3D Slicing of Weighted Index for Reservoir Quality of Lower Miocene Rocks, Belayim Marine Oil Field, Gulf of Suez, Egypt

This study aims to have a single coefficient resulting from the integration of all the reservoir parameters through which a decision can be taken to determine the best quality places in the reservoir. The conventional well logging data in nine wells were used to determine the reservoir parameters in the study area. Seven different parameters were calculated, five of them were directly proportional to the quality of the reservoir, while the remaining two parameters which represent shale volume and water saturation were inversely proportional to the reservoir quality. The index of each parameter was calculated. A new value was created from the integration of the seven different parameter indexes called the weighted index for the reservoir quality. The reservoir quality values were sliced in the three dimensions depending on the effect of all reservoir parameters and not on any single parameter. It is clear from the results of this study that horizontal and vertical slicing, as well as cut-off values, illustrates that the middle and upper parts are the best places for the reservoir to explore hydrocarbons, where the values of the weighted index of the reservoir quality range from 0.65 to 0.9. Meanwhile, the quality of the reservoir decreases in its lower parts.

Durability of MICP-reinforced calcareous sand in marine environments:Laboratory and field experimental study

As eco-friendly methods,microbial induced carbonate precipitation(MICP)method was used to reinforce the calcareous sand in the South China Sea in this paper.The durability characteristics and deterioration mechanism of MICP-reinforced calcareous sand under various environment factors were investigated synthetically based on the unconfined compressive strength,mass loss rate and microscopic morphology in laboratory and field experimental study.Results show that,the unconfined compressive strength value of the sample is only 35.19%of the initial strength,while the mass loss rate is about 6.69%after 30-days of field marine environment erosion.MICP-reinforced calcareous sand shows the strongest resistance to temperature cycles,followed by dry-wet cycles,coupling effect of temperature and dry-wet cycle and salt spraying with drying cycles.MICP-reinforced calcareous sand exhibits the worst resistance to the field marine conditions,but the integrity of the sample could still be maintained after 30-days of field tests.The deterioration mechanism of MICP-reinforced calcareous sand is consistent under the various environmental cycles.First,the weakly cemented calcium carbonate crystals on the sample surface fall off,and then the hard-shell layer on the sample surface became weaker under various erosion.Finally,the internal cemented structure of the sample was gradually destroyed.The results indicated the utilization value of the MICP method in ocean engineering,but it is necessary to enhance the performance of the MICP-reinforced calcareous sand to ensure its protective effect after a certain environmental impact cycle.