNA-206)与床旁超声膈肌功能联合预测老年机械通气患者撤机结果的价值。方法选取2020年6月—2023年6月在南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院急诊重症监护室住院的老年机械通气患者102例,根据撤机结果分为成功组、失败组。比较两组患者血浆miRNA-206、膈肌功能指标及一般资料;采用多因素逐步Logistic回归模型分析老年机械通气患者撤机结果的影响因素;绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血浆miRNA-206、床旁超声膈肌功能单独及联合对老年机械通气患者撤机结果的预测价值。结果102例患者撤机失败率为33.33%。与成功组比较,失败组膈肌增厚率(DTF)、膈肌活动度(DE)、血浆miRNA-206、白蛋白(Alb)水平降低(P<0.05),膈肌收缩速度(DCV)加快(P<0.05),膈肌浅快呼吸指数(DRSBI)、急性生理学和慢性健康状况评价Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分、早期气管切开百分率升高(P<0.05),年龄增大(P<0.05)。多因素逐步Logistic回归分析结果显示:年龄[OR=1.089(95%CI:1.041,1.139)]、APACHEⅡ评分[OR=1.079(95%CI:1.029,1.131)]、miRNA-206[OR=0.663(95%CI:0.502,0.876)]、DTF[OR=0.587(95%CI:0.389,0.887)]、DE[OR=0.744(95%CI:0.584,0.947)]、DCV[OR=1.213(95%CI:1.059,1.389)]和DRSBI[OR=1.931(95%CI:1.029,3.622)]是老年机械通气患者撤机结果的影响因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,miRNA-206、DTF、DE、DCV、DRSBI预测老年机械通气患者撤机结果的最佳截断值分别为0.50、34.36%、9.60mm、1.50 cm/s、1.90次/(min·mm),敏感性分别为73.53%(95%CI:0.556,0.871)、67.65%(95%CI:0.495,0.826)、61.76%(95%CI:0.436,0.778)、70.59%(95%CI:0.525,0.849)、64.71%(95%CI:0.465,0.803),特异性分别为70.59%(95%CI:0.583,0.810)、73.53%(95%CI:0.614,0.835)、75.00%(95%CI:0.630,0.847)、72.06%(95%CI:0.599,0.823)、79.41%(95%CI:0.679,0.883),曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.709、0.715、0.645、0.742、0.719;联合预测的敏感性为97.06%(95%CI:0.847,0.999),特异性为69.12%(95%CI:0.567,0.798),AUC为0.851。结论血浆miRNA-206联合床旁超声膈肌功能对老年机械通气患者撤机结果具有较高的预测价值。

床旁多脏器超声预测重症患者机械通气撤机风险的临床价值

目的探讨床旁多脏器超声预测重症患者机械通气撤机风险的临床价值。方法选取于我院重症监护室行机械通气的重症患者200例,其中撤机成功组127例,撤机失败组73例,均行床旁多脏器超声获取左室射血分数(LVEF)、膈肌增厚率(DTF)、膈肌移动度(DE)、肺超声评分(LUS),比较两组上述参数差异。采用多因素Logistic回归分析筛选预测重症患者机械通气撤机风险的独立影响因素;绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析床旁多脏器超声预测重症患者机械通气撤机风险的诊断效能。结果撤机失败组LVEF、DTF、DE均低于撤机成功组,LUS高于撤机成功组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,LUS为预测重症患者机械通气撤机风险的独立危险因素(OR=2.008,P<0.05),LVEF、DTF、DE均为独立保护因素(OR=0.764、0.811、0.760,均P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,LUS、LVEF、DTF、DE及其联合应用预测重症患者机械通气撤机风险的曲线下面积分别为0.816、0.767、0.814、0.777、0.900,联合应用的曲线下面积高于各参数单独应用(Z=5.224、5.435、4.755、5.725,均P<0.05)。结论床旁多脏器超声在预测重症患者机械通气撤机风险中具有一定的临床价值。

撤机困难影响因素及干预措施的研究进展

从撤机困难病人自身疾病因素、呼吸肌功能障碍、营养相关问题、心理及其他因素分析撤机困难的原因,并归纳其干预措施,以期为今后开展相关护理实践干预方案提供参考。

综合安全项目在有创机械通气安全撤机中的应用

目的探讨基于病区的综合安全项目的实施对神经外科有创机械通气患者撤机的影响。方法选取2021年1月至2021年12月华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院神经外科ICU收治的375例患者为对照组,实施常规撤机护理管理;选取2022年1月至2022年12月我院神经外科ICU收治的475例患者为干预组,实施基于病区的综合安全项目管理。比较两组患者撤机困难发生率、对干预前、干预3个月后病区护士有创机械通气撤机指征知信行水平及安全文化态度得分进行评价。结果干预前撤机困难发生率为29.60%,干预后撤机困难发生率为23.58%(χ^(2)=3.926,P=0.048);干预组护士对有创机械通气撤机指征知信行水平、安全氛围、工作满意度、工作条件、压力感知得分均分及总分均高于干预前(P<0.05)。结论基于病区的综合安全项目的应用可以有效降低机械通气患者撤机困难率,促进神经外科ICU安全文化的建立,提高护士对有创机械通气患者撤机的应用安全水平和护理质量。