Determination of ^(210)Po and ^(210)Pb depositions in lichen and soil samples collected from K?prüba??-Manisa,Turkey

üIn this study, we aimed to determine the accumulations of ^(210) Po and ^(210) Pb in soil and lichen samples in K? prü bas??. The K? prü bas?? district is home to the largest uranium deposits in Turkey. To date, there has been no study recorded in the literature related to ^(210) Po and ^(210) Pb depositions in lichens in K? prü bas??. Six different lichen species(Cladonia convoluta, Parmelina tiliacea, Physcia stellaris, Pleurosticta acetabulum, Xanthoparmelia conspersa, and Xanthoria parietina) as well as soil samples were collected from seven sampling locations around K? prü bas??. Lichens were used as biomonitors for ^(210) Po and ^(210) Pb deposition. The ^(210) Po and ^(210) Pb activity concentrations were measured in all the samples by alpha spectrometry. The activity concentrations in the lichen samples ranged from 64 to 577 Bq kg^(-1) with an average of 266 Bq kg^(-1) for ^(210) Po and from 78 to 565 Bq kg^(-1) with an average of 333 Bq kg^(-1) for ^(210) Pb. The activity ratios of ^(210) Po/ ^(210) Pb ranged from 0.80 to 1.99. In the lichen species,the mean ^(210) Po activity values varied from 154 Bq kg^(-1) in Pleurosticta acetabulum to 390 Bq kg^(-1) in Xanthoparmelia conspersa. The range of the mean ^(210) Pb activity was between 153 Bq kg^(-1) in Cladonia convoluta and 378 Bq kg^(-1) in Parmelina tiliacea. In the soil samples, ^(210) Po and ^(210) Pb activity concentrations were ranged from14 to 1268 Bq kg^(-1) and from 19 to 1113 Bq kg^(-1),respectively. While the values of ^(210) Po and ^(210) Pb measured in the lichen samples are comparable with those of the literature, the results of ^(210) Po and ^(210) Pb in the soil taken from the uranium mine are higher than the results of the literature studies.

Annual effective dose values from^137Cs activity concentrations in soils of Manisa,Turkey

In this study,the activity concentrations of the fallout radionuclide ^(137(Cs in 150 soil samples collected from 13 districts of Manisa Province were determined using a gamma ray spectrometer with a Na I(Tl) detector.The health risks to people resulting from external exposure were evaluated by estimating the outdoor absorbed gamma dose rate and annual effective dose rate(outdoor and indoor).The activity concentration of ^(137)Cs varied from 3.6 ± 2.0 to 124.1 ± 11.0 Bq kg^(-1),with an average value of43.3 Bq kg^(-1).The average values of the outdoor absorbed gamma dose rate and annual effective dose(outdoor plus indoor) were found to be 1.3 n Gy h^(-1),and 8.0 μSv y^(-1),(6.38 + 1.59 μSv y^(-1)),respectively.The results were compared with internationally recommended values.

Effect of urban transformation on the values of historic sites around mosques:Two cases in Manisa,Turkey

This study presents a framework for assessing the cultural asset values of historic sites around mosques.Case studies are selected from provinces of Manisa,Turkey,namely,Carsi in Salihli with its new urban development and Pazaryeri in Gordes that is abandoned and currently considered as an archaeological site.Literature review,archive research,historical research,comparative study,and site survey are carried out to evaluate the urban development of site neighborhoods with a retrospective perspective.An approach presenting the effects of urban transformations on the cultural asset values of the historic neighborhood centers is proposed.The cases reveal that the urban aesthetic is nearly all lost today,but the holiness of each site preserves its authenticity while the historic land use is sustained.Their preservation problems are lack of maintenance and abandonment due to disasters,illegal interve ntions,in appropriate development plans,and unsuitable restoration approaches.The principles proposed for managing these historic environments consider their cultural asset values in relation to urban history,development of coherent strategies for their presentation,and participation of all actors to their preservation and development.