Research on the effects of command-and-control and market-oriented policy tools on China's energy conservation and emissions reduction innovation

The impact of environmental regulation on technology innovation is a hot spot in current research where a large number of empirical studies are based on Porter Hypothesis(PH). However, there are still controversies in academia about the establishment of "weak" and "narrow" versions of PH. Based on the panel data of application for patent of energy conservation and emission reduction(ECER) technology of Chinese city scale during 2008-2014, comprehensive energy price, pollutant emission, etc., mixed regression model and systematic generalized method of moments method were adopted, respectively,to study the impact of market-oriented and command-and-control policy tool on China's ECER technology innovation. The results show that the environmental regulation hindered the technological innovation in the immediate phase; however, it turned out to be positive in the first-lag phase. Hence, the establishment of "weak" PH is time-bounded. The command-and-control policy tool played a more positive role in promoting technological innovation in the first-lag phase than market-oriented policy tool. Therefore, "narrow" PH is not tenable. The reason is that the main participants of China's ECER technology innovation are state-owned companies and public institutions. Regionally speaking, the impact which command-and-control policy tool has on technological innovation at sight was nonsignificant in the eastern, the central, and the western regions of China whilst market-oriented policy tool had a negative effect. And market-oriented policy tool in the central region had strongest negative effect, which would diminish in the eastern region and become weakest in the western region. This was related to regional energy consumption level and the market economic vitality.

Market-oriented Construction of Enterprise Economic Management Model

With the development and progress of the market economy,enterprises intending to enhance the market value of economic activities must integrate the core of enterprise economic management,stimulate their creativity,and effectively realize economic goals,and transforming from production factors to management factors.The enterprises must create a strategic economic management model that is more suitable for market demand and promote sustainable development.This paper analyses the importance of market-oriented enterprise economic management model and discusses specific strategies for reference.

Dynamic Spatial Evolution of Market-oriented Supply Level of State-owned Land

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the spatial distribution and change trend of the marketing level of stateowned land supply so as to provide policy recommendations. Method of spatial autocorrelation analysis is employed. The results indicate that the spatial layout of the land supply marketing level is generally dispersed,but it does assemble in some specific area. The correlation between the marketing level of state-owned land supply and the economic development is not statistically significant. But their relations fluctuate obviously. The overall marketing level of state-owned land supply is increasing and spatially concentrated. The expansion rate of marketing has decreased first and then increased and stabilized now. The high-value cluster center of marketing level of state-owned land supply exists all over the country; however the existence probability of the cluster is bigger in undeveloped areas. It is concluded that spatial autocorrelation analysis is a good method to quantitatively analyze the spatial variation of marketing level of state-owned land supply in China. To grasp the spatial and temporal variations of the marketing level of state-owned land supply is also good to enhance running of the state-owned land market.

Perfecting the Market-Oriented Ecological Compensation Mechanism of Ethnic Minority Areas: A Case Study of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

The construction of the market-oriented ecological compensation mechanism in China is complicated system engineering. China's ecological compensation funds are mainly derived from the public finance, lacking market-oriented operation. That not only increases the financial burden of the government, but also leads to the incomprehensive compensation scope. Moreover, China's ecological compensation lacks market mechanism so that it is difficult to set compensation standards and calculate offsets. This paper takes Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as an example to analyze the market-oriented ecological compensation system of ethnic minority areas from the perspective of market economy, so as to provide a theoretical basis and a reference point for the establishment of efficient and reasonable ecological compensation mechanism and policies in ethnic minority areas and provide environmental protection for the sustainable development of economy and society of ethnic minority areas.

南美洲Oriente盆地斜坡带W区块构造-岩性复合油藏成藏模式及有利区预测

通过岩心观察、地震解释、储层反演、原油地化分析、油源对比、油气运移示踪分析等对南美洲Oriente盆地斜坡带W区块典型构造-岩性复合油藏的成藏规律进行了分析,并指出了下一步的有利勘探方向。研究结果表明:①Oriente盆地斜坡带W区块构造-岩性复合油藏整体为西倾和西南倾单斜构造,局部发育鼻隆,油藏目的层为白垩系Napo组M1ss段,砂体呈北西—南东向,储层厚度大、物性好。②研究区河口湾砂坝控制有利储层分布,W区块平稳的西倾和西南倾单斜鼻隆构造背景与NW—SE走向的泥岩条带配合控制圈闭形成,有效油气运移通道的空间展布控制成藏。③构造-岩性油藏为三阶段成藏模式,早期常规原油充注,中期原油遭受降解,晚期常规原油混合降稠。④W区块南部地区2个泥岩条带的西南部位是W区块构造-岩性复合圈闭的有利发育区。

