Activity Data and Emission Factor for Forestry and Other Land Use Change Subsector to Enhance Carbon Market Policy and Action in Malawi

Activity data and emission factors are critical for estimating greenhouse gas emissions and devising effective climate change mitigation strategies. This study developed the activity data and emission factor in the Forestry and Other Land Use Change (FOLU) subsector in Malawi. The results indicate that “forestland to cropland,” and “wetland to cropland,” were the major land use changes from the year 2000 to the year 2022. The forestland steadily declined at a rate of 13,591 ha (0.5%) per annum. Similarly, grassland declined at the rate of 1651 ha (0.5%) per annum. On the other hand, cropland, wetland, and settlements steadily increased at the rate of 8228 ha (0.14%);5257 ha (0.17%);and 1941 ha (8.1%) per annum, respectively. Furthermore, the results indicate that the “grassland to forestland” changes were higher than the “forestland to grassland” changes, suggesting that forest regrowth was occurring. On the emission factor, the results interestingly indicate that there was a significant increase in carbon sequestration in the FOLU subsector from the year 2011 to 2022. Carbon sequestration increased annually by 13.66 ± 0.17 tCO2 e/ha/yr (4.6%), with an uncertainty of 2.44%. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is potential for a Carbon market in Malawi.

Marketing Factors Affecting Middle Class Consumer’s Buying Decision in Housing Market in Nanning City

It is important to study the relationship between marketing factors and purchase decisions of middle-class consumers in Nanning housing market.This study will investigate the factors influencing people decision to purchase houses in Nanning City.The extrinsic housing attributes at this study consist of environmental attributes and location attributes.I have a limited understanding of the purchase behavior of Nanning home buyers in Nanning City.This study adopts the data collection methods of e-mail and field survey.Based on 509 questionnaires,the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics analysis and logistic regression.The results show that location attributes,such as school districts,positively influence housing purchase decisions in Nanning City.This study contributes to an improved understanding of home buyers’decision making in Nanning City.The beneficiaries of this study include home buyers and marketers and academic institutions.To better meet home buyers’needs and achieve a competitive advantage,marketers can use the research outcomes to focus more on those housing purchase factors that significantly influence house buyers’purchase decision making.

Factors of Marketing Toward Customer Decision-Making in Cross-Border E-Commerce:Case Study of QD Company

Taking small cross-border e-commerce enterprise QD company as an example,this study targets customers consuming on the platform of cross-border e-commerce enterprise QD company,and the purpose is to study the marketing factors affecting customer decision-making.By combining with relevant literature,this paper preliminarily confirmed that 7Ps,Technology Acceptance Model(TAM),and customer decision-making theory as the theoretical basis,and established the theoretical model.According to the mature scale of domestic and foreign scholars to measure the research variables,with 7Ps and TAM as the independent variable,TAM perceived usefulness and ease of use as the core of the independent variable,customer decision-making as the dependent variable,in the test before the project,forming a formal questionnaire,the main data are obtained through the design and distribution of the questionnaire.Based on a large number of relevant literature,this paper examines the marketing factors influencing customer decisions in cross-border e-commerce,then identifies goals,builds models,and proposes hypotheses.According to the technical acceptance model in consumer behavior theory,select the cross-border e-commerce enterprise quantum dot platform of consumers as the research object,finally through SPSS software on cross-border consumer feedback,including descriptive statistical analysis,factor analysis,correlation analysis,regression analysis test customer satisfaction,finally found a significant positive relationship between customer decision-making and marketing mix and TAM variables.

Cassava sector development in Cameroon: Production and marketing factors affecting price

Regular and available supply is the prerequisite of an effective and efficient commercialization process. Using multivariate regression analysis on field data, this research appraises the production and marketing factors that influence cassava market price. The production factors include cultivated area, planting material, yield, and farmers’ field schools;while farmers access to a paved road, having a telephone, the transportation costs of fresh roots, the level of root perishability, and the prices of rice and maize stand as marketing factors. The results show that farmers who attended farmers’ field school adopted improved planting materials, propagated them in their localities and the yields in these communities increased significantly. The farm size also has a significant influence on the availability of fresh roots. On the marketing side, transportation costs, access to a paved road, the prices of rice and maize significantly affect cassava’s market price and tighten the relationship between producers and marketers. We conclude that to increase fresh roots supply, roads leading to cultivating areas should be paved, better transportation provided, communication costs reduced, even distribution of planting materials and appropriate warehouses.

Factor and Cluster Analysis as a Tool for Patient Segmentation Applied to Hospital Marketing in Jordan

Hospital marketing is becoming important for the survival and the prosperity of the health service. In addition, it indirectly acts as a formal feedback channel for the customer requirements, preferences, suggestions and complaints. In this work we have undertaken a survey based marketing study for two main objectives: The first being to better understand the patient clusters through k-means clustering and the second to understand customer perception of the different known quality perspectives through factor rotated and unrotated analysis. All of the questionnaires were designed according to international studies. Based on general descriptive statistics, items classified with higher variance but important, are: clean environment, doctors and nurses capabilities, and specialized doctors. Items that are less important with low variance are: food type, lighting and insurance. Also, items classified as more important with low variance are: recommended, no mistakes, and the cost. Using factor analysis rotated and unrotated reduced the variables into five main variables described as: medical aspects, psychological aspects, cost aspects, hospital image and ease of access and procedures. Using k-means clustering, the customers can be clustered into four main clusters with two of them described as general patient with wide variety of interest, serious cases interested in specialized doctors and food, and very serious case with high stress on equipment, no mistakes.