Investigation Into the Market-Orientated New Product Development Performance

The effect that the market orientation brings to product innovation performance is reported and the degree of product innovativeness is explored. The interdepartmental integration inside the company is also investigated. A series of hypotheses were developed aiming at presenting a conceptual framework to clarify how market orientation contributes to product innovation performance-moderated by the degree of product innovativeness and affected by the interdepartmental integration. Survey data from 36 business units were analyzed based on the respondents in the research. The statistic results suggest a substantial positive effect of market orientation on product innovation performance. Under the condition of incremental innovativeness among the samples, the more innovative the product is, the more improvements in product innovation performance would be achieved. A variety of particular interdepartmental integration mechanisms have been certified to lend more supports to establishing market orientation and improving product innovation performance.

工业用地市场化配置改革的制度变迁逻辑——基于“主体互动-制度共演”框架的分析

工业用地配置是当前要素市场化改革的重要内容。历经40余年的长期改革,市场在其中发挥的作用仍需要进一步加强,如何理解工业用地市场化配置改革的内在逻辑。通过纳入多类行为主体和关联制度,论文构建了“主体互动-制度共演”的理论框架,围绕改革开放以来工业用地市场化配置的改革历程和逻辑展开制度分析。研究发现,中央政府、地方政府和工业企业围绕工业用地配置制度充分互动,分别以制度供给、制度创新和制度需求的形式,在工业用地市场化配置的初步探索、发展调整和深化改革阶段主导了制度演变方向。土地产权、财政管理和政绩考核等关联制度安排也在工业用地配置制度演化过程中发挥了重要作用。研究认为,未来工业用地配置会以市场主体向上传递制度需求的互动形式深化改革,故应建立制度需求的有效反馈机制,服务企业发展和产业转型,重点优化土地利用计划管理和用途管制制度,加快培育土地二级市场和城乡统一的建设用地市场体系。

外华内实:基于市场-品牌混合导向赋能中国中小企业竞争力

在当今市场竞争日趋激烈的环境下,中国中小企业亟待转型升级,以应对市场压力和品牌建设的双重挑战。本研究针对中国中小企业在市场导向战略与品牌导向战略融合过程中遇到的挑战,提出了一个整合市场与品牌导向的企业战略框架。研究发现,中小企业在追求市场竞争力的同时,需重视品牌价值的长期投资与维护。通过构建市场-品牌混合导向战略模型,本文提出了战略协同、策略协同和执行协同三大层次的协同体系,以及数据分析支持和评价与反馈两大模块。这一模型旨在帮助中小企业在满足市场需求的同时,构建并传播独特的品牌形象,从而实现高质量竞争力的发展。研究表明,通过有效整合市场与品牌导向,中小企业能够提升其市场竞争力和持续发展能力,为实现企业竞争力的高质量发展提供有力的理论支持。本研究为中国中小企业在市场导向与品牌导向融合中提供了明确的路径和策略,对于我国实施质量兴国战略和经济高质量增长具有重要意义。

Transparent and anti-fogging AlPO_(4)-5 films constructed by oblique oriented nano-flake crystals

In the present work,transparent and anti-fogging AlPO_(4)-5 films were prepared on glass substrates using a novel developed process.The process entails a simple in-situ sol–gel followed by vapor phase transport.The in-situ sol–gel process was implemented by coating the precursor sols for the synthesis of AlPO4-5 on the glass substrates successively using the spin-coating method.The films and powders scribed from the films were characterized by X-Ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),scanning electron microscope(SEM),atomic force microscope(AFM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope(TEM).The unique films were composed of oblique oriented nanoflake AlPO_(4)-5 crystals with the thickness of about 20 nm.The formation of nano-flake crystals can be ascribed to the high concentration of the precursors,resulting in the formation of a supersaturation system.The obtained films showed high antifogging performance due to the superhydrophilicity with a water contact angle of lower than 1.0°.The silicone oil contact angle was also low about 8.2°.In addition,heteroatom-substituted AlPO_(4)-5 films showing different colors can be obtained easily by simply adding transition metal ions in the phosphate acid solution during the preparation that can extend the application of the method for different coating demand.

数实产业技术融合对城乡共同富裕的影响研究--基于新质生产力的中介效应检验

数实产业技术融合是中国形塑全新发展格局,探寻公平与效率间最佳动态平衡点,实现城乡共同富裕的原生动能。选取2012—2022年中国31个省区市(港澳台除外)面板数据,构建中介效应模型、调节效应模型以及门槛效应模型,实证检验数实产业技术融合对城乡共同富裕的影响效应与内在作用机理。结果显示:数实产业技术融合可助力城乡共同富裕,该结论在经过稳健性检验后仍成立。异质性分析表明,数实产业技术融合对城乡共同富裕的助力作用在不同地理区位与产业结构地区呈现出异质性影响范式,具体表现为数实产业技术融合对“胡焕庸线”西北地区、低产业结构地区城乡共同富裕的赋能效应更强。机制检验显示,数实产业技术融合通过培育新质生产力促进城乡共同富裕。调节效应与门槛效应检验表明,数据要素市场化配置可增强数实产业技术融合对城乡共同富裕的助力作用,且在跨越10.2375门槛值后,数实产业技术融合促进城乡共同富裕的效能更强。

Photo-polymerization of liquid crystalline monomer in oriented liquid crystal phase

A new approach to synthesize liquid crystalline polymer with narrow polydispersity index（PDI） was developed.Photopolymerization of 4-cyanophenyl-4＇-（6-acryloyloxyhexyloxy）benzoate（RM23） in nematic liquid crystals with macroscopic orientation was studied.The effects of the monomer concentration on the molecular weight and PDI of the resulting polymers were studied through gel permeation chromatography（GPC） and polarized optical microscopy.The low PDI of 1.19 and 1.22 was obtained in the reverse and normal modes,respectively.The PDI and molecular weight increased with monomer concentration.

Is Business School Performance Impacted by Market Orientation Toward Students, Employers of Students, and Parents of Students？ Views from Accounting Department Chairpersons, Business School Deans, and Academic Vice-Presidents of AACSB Business Schools

This paper is part of a continuing research stream dealing with organizational behavior and performance in higher education, specifically within AACSB-Intemational business schools. Using responses to a national survey sent to AACSB-International members schools located in the United States, we report market orientation levels toward students, parents of students, and employers of students as well as levels of organizational performance reported by accounting department chairpersons, business school deans, and academic vice-presidents. Theory and empirical research suggest that higher levels of market orientation result in higher levels of organizational performance. Comparisons of the various input scores for each customer group （students, parents of students, and employers of students） submitted by the survey respondents are made against a benchmark established for businesses in the marketing literature and then scores are compared by administrative groups against one another. Finally, regression analysis is used to determine if the reported levels of organizational performance are impacted by the levels of reported market orientation. Altogether, 101 accounting department chairpersons, 130 business school deans, and 110 academic vice-presidents responded. The paper presents details of the research process, findings, statistical inferences, and discusses the implications of the research for schools of business and academic accounting departments.

Research on the Marketing Strategy of Online Education - Taking New Oriental as an Example

In recent years,with the development of society and the progress of science and technology,online learning has penetrated into people’s daily life,and people’s demand for high-quality curriculum products is more and more strong.From a macro perspective,the continuous growth of national financial investment in education,the continuous upgrading of China’s consumption structure,the development of 5G technology and the popularization of AI intelligence make online teaching less limited.The online education industry is showing an explosive growth trend.More and more online education institutions are listed for financing,and the market value is soaring.However,in 2019,except for GSX,the latest online learning platforms such as New Oriental,Speak English Fluently and Sunlands,have been in a state of loss.Most of these agencies seize the market by increasing advertising investment,but at the same time,they also bring huge marketing costs,which affect the financial performance of the company.With the enhancement of Matthew effect,largescale educational institutions occupy a large market through free classes and low-price classes,while small and medium-sized institutions with weak capital strength are often unable to afford high sales costs,facing the risk of capital chain rupture.Taking new Oriental online as an example,this paper analyzes the problems existing in the marketing strategies of online education institutions.It also puts forward suggestions on four aspects,which are target market,differentiated value,marketing mix and marketing mode,so as to make sure that online education institutions can control marketing expenses and achieve profits by improving course quality,expanding marketing channels and implementing precise positioning.

New Thought about the Marketing Orientation of Middle and Small-sized Enterprises of China

The reasonable marketing orientation is related to the survival and the development of the enterprises. According to the disadvantages and superiority of the middle and small sized enterprises of our country, this paper analyzes the new thought about the marketing orientation from the aspects of marketing product orientation, marketing way orientation, marketing target orientation, marketing strategy orientation and marketing idea orientation. It has great theoretical and practical significance.