Selection Factors for Market Subjects of Agricultural Industrial Development

The paper firstly analyzes selection factors for market subjects of agricultural industrial development in China. From the political aspect, it is required to take account of features of subjects of agricultural industrial development at current stage. From economic aspects, we should adheres to the two-tier management system that integrates unified with separate management on the basis of household contract management in the countryside, and cultivate and foster subject enterprises according to features of most important market subjects in market economy. From natural aspects, it is proposed to consider features of agricultural industry and inherent advantages of agricultural resources in China. From social aspects, it is essential to draw on successful experience of developed countries in developing market subjects of agricultural industry.

Major Factors Influences the 2008 Stock Market

2007 was an unusual year for China's stock market, as the index climbed from 2675 points up to 6124 by the end of the year, setting new records again and again throughout 2007. What will happen to the stock market in the coming 2008? Let's havea look at some of the main factors that will influence the stock market this year, perhaps we can find out if 2008 will be another memorable year full of surprises.……

Analysis on Farmers’ Straw Marketization Behavior and Its Influence Factors: A Case Study of Hubei Province

Crop straw has huge resource potential. It has an important significance for realizing waste recycling and improving eco-environment to prefect straw marketization system and sufficiently stimulate farmers’ straw marketization behavior. Based on 427 copies of investigation data on farmers,influence mechanism framework of farmers’ straw marketization behavior is constructed,and key factors of farmers’ straw marketization behavior are analyzed. Results show that farmers joining in straw marketization account for 42. 1%; in influence factors of farmers’ straw marketization behavior,cultivated land area,market price level,logistics satisfaction and air quality perception have significantly positive impacts on farmers’ straw marketization behavior,while education degree,agricultural income proportion and traffic convenience have significantly negative impacts on farmers’ straw marketization behavior. Therefore,it needs strengthening propaganda intensity,carrying out reasonable subsidies and support,encouraging and breeding new type of organization,and establishing and improving the price mechanism of straw marketization to perfect straw marketization construction.

农业水权交易发展影响因素分析——基于宏观、中观、微观视角

我国现阶段农业水权交易分散且规模较小,农业水权交易市场活跃度不高。随着水资源供需矛盾的日益紧张,需要激发市场在水资源配置中的决定性作用,进一步为农业水权创造更大的交易空间。农业水权涉及多层级管理制度,却少有从全局到细节不同维度分析农业水权交易发展影响因素的研究,无法具有系统性地推动农业水权交易发展。为此,本文将影响农业水权交易发展的关键因素划分为宏观社会经济、中观市场主体及相互关系和微观交易要素三个维度,定性分析不同维度各因素指标的实质属性以及对农业水权交易发展的影响效果,找准农业水权交易发展的宏观支撑,明确农业水权交易市场的发展思路,进而聚焦到微观交易要素在水权交易过程中的作用,从三个维度分别提出加大农业水权交易政策和多途径推进农村水系连通的建设力度、明确政企角色定位、鼓励农业水权交易与土地实现同步流转等活跃农业水权交易市场的建议,以期为完善农业水权交易市场提供建设基础和思路。

碳排放权交易、数字经济与企业全要素生产率

“双碳”战略目标的提出契合高质量发展的内在需要,碳排放权交易市场是实现该目标的关键工具,2013—2014年,我国建立了首批七个试点碳交易市场,近十年以来,此项政策的减排效果已经受到广泛认可,但其对经济发展的影响依然值得探究。基于2010—2019年重污染行业A股上市公司的数据,本文以首批七个试点碳交易市场的正式启动为准自然实验,构建双重差分模型探讨该项政策对企业全要素生产率的影响,并从碳交易市场特征和数字经济发展的角度对作用机制进行分析。研究发现,碳交易政策能够显著提高企业的全要素生产率。机制分析表明,在碳交易政策对全要素生产率的作用过程中,企业数字化转型发挥了部分中介作用。此外,碳交易政策效果在非国有企业、风险承担水平高的企业中更强,并且碳市场的交易规模、流动性、数字基础设施、互联网普及率和数字普惠金融的发展都对碳交易政策效果发挥着正向调节效应,碳配额价格水平也具有一定的负向调节效应。

数据要素乘数效应的逻辑解构与实现进路

数据要素作为新型生产要素在社会生产活动中发挥显著的乘数效应。数据要素不仅自身发生作用,还能与其他生产要素融合发生作用而产生乘数效应,并能够体现出国内数据乘数效应及数据开放乘数效应,以及场内交易、场外交易及其交互的乘数效应。数据要素还能够作用于生产、流通、消费、分配等社会生产过程的各环节,进而实现价值的倍增。研究表明,要夯实数据要素流通所需的基础要素建设,完善市场基础和人才基础;要持续推进数据要素交易平台、跨境要素市场的建设;要通过健全市场运行规则,完善法律法规体系,强化市场治理与监管等,探索数据要素发展的安全治理体系,构建起安全、合规且竞争有序的数据要素市场环境。

市场性因素介入之内幕交易罪违法所得的计算

内幕交易罪等证券类犯罪因涉及多方主体、复杂的违法链条、严重的危害后果以及隐蔽的犯罪手段,对市场交易秩序造成严重破坏,一直是监管部门严厉打击的重点。为实现刑法的有效规制并保障人权,科学准确地计算内幕交易罪的违法所得数额显得尤为重要。在实践中,市场性因素的介入会导致内幕交易罪中行为人所获得的收益或避免的损失数额增大。对于扩大的收益或者避免的损失数额,由于不符合没收违法所得制度的宗旨与内涵,因此不能计入行为人的违法所得数额。在具体计算方法上,法院可以综合选取相关市场指数或者个股组合作为参照,综合测算市场性因素所导致的股市波动权重,进而将其从违法所得的认定中排除。

流通数字化赋能全国统一大市场建设的机理与效应研究

建设全国统一大市场是加快构建新发展格局的基础支撑和内在要求。本文聚焦流通数字化发展对全国统一大市场建设的影响,实证检验流通数字化赋能全国统一大市场建设的传导机制和异质特征。研究发现,流通数字化发展能够显著促进全国统一大市场建设,且该研究结论具有较强的稳健性。机制检验结果表明,流通数字化发展能够通过加快创新要素流动、扩大企业规模、释放消费潜力等途径促进全国统一大市场建设。异质性检验结果表明,在基础设施水平、城镇化率和人口集聚程度较高地区,流通数字化对全国统一大市场建设的促进作用较为明显。进一步研究发现,流通数字化与统一大市场之间存在基于基础设施、城镇化率和人口集聚水平的门槛效应。本文研究结论为我国进一步加快流通产业的数字化转型、破除区域间要素流动壁垒、推进统一大市场建设提供了经验证据。

数据要素市场化配置的法治推进——兼论《数据二十条》相关条款设计

数据要素市场化配置的程度与水平决定了充分释放数据要素动能的程度,对加快数据产业链、价值链重构与转型升级意义重大。数据要素市场化配置的前提是明确数据产权归属,基础是构建统一开放的数据要素市场,发展是健全高效的定价机制,底线是保障数据要素安全发展。我国虽已明确了数据这一新型生产要素的重要地位,但相关法律尚未明确数据的产权归属,全国统一的数据要素市场尚未建立,数据要素定价机制尚未明确,数据要素市场交易与监管的边界也尚未清晰,所有这些阻碍了数据要素市场化配置的充分实现。故需立足数据要素市场的特征与现实,以数据产权结构性分置制度促进数据动态权属流动,构建统一开放的数据要素交易市场机制,同时厘清数据监管边界,保障数据要素市场安全发展,实现数据要素高水平、高质量、高效率的市场化配置。

城市商业银行设立对资本要素市场整合的影响:促进还是抑制?--基于准自然实验的分析

以城市商业银行的设立为准自然实验,基于1998—2013年中国地级市数据与中国工业企业数据库数据,运用渐进双重差分方法系统考察了地方金融发展对资本要素市场整合的影响。研究表明,城商行的设立显著促进了资本要素市场整合。机制分析表明,城商行的设立通过促进银行业竞争和增加信贷供给推动资本要素市场整合,而政府干预会在一定程度上削弱促进银行业竞争的效应,影响信贷资源流向。对城商行异地扩张和兼并的进一步分析表明,城商行的异地分行设立会促进地区资本要素市场整合,但城商行异地分行数量的扩张又会阻碍资本要素市场整合,而城商行兼并对资本要素市场整合则没有起到显著的促进作用。本文研究结论能为我国优化地方金融体系,促进资本要素市场整合提供理论依据和直观证据。

数字普惠金融对中国式农业现代化的影响效应及作用机制

深入推进中国式农业现代化是实现中国式现代化的关键。文章运用综合指标体系法,构建中国式农业现代化水平的评价指标体系,基于2011-2021年中国30个省份的面板数据,利用固定效应模型、调节效应模型和门槛效应模型,实证分析了数字普惠金融对中国式农业现代化的影响及其作用机制。研究表明:数字普惠金融能有效提升中国式农业现代化水平,经过内生性与稳健性检验后结果依然可信;机制分析显示,要素市场扭曲程度在数字普惠金融对中国式农业现代化的影响中存在逆向调节作用;门槛效应检验发现,数字普惠金融促进中国式农业现代化的过程具有非线性特征;异质性分析表明,数字普惠金融对中国式农业现代化的影响在粮食主产区更显著。