应用型高校基于兴趣导向的市场营销人才培养模式研究--以PJ学院为例

学术导向和社会导向是影响高等教育发展的两种重要思想,过多的学术导向难以培养出符合市场需求的应用型人才,过度的社会导向则可能导致学生的功利化学习,如何有效平衡两种导向成为应用型高校人才培养必须解决的问题。通过问卷调查、田野笔记和案例研究的混合方法,本文探索以学生兴趣为导向的市场营销人才培养模式。研究结果表明,人才培养模式趋向于“以学生为中心”,基于兴趣导向的人才培养模式能较好地平衡学术导向和社会导向。发展基于兴趣导向的人才培养模式是在高校落地“以学生为中心”教育理念的有益探索。

知识产权制度的市场运行机制探讨——兼评《知识产权强国建设纲要(2021-2035年)》第五部分目标

知识产权制度与市场运行机制息息相关。2021年9月颁布的《知识产权强国建设纲要(2021—2035年)》提出“建设激励创新发展的知识产权市场运行机制”。这一机制以企业为主体,通过令其获得更强市场竞争力而使其有更强动力获得知识产权,从而实现激励创新的目的,最终推进知识产权强国建设。

Entrepreneurial Leadership, Market Orientation, and Firm Performance

This paper explores entrepreneurial leadership, market orientation, and firm performance. It sorts to ascertain through the literature whether entrepreneurial leadership has an influence on market orientation decision and firm performance. The review points to the fact that entrepreneurial leadership creates visionary scenarios which they used to assemble and mobilize a “supporting cast” of participants who become committed to the vision and the discovery of strategic value creation by influencing market orientation decision and thus enhancing firm performance. The study thus developed a process model as a result of the literature reviewed. The study concludes that, entrepreneurial leadership influences the market orientation decision of a firm with the help of the “supporting cast” and this helps the firm to increase its performance.

绿色金融赋能企业绿色技术创新的影响与机制研究--基于“市场-政府”双螺旋支持下的效力检验

借助《绿色信贷指引》这一政策事件,结合上市企业2007-2020年数据,基于双重差分的准自然实验方法,检验绿色信贷对企业绿色技术创新的影响。研究发现,绿色信贷政策能够有效激励企业绿色技术创新,并对于国有企业、低碳试点城市企业的绿色技术创新活动具有更为显著的促进作用。机制检验发现,绿色信贷政策能够改善企业财务状况、优化企业投融资行为并改善市场主体的外部预期,这些都有助于绿色技术创新活动的开展。特别地,绿色信贷政策离不开“市场-政府”双螺旋的重要支撑,在有效的市场化环境和有力的财政科技支出支撑下,绿色信贷政策对企业绿色技术创新的边际促进作用更为明显。

Market orientation for the hotel segment： The Portuguese case

In view of the importance of the hotel segment for the tourism and for the economy of countries such as Portugal, the objective of this study was to measure the level of orientation for the market of the largest hotel groups of Portugal. This investigation initially emphasized the importance of the marketing for the organizations, mainly the orientation for the market. After a brief explanation on the hotel segment in Portugal, an empirical study was presented, of quantitative, exploratory and traversal character, performed with the largest groups of 20 hotels of Portugal, using as an instrument of collection data, the traditional Markor scale （market orientation） adapted to the hotel sector. After analyzing the data, it was found in the investigated organizations that a good capacity to generate market information and response to the market, which formed two of the three constructs of Markor scale. However the results obtained with the construct of the dissemination of market information were below the expectations. It was possible to conclude that marketing professionals of the large hotel groups in Portugal are well oriented to the market, something not shared by other investigated departments of the hotels. So the current challenge for the main networks of hotels in Portugal is to improve the internal dissemination of information that marketing professionals gathered at the market.

Market Orientation and Business Performance in the Container Port Industry

Identification and responsiveness towards customer needs is a notion that rests deeply in the heart of the marketing concept, and has been discussed in various fields of business and economic literature. At the same time literature in port economics and management has proposed various means for analyzing market conditions, overcoming competitive pressures in the port industry and pursuing sustainable competitive advantage. In line with this discussion, albeit with a significant time delay, port economics and management literature has also proposed the use of marketing strategies as a strategic tool towards achieving port competitiveness. However, the early approaches to port marketing, mainly based on consumer marketing principles, where followed by scarce references, mainly dealing with particularities of marketing implementation in ports and terminals. This paper attempts to provide a solid theoretical background to the notion, the need and the applicability of the marketing concept in the container port industry. It investigates the preconditions under which port marketing strategies are designed and formulated, by measuring the level of market orientation of ports and terminals. Furthermore, it attempts to examine the impact of market orientation on port performance, under the mediating role of marketing tactics and the moderating effect of the ports＇/terminals＇ internal and external environment